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Defense Products Catalog — Page 137

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60 mm illuminating bomb M83A3
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
60 mm illuminating bomb M83A3
Armament Any 60 mm mortar. Development US Army design manufactured under licence. Description This bomb uses a tubular body with an alloy tailcone and fin unit secured to the body by shear pins. After about 15 seconds of flight, a fixed-time fuze ignites an expelling charge which ignites the illuminating flare and blows off the bomb tail, ejecting the flare and its parachute. Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company.Read More
81 mm HE bomb M374
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
81 mm HE bomb M374
Armament US M1, M29 or M29A1 mortars, or similar. Development By Korea Explosives, based on original US design. Description This is a streamlined bomb with a plastic obturating ring behind the bourrelet, an alloy tailboom and fins and a nose adaptor threaded for the fuze. The tailboom carries a percussion primer at its end and an ignition cartridge close behind the bomb body and under the gas holes. The secondary increments are in tubular fabric bags laid alongside the tailboom and secured by spring retainer clips. There are nine increments. Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company.Read More
81 mm illuminating bomb M301A3
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
81 mm illuminating bomb M301A3
Armament US M1, M29 and M29A1 mortars and similar. Development By Korea Explosives, based upon US original pattern. Description A cylindrical bomb with time fuze in the nose and a tailcone, tailboom and fins. The tailboom carries a percussion primer and an ignition cartridge, eight secondary increments in tubular fabric bags are attached alongside the tailboom by means of retaining clips. The interior of the bomb contains the flare canister and parachute. Upon functioning of the time fuze, the flare is ignited and the tailcone is blown off, so that the canister and parachute are ejected. Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company.Read More
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, RA, M549 and M549A1
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Korea
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, RA, M549 and M549A1
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, RA, M549 and M549A1 can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, RA, M549 and M549A1 can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The 155 mm HERA M549 (High-Explosive Rocket-Assisted, otherwise known as a Rocket-Assisted Projectile, or RAP) was developed to provide existing and developmental 155 mm artillery pieces with enhanced range and on-target effectiveness, although accuracy is degraded at the longer ranges. The main difference between the 155 mm HERA M549 and M549A1 (now the standard US Army version) is that the M549 shell body is filled with Composition B while the M549A1 is filled with TNT. The conversion to TNT was made to ensure safety compliance with weapon systems utilising the M203 or M203A1 charge; type classification of the 155 mm HERA M549A1 was completed in September 1977. This projectile is no longer in production for the USA but is offered for export by General Dynamics OTS and continues to be manufactured in South Korea . The configuration of the 155 mm HERA M549/549A1 was used as the basis for the Projectile, Nuclear, 155 mm: XM785, and the ballistics of the two projectiles are `similar'. Description The 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 is a separate loading munition with a two-piece, high-fragmentation, forged alloy HF 1 steel body. The shell body uses a low-drag aerodynamic profile and fitted to the base is a rocket motor body. The 4340 steel motor body weighs 13.5 kg (approximately 3.175 kg of which is propellant), is 266.7 mm long and is encircled by a welded overlay copper driving band and obturator band, both protected during storage and transit by a polycarbonate composition grommet. At the front of the projectile the fuze cavity is protected during transport by an energy absorbing lifting plug, this protected the fuze area from damage during storage, transit and handling. Before loading, the lifting plug is replaced by a fuze and the protector cap over the rocket motor nozzle is removed; the 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 is not intended to be fired in the `rocket off' mode. On-target effects are enhanced by the shell's high-fragmentation steel body. The 155 mm HERA M549 is filled with a nominal 7.26 kg of Composition B. The HERA M549A1 filler is 6.8 kg of cast TNT. At the instant of firing the propellant gases ignite a pyrotechnic delay train in the rocket motor. The delay burns for approximately 7 seconds, by which time the end of the delay train will have reached the rocket's primary igniter to subsequently light the motor's two propellant grains via an igniter pellet. The rocket motor then burns to deliver thrust for approximately 3 seconds to increase the projectile's velocity and range. The recessed rocket motor nozzle has a graphite insert. The 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 can be fired using the Full Charge 7 M4A2 charge or the M119A1 or M119A2 Charge 7/8 (the M119 cannot be used). The TNT-filled M549A1 can be fired using the M203 Charge 8S but the 155 mm HERA M549 should not be used in conjunction with this charge. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section, and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M119 cannot be used with either the 155 mm HERA M509 or M509A1. The Propelling Charge M119A1 is a single increment centrally ignited white rayon bag charge, containing approximately 9.525 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant. The central igniter consists of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The forward end contains lead foil as a decoppering agent and a ring-shaped flash reducer enabling the charge to ignite the rocket motor on the 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 projectiles. The M119A1 charge is 660 mm long. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 736.6 mm long. The M119A2 is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. The Propelling Charges M203 and M203A1 (Charge 8S) were developed primarily for use in the 155 mm M199 Cannon used with the M198 Towed Howitzer and the 155 mm M284 cannon used with the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers. However, the M203 or M203A1 charges cannot be used to fire the 155 mm HERA M509. The M203/M203A1 and 155 mm HERA M509A1 combination can, however, be used with other similar long-barrelled pieces, such as the CN79 Cannon used on the South Korean 155 mm KH179 Towed Howitzer. The M203/M203A1 is a single red bag charge encased in a tight fitting lacing jacket for strength. The bag has an igniter sewn to the base, a central core igniter extending through the centre of the charge and a flash reducer in front of the charge. The M203A1 differs from the M203 by producing cooler burning to increase barrel life, together with a reduction in blast and muzzle flash. When firing the 155 mm HERA M549A1 from the 155 mm M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers and the M198 towed howitzer, a version of the Charge, Propelling, 155 mm: M203A1 with a rigid combustible case may be used. This version of the M203A1 weighs 14.06 kg, is 768 mm long overall and contains 12.7 kg of cool-burning M31A1E1 stick propellant. The combustible case and end cap contains a talc wear-reducing additive while the contents include a further wear-reducing additive and 156 g of lead foil to act as a decoppering agent. The use of this charge results in reduced flash and muzzle blast. When fired from the 155 mm M1A2 Cannon used on the M114A2 Towed Howitzer and the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon used on the M109 self-propelled howitzer (both using M4A2 white bag Charge 7), the 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 has a muzzle velocity of 560.8 m/s and a maximum range of 19,300 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers (using M4A2 white bag Charge 7), the 155 mm HERA M549/M549A1 has a muzzle velocity of 567.5 m/s and a maximum range of 19,500 m. When using the M119A1/M119A2 charge the muzzle velocity is 678.2 m/s and the maximum range 23,500 m. When fired from the 155 mm M199 Cannon used on the M198 towed howitzer (using M4A2 white bag Charge 7), the muzzle velocity is 567.5 m/s and the maximum range 19,500 m. Using the M119A1/M119A2 charge the muzzle velocity is 678.2 m/s and maximum range 23,500 m. Using the M203 Charge 8 (M549A1 only) the muzzle velocity is 826 m/s and maximum range 30,100 m. When fired from the 155 mm M284 Cannon used on M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers ( M203 Charge 8), the 155 mm HERA M549A1 has a maximum range of 30,100 m. Giat Industries of France produce a combustible case intended for use with all NATO standard 155 mm weapons. The case consists of a skirt, a base and a cover containing Charges 6 to 9; lower charges are formed using bagged charges. Use of this case system produces a barrel life at maximum charge of 3000 EFC. The muzzle velocities produced using this combustible case system are as follows: Charge 6 - 586 m/s Charge 7 - 705 m/s Charge 8 - 810 m/s Charge 9 - 830 m/s. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore produce a unitary charge, using cloth bags, which covers Charges 6, 7, 8 and 9. Known as the C20, this charge uses M6 propellant, is 610 mm long, 160 mm in diameter and weighs 10 kg. It is anticipated that future US 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. Authorised fuzes PD M557, M739 MTSQ M582, M564 Equivalent projectiles KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 155 mm HERA M549 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with 155 mm KH179 Towed Howitzer Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 155 mm HERA M549 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 155 mm HERA M549A1 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with 155 mm KH179 Towed HowitzerRead More
POONGSAN CORPORATION
POONGSAN CORPORATION
8 mm Roth-Steyr
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
8 mm Roth-Steyr
Synonyms 8 x 18 mm; 8 mm Roth M'07 Armament Roth-Steyr M1907 pistol. Development Introduced into the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1907 together with the Roth-Steyr automatic pistol. Although officially superseded in 1912, it remained in service with the Austrian, Hungarian and Italian armies after 1918 and was used during the Second World War. After 1945 the pistols appear to have been disposed of to Yugoslavia and numbers still exist. Ammunition has not been produced in government arsenals since the 1930s, but commercial manufacture continues. Description The case is rimless, straight taper, brass and Berdan primed. The standard bullet was a 7.25 g ogival jacketed type. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.3 g; MV 315 m/sRead More
Cartridge, 90 mm: HEAT-T M431, M431A1 and
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Korea
Cartridge, 90 mm: HEAT-T M431, M431A1 and
Armament M36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3 . Development The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series was developed during the late 1960s and replaced the earlier M348 series, although stocks of the latter may still exist. Although no longer in service with the US armed forces, the 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series is still used by many other armed forces and remains in production with some nations (see below). Description The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series are all fixed rounds with the projectiles crimped into their brass cartridge cases. A plastic obturator band (normally protected by a grommet until loading) encircles the projectile just forward of the case/projectile junction. The projectile consists of a steel body, a threaded standoff spike assembly, an aluminium chamber and a fin and boom assembly. The aluminium chamber adapts the fin and boom assembly to the body and contains the base detonating fuze. The projectile nose cap contains a piezoelectric element. An M13 tracer is threaded into the base of the boom assembly. As the round is fired the propellent gases propel the fin-stabilised projectile from the body and ignite the tracer to burn for at least the first 2,280 m of the trajectory. On impact the piezoelectric fuze functions to ignite the shaped charge formed from 544 g of Composition B under a funnel-shaped liner. The resultant high-temperature metal particle jet can penetrate approximately 190 mm of steel up to an effective range of 1,000 m. The rimmed cartridge case used for the M431 series is the M114A1 (M114E1) which uses an M79 percussion primer press fitted into the base. The case filling is 3.74 kg of M30 propellant. The main differences between the M431 series rounds involve the cartridge case wear-reducing liners. The M431 does not have a cartridge liner. The M431A1 has a wax impregnated titanium dioxide liner intended to reduce barrel wear. The M431A2 also contains a titanium dioxide liner with a high melting temperature wax and a mylar barrier. The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 projectiles have a muzzle velocity of 1,204 m/s and while the maximum range is 8,138 m the maximum effective range is limited to 1,000 m. Authorised fuzes BD M509A1 Equivalent rounds ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HEAT-T M431 Description: Standard US specifications KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Ltd Type: HEAT-T M431A2 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEAT-T M431A2 Description: Standard US specifications but uses brass KM197 cartridge case SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: HEAT-T M431 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: HEAT-T ME-431 Description: Understood to be standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: HEAT-T M431 Description: Standard US specifications. Production as requiredRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 90 mm: APC-T M82
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Cartridge, 90 mm: APC-T M82
Armament M36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3 . Development The 90 mm APC-T M82 replaced the earlier 90 mm AP M77 . It was one of the rounds developed during the Second World War for the 90 mm anti-aircraft gun M1, the 90 mm T13 anti-tank gun series and the 90 mm T7/M3 series of guns used in M26 Pershing MBTs. When the M26 MBTs were phased out of service in favour of the M47 and M48 MBTs, the 90 mm APC-T M82 remained in service. It is, however, no longer deployed by the US armed forces as gun-armed M47/M48 MBTs have been removed from US service. Stocks of the 90 mm APC-T M82 are retained by other 90 mm gun M47/M48 user nations, although they are now relegated to training purposes. Description The 90 mm APC-T M82 is a fixed round with the projectile crimped into the brass cartridge case. A single gilding metal drive band encircles the projectile just forward of the case/projectile junction. The 90 mm APC-T M82 projectile is manufactured from hardened steel and has a short curved ogive. An armour-piercing cap is located over the ogive and a thin steel streamlined windshield acts as a cover for both the cap and the projectile. A small cavity inside the projectile contains an Explosive D charge weighing 140 g. The base of the cavity is enclosed by a threaded assembly consisting of a BD M68 or M68A1 fuze with a delay function and an integral red tracer which burns for a minimum of 3 seconds after firing. On impact with a target the steel windshield crumples allowing the armour-piercing cap to penetrate the target armour by kinetic energy, protecting the hardened tip of the main projectile in the process. The projectile can then enter the target interior before the high-explosive charge detonates inside. The 70:30 brass cartridge case is of the M19 type with an M28A1 or M49 percussion primer press fitted into the base. The propelling charge can vary between 3.316 and 3.656 kg of M6 propellant, depending on the required muzzle velocity. An igniter pad may be located beneath the projectile to ensure uniform ignition, although this is not always fitted. The muzzle velocity of the 90 mm APC-T M82 may vary between 790 and 851 m/s. Maximum range is 19,570 m. The 90 mm APC-T M82 can penetrate 130 mm of face-hardened armour at 450 m. Authorised fuzes BD M68 or M68A1 (integral) Equivalent rounds ITALY BD ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: APC-T M82 Description: Standard US specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 90 mm: Smoke, WP, M313 and M313C
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Cartridge, 90 mm: Smoke, WP, M313 and M313C
Armament M36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3 . Development The 90 mm Smoke, WP, M313 and M313C are used for target marking and to create screening smoke. They also have a limited incendiary effect. The main difference between the two rounds is that the M313C uses a different propellant load which reduces muzzle velocity and barrel wear. Description The 90 mm Smoke M313/M313C is a fixed round with the projectile crimped into the brass cartridge case. A single gilding metal drive band encircles the projectile just forward of the case/projectile junction. The 90 mm Smoke M313/M313C projectile consists of a hollow steel forging with a boat tailed base and a streamlined ogive. A PD or MTSQ fuze is fitted to the nose above an internal burster casing. This is a thin-walled steel tube containing an M24 burster 66 g of tetrytol and an M2 burster initiator. The burster tube extends from the fuze adaptor to the rear of the projectile cavity, forming a seal for the White Phosphorus (WP) filling which weighs 894 g. As the fuze functions the burster charge is initiated via the M2 burster initiator. The projectile casing ruptures to spread the WP contents. On contact with the air these begin to burn, creating dense white screening smoke plus flaming particles. The cartridge case used is the brass M19 or M19B1. Press fitted into the base is an M28A2, M28B2 or M49 percussion primer although the DM 141 may also be encountered. The M313 contains 3.316 kg of M6 or M15 propellant. The M313C contains 2.418 kg of M1 propellant. Authorised fuzes PD 48A3. MTSQ M501 series Equivalent rounds ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: M313 Smoke Description: Standard US specifications SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: M313 Smoke Description: Standard US specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 90 mm: Blank M394
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Cartridge, 90 mm: Blank M394
Armament M36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3 . Development The 90 mm Blank M394 is mainly used to produce battlefield sound effects for training purposes. It may also be used for saluting purposes. Many countries employ locally produced 90 mm blank charges or utilise refilled spent cases for the same purpose. Description The 90 mm Blank M394 consists of a shortened cartridge case known as the M27 (brass) or M27B1 (aluminium). The case is filled with a mixture of black powder and potassium nitrate weighing 794 g which, when ignited by a base-mounted M1A2 percussion primer, produces a loud report, smoke and flash. The charge is sealed inside the case by a polystyrene closing cup. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: M394 Blank Description: Standard US specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Mauser 27 mm ammunition
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Norway
Mauser 27 mm ammunition
Armament Mauser BK 27 × 145 mm Gun System (BK 27); Mauser MLG 27 naval gun; Mauser Drakon CIWS; Mauser UGP 27 universal gun pod . Development The Mauser BK 27 × 145 mm gun system (BK 27) was developed primarily for the MultiRole Combat Aircraft (MRCA) which later became the Tornado. Development of the gun was completed in1976, and the Mauser BK 27 is now the integral gun armament of Tornado strike aircraft in service with Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia and the UK. The Mauser BK 27 is also used on the Alpha Jet and is the gun armament of the Swedish JAS 39A Gripen (in service with Sweden and ordered by South Africa ) and the European Eurofighter (EF 2000) developed by Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. In April 2000, Eurofighter orders stood at Germany180, Italy 121, Spain 87 and the UK 232. Eurofighters destined for the RAF will not carry the BK 27 cannon. Over 3,100 BK 27 guns have been produced. The BK 27 has been selected as the weapon for the future US Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Two separate JSF designs are under development by Boeing and Lockheed-Martin. For this application the BK 27 has been modified by a team comprising Mauser, Boeing, General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems and Western Design . The latter is responsible for the linkless, case recovery ammunition handling system. Boeing acquired a licence to manufacture the BK 27 during 1998. The Mauser Drakon CIWS is a naval gun system mounting four BK 27 pattern cannon producing a combined cyclic rate of fire of 7,200 rds/min. It has yet to be adopted by any navy. The Mauser MN 27/30 GS naval gun mounting, originally intended to accommodate either the Mauser BK 27 or a MK 30 cannon, has been superseded by the MLG 27 light naval gun system. Carrying a single BK 27 cannon, it is on order to replace all existing 20 and 40 mm air defence guns and mountings operated by the German Navy. Mauser have developed the UGP 27 universal gun pod together with Aerotek of South Africa . The UGP 27 contains a single BK 27 cannon and may be used with a wide range of trainer, ground attack and fighter aircraft . All types of full calibre 27 × 145 mm ammunition used with the BK 27 and its derivatives have matching ballistics and the same overall weights and dimensions according to STANAG 3820. Mauser-Werke Oberndorf GmbH (now part of Rheinmetall DeTec) is the developer for this ammunition and remains the main contractor for the Tornado programme. Also involved with the production of the 27 × 145 mm ammunition family are BAE Systems , RO Defence, BPD Difesa e Spazio (now Simmel Difesa SpA) of Italy, and Diehl Stiftung of Germany. The UK Ministry of Defence awarded Nammo Raufoss AS of Norway a contract to develop a MultiPurpose (MP) 27 mm round for the Royal Air Force's Tornado squadrons. The result, the M90 , has qualified for service. Description The types of full calibre 27 × 145 mm ammunition fired from the Mauser 27 mm BK revolver aircraft cannon can be put into three main categories: air-to-air combat; air-to-ground combat; and training ammunition. To these can be added the Nammo Raufoss MP rounds, the APFSDS anti-missile round developed for the Drakon CIWS, the FAPDS for the MGL 27, and the proposed US JSF cannon . The cartridge case used with all rounds is of lacquered steel. It has an electrical current dependent primer in the base and contains approximately 85 g of triple base multiperforated propellant. Rounds are delivered to the revolving feed magazine on the gun in belts connected by DM 80 steel cartridge belt links. On the EF 2000 rounds are delivered to the feed mechanism linklessly. Full calibre ammunition There are three types of Mauser 27 mm full calibre HE ammunition: HE DM 21; HE DM 31 ; and the self-destruct HE-SD DM 11 . They are all designed for operations against aircraft in air-to-air combat. All have an electro-magnetic nose fuze which functions even at extremely flat impact angles. A delayed action in the fuze ensures good fragmentation after the projectile has entered the target. There are five types of AP cartridge: APHE DM 13; APHE-SD DM 23; SAPHE DM 53; and SAPHE-SD DM 43. The AP DM 43 uses a tungsten carbide penetrator to produce the armour penetration effects while zirconium in the penetrator nose and around the base provides an additional incendiary effect. The APHE DM 13 and APHE-SD DM 23 both have a mechanical delayed action base fuze, with or without a Self-Destruct (SD) element. An incendiary composition is pressed into the projectile nose to create an additional incendiary effect. Aluminium powder is added to the explosive charge which, in conjunction with the detonation cloud and atmospheric oxygen, creates additional flaming and increases the blast effect. The SAPHE DM 43 and SAPHE-SD DM 53 both have a mechanical delayed action base fuze while the projectile tip carries an incendiary charge and a zirconium sponge pellet. These SAPHE rounds are intended for use against armoured and unarmoured targets. A MultiPurpose (MP) projectile will function against a 2 mm dural plate at impact angles between 0 and 87º NATO at normal combat ranges but will not function against a 0.5 mm dural plate placed directly in front of the gun muzzle. No fuze is involved as the MP projectile relies on a drop safe pyrotechnic ignition train. When impacting against aircraft type targets the projectile will detonate approximately 300 mm inside the aircraft. Fragments are distributed in a cone with an opening angle of approximately ±20ºagainst the line of fire. Training ammunition There are four 27 mm training cartridges: TP DM 28; TP-T DM 58; TP-FRAN DM 38; and the inert DM 10 drill round. The TP-FRAN projectile body consists of an aluminium alloy body with shear lines and is filled with iron powder pellets. On impact at angles between 0 and 80º NATO no effective fragments will ricochet from the target, be it water, sand, wood, concrete or steel. This substantially reduces the ricochet risk against aircraft during practice firings. A non-ricochet TPFP-T round, developed in conjunction with Schweizerische Unternehmungun für Waffensystem, is used by German Luftwaffe at the Tornado training unit based at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico . Recocking cartridge The DM 72 is a recocking cartridge for the BK 27 gun system, intended to recock the gun in the event of a misfire. Sub-calibre ammunition An APFSDS round has been released for service with the Mauser Drakon CIWS. It consists of a long-rod tungsten alloy penetrator with high strength mechanical properties. The fin-stabilised penetrator is accelerated by a three-segment aluminium sabot instead of a slipping drive band. It has a muzzle velocity of 1,100 m/s and can destroy a sea-skimming missile with a single hit. This round may also be used with the MGL 27 light naval gun system. MGL 27 ammunition In theory, the MGL 27 light naval gun system can utilise any 27 × 145 mm round, including the APFSDS-T, but the main operational nature is expected to be a specially-developed FAPDS. It consists of a brittle tungsten alloy penetrator, ejection moulded in a plastic sabot with an integral plastic band. The penetrator is spin stabilised and released in front of the muzzle. Disintegration of the penetrator into a large number of fragments occurs even at low impact angles against thin plates and materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics, together with blast and incendiary effects. A muzzle velocity of over 1,100 m/s coupled with a low drag coefficient results in a short time of flight and increased hit probabilities. TP rounds are produced for training purposes, along with a projected TP-FP. JSF ammunition Four natures of 27 × 145 mm ammunition have been proposed for the Advanced 27 mm aircraft cannon selected for the future JSF. The cannon will have a linkless feed from left or right, and will have a case recovery capability. A range capability of 4,000 m has been specified. One of the two main operational rounds will be a HEDP developed by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems with a `smart' dual-function fuze. An API will utilise a state of the art tungsten penetrator. Two training rounds will be available, a TP and a frangible TP-F. As with other 27 × 145 mm ammunition, all rounds will be ballistically matched. Authorised fuzes See text (where applicable) Equivalent rounds ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: APHE, TP Description: Standard specifications NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: MP M90 Description: See text UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: HE, API, TP Description: Standard specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 105 mm: HERA, M548
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Cartridge, 105 mm: HERA, M548
Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Giat Industries LG1 Mk II Light Gun; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ). Description Development of the Cartridge 105 mm, HERA, M548 was initiated during the 1960s in an attempt to increase the overall range and lethality of the existing 105 mm HE M1 round. Type classification was completed in 1971. The M548 can attain a range of 15,100 m and the on-target effects are enhanced, although the introduction of the rocket motor means that accuracy at longer ranges is reduced. Production in the US has ceased as the M548 is scheduled to be supplemented and then replaced by the Cartridge, 105 mm HERA, M913 (which see). Description The 105 mm Cartridge HERA, M548 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case to allow free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow steel forging with a rocket motor assembly attached to the base. The body is filled with approximately 2.36 kg of Composition B, deep drilled beneath the fuze well to accommodate a 136 g supplementary charge of TNT pressed into an aluminium sleeve. The rocket motor assembly consists of a body with a conventional boat-tailed outline with a central extension (spike) protruding from the base. The rocket motor body has a sintered iron driving band around its upper part next to the junction where it joins the shell body, and the motor itself contains 454 g of rocket grain propellant. The base extension houses an ignition delay assembly loaded with a pyrotechnic mixture and fitted with a rocket selector cap. The 105 mm Cartridge HERA, M548 has an intermediate and an extended range capability. For intermediate ranges the M548 is fired using Charges 3 to 7 with the rocket selector cap in place. For extended ranges the projectile is fired using Charge 7 only and with the rocket selector cap removed. On firing, the propellant gases ignite the pyrotechnic delay mixture. After a fixed delay of 16 seconds the mixture ignites the rocket motor which cuts in for two seconds at a critical instant during the projectile's trajectory, using its thrust to augment the projectile velocity and thus extending the range. On impact the M548 functions in the same manner as the 105 mm HE M1, but is claimed to be significantly more effective than the older projectile. The cartridge case may be either the M14 , M14B1 or M14B4 type fitted with an M108 percussion primer. The propelling charge is the M176 using five increments (Charges 3 up to 7) of M30A1 propellant which, when combined, weigh a nominal 1.247 kg. The 105 mm Cartridge HERA, M548 has a maximum muzzle velocity of 549 m/s and maximum range is 15,100 m; this is reduced to 15,000 m when fired from the M102 howitzer. Authorised fuzes PD M557 and M739. Prox M728 (requires removal of supplementary charge) Equivalent rounds ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 105 mm HE-RAP Description: Standard US specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Shell, 155 mm, HE L15A1, L15A2 and L15A3
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
United Kingdom
Shell, 155 mm, HE L15A1, L15A2 and L15A3
Armament These projectiles can be fired from the following 155 mm self-propelled howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Soltam Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); VSEL AS90 and Braveheart ; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. These projectiles can be fired from the following towed 155 mm howitzers: FH-70 and FH-70 R; GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Soltam M-46; Otobreda 155 mm 155/39 TM; RDM 155 mm M139 and M114/39 ; SANTA BARBARA 155 mm SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114/39 ; Bofors FH-77B ; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. Development The 155 mm L15 HE projectile is one of the three projectiles developed as a result of the tripartite agreement entered into by Germany, Italy and the UK, to develop the 155 mm FH-70 Howitzer and its associated ammunition. The 155 mm HE L15 is mainly a Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) development as is the `three cartridge' charge system. The main difference between the 155 mm HE L15A1 and L15A2, is that the L15A2 has an obturator band behind the drive band, enhancing performance in worn barrels. The L15A3 has a revised drive band and obturator arrangement. There is also a L15A4 which has two nylon obturator bands to provide extra in-bore stability when fired from 52-calibre barrels. It has been proposed that as the explosive fillings of L15 series projectiles pass their safe life date, the explosive could be removed and replaced by a mixture of epoxy resin and slate dust with the same specific gravity as the original explosive. Once the fuze has been replaced by a suitable inert unit this would allow the projectiles to be fired as relatively cost-effective direct fire anti-armour munitions. Description The 155 mm HE L15A1/L15A2 is a separate loading projectile with a thin-walled, low-drag, high-fragmentation steel body. The projectile is streamlined, has a recessed base and a length-to-diameter ratio of 5.5:1. A carbon steel disc is secured at the bottom of the recessed base, while a single welded drive band is pressed into a pre-prepared groove encircling the body close to the base. The internal walls of the shell are painted with lead free primer to which a solution of TNT in xylene is added, providing the adhesive surface for the main filling. The filling is approximately 11.3 kg of RDX/TNT Type G. A circular paper tube-lined cavity is formed below the nose to receive an exploder and is normally sealed during storage by an inert composition. The exploder fits into the tube-lined cavity and consists of a sealed aluminium container filled with 150 g of pressed RDX/WX8 93/7 pellets. A lifting band around the exploder container enables it to be removed when necessary. The weight of a filled projectile can vary between 41.75 and 43.35 kg so the shell weights are differentiated into three zones which are marked on the shell body by painted squares. The main difference between the 155 mm HE L15A1 and L15A2, is that the L15A2 has an obturator band behind the drive band to enhance performance in worn barrels. The charge system used with the tripartite family of 155 mm ammunition is known colloquially as the `three cartridge' system. As its name implies the system is made up of three cartridges, the first two with a base charge and a number of increments. Cartridge 3 (Charge 8) is a unitary charge. (British designations are used here.) Cartridge 1, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 2, L2A1 consists of the Charge 1 and Charge Propellant Increment 2 combined to form Charge 2. The two weigh 1.21 kg and use SC/202 propellant. They are stitched together and should not be separated. Charge 1 L1A1 consists of a salmon pink cloth bag, containing 783 g of propellant SC/Z008 with an Igniter L19A1 containing 67 g of NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder stitched to its base. The forward part of the bag is recessed to contain the Charge Propellant Increment 2, a white cloth bag containing 311 g of propellant SC/Z008. Cartridge 2, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer Charge 7, L8A1 is made up from Charge 3 L4A1 and Charge Propellant Increments 4 to 7. Total weight is 7.55 kg. The Charge Propelling 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 3, L4A1 consists of a smoke grey cloth bag containing 1.39 kg of NO25 propellant divided into two equal bundles. The charge bag is stitched into a combustible sleeve which in turn is secured in a smoke grey main charge bag. The sleeve and main charge bag are large enough to receive the propellant increments 4 to 7 which, when assembled with Charge 3, form the Charge 7 L8A1. On the base of the main charge bag is fitted the Igniter L20A1, containing 80 g of propellant NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder. The mouth of the main charge bag is fitted with a Velcro loop and hook. The Charge Propellant Increment 4 consists of an orange cloth bag containing 529 g of NO25 propellant. The Charge Propellant Increment 5 consists of a grass green cloth bag containing 1.56 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant together with a flash inhibitor pack. This pack contains 125 g of potassium sulphate powder and is positioned in the centre of the propellant. Wrapped and secured around the front end of the propellant is 17 g of lead foil. The Charge Propellant Increment 6 consists of a dark violet cloth bag containing 2.42 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into two equal bundles, each of which has a lead foil strip wrapped and secured around its front end. The Charge Propellant Increment 7 consists of a beige cloth bag containing 1.49 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into three equal bundles, each of which has lead foil wrapped and secured around its front end. Cartridge 3 is the Charge, Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 8, L10A1 . This consists of a brown combustible main case and a pink combustible end cap. The end cap contains an Igniter, Propelling, Charge L23A1 mounted on a perforated disc. The propellant charge bundle consists of 12.48 kg of N/S 54.14 propellant sticks, tied in five places using polyester/cotton thread and incorporating lead foil positioned under the top layer of sticks. All charges are ignited by the Primer Percussion DM191A1 which contains a primary charge of 1.25 g of nitrocellulose S536. The Rheinmetall 155 mm FH-70 R has a 46 calibre barrel with an enlarged chamber which allows it to accommodate a larger Charge 9. When fired using this charge the 155 mm HE L15A1/L15A2 has a muzzle velocity of over 910 m/s and can reach a range of 30,000 m. When fired from the 155 mm FH-70 Towed Howitzer using the three cartridge system the 155 mm HE L15A1/L15A2 can attain the following range performances: Charge 2 - range 3,900 to 5,900 m Charge 3 - range 4,800 to 7,500 m Charge 4 - range 6,200 to 9,500 m Charge 5 - range 8,500 to 12,500 m Charge 6 - range 11,200 to 16,800 m Charge 7 - range 14,200 to 20,900 m Charge 8 - range 17,000 to 24,700 m. When fired from the 155 mm FH-70 Towed Howitzer the 155 mm L15A1/L15A2 has a maximum muzzle velocity of 827 m/s. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve Modular Charge Systems (MCS). The German Army has already adopted the Rheinmetall DeTec Modular Propelling Charge System (MPCS) DM 72, as have Norway and Malaysia . The United Kingdom has adopted the South African SOMCHEM M90 Bi-Modular Charge System. The matching training projectile for the 155 mm HE L15A1/L15A2 is the Shell, 155 mm, Howitzer, Inert, L17A2, although the NATO 155 mm HE M107 is often used for (relatively) low-cost firing training. The L17A1 uses an inert high-explosive substitute filling and the nose fuze well is closed by a Plug Representing Fuze (PRF) type L32. Weight is a nominal 43.55 kg. In mid-1997 the British Army had a requirement for 5,000 of these projectiles for delivery by February 1998. The Rheinmetall 155 mm DM 108 is an inert Drill projectile. Royal Ordnance, Ammunition Division, (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) developed the 155 mm RO 24-03A1 (equivalent to the L17A2) and RO 24-05A1 training projectiles as the ballistic equivalents of the 155 mm HE L15A1/L15A2. In UK service the RO 24-05A1 is known as the L19. For details see separate entry for the 155 mm RO 24-05A1. Authorised fuzes PD L106A2, L85A2, L112A1 MT L92A2 Equivalent projectiles ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm HE L15A2B1 Description: Standard specifications as text with explosive filling given as Compound B. The main change from the L15A2 is a revised drive band profile which permits firing from worn barrels. 155 mm TP L15A2B1 also produced with explosive filling replaced by an inert mixture surrounding 2 kg of black powder to provide flash, sound and smoke on impact. 155 mm TP L17A2B1, containing inert filling only, also produced Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm HE P3 Description: Similar to 155 mm HE L15A2 but constructed in two pieces, the shell body and the base/tail unit, which are connected by six pins UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: 155 mm HOW HE RO24 Description: Essentially similar to L15 projectiles but optimised for ordnance meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding. The high tensile steel walls are thinner than those of the L15 series and contain 11.7 kg of RDX/TNT. Total weight is 43.4 kg. The Shell 155 mm HOW Inert RO24-03 is a training version.Read More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Shell, 155 mm, Illuminating DM 106
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Shell, 155 mm, Illuminating DM 106
Armament This projectile can be fired from the following self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Soltam Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. This projectile can be fired from the following towed 155 mm howitzers: FH-70 and FH-70 R; GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Soltam M-46; Otobreda 155 mm 155/39 TM; RDM 155 mm M139 and M114/39 ; SANTA BARBARA 155 mm SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114/39 ; Bofors FH-77B ; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. Development The 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 projectile is one of the three 155 mm projectiles developed as a result of the tripartite agreement entered into by Germany, Italy and the UK, to develop the 155 mm FH-70 Towed Howitzer and its associated ammunition. The 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 projectile is a Rheinmetall W & M GmbH (now Rheinmetall DeTec) development while the illuminating body was developed by the Italian Simmel SpA, now Simmel Difesa SpA. Description The 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 is a separate loading, base ejection carrier shell with a high-grade forged steel body. Normally fitted with a nose-mounted mechanical time fuze, the 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 uses the same carrier shell and booster as the 155 mm Smoke DM 105 (see separate entry). The interior, however, is occupied by a steel case containing an illuminating unit, the main parachute and a secondary spin retarder, all maintained in position by a base cover secured by six shear pins; the base cover also contains a drag parachute. A primary spin retarder is fitted to the dome-shaped top of the steel case along with an ignition chain unit. In operation, the nose-mounted time fuze functions, ideally at a height of approximately 600 m above ground level, and lights the booster which, in turn, lights the ignition chain unit. The ignition chain consists of a 90 g primary charge of black powder plus a 16 g secondary black powder charge. The 90 g primary charge creates an internal pressure which causes the six slotted pins in the recessed base to shear, allowing the shell's contents to eject. The drag parachute immediately deploys along with the four fins of the primary spin retarder which flip out under centrifugal forces. This reduces the spin rate of the steel case containing the illuminating body and main parachute. The second stage of deployment then commences approximately 3.5 seconds later when a delay composition ignites the 16 g secondary black powder charge. The pressure forces off the base cover once the six shear pins rupture and the main parachute is then free to deploy, along with the secondary spin retarder. Both combine to stabilise the illuminating body which is ignited by flash from the secondary charge. The illuminating body descends at a rate of less than 5 m/s and provides a non-flickering light intensity of not less than 1.8 Mcd over a diameter of 800 m. Minimum illuminant burn time is 60 seconds. The charge system used with the tripartite family of 155 mm ammunition is known colloquially as the `three cartridge' system. As its name implies the system is made up of three cartridges, the first two with a base charge and a number of increments. Cartridge 3 (Charge 8) is a unitary charge. Cartridge 1, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 2, L2A1 consists of the Charge 1 and Charge Propellant Increment 2 combined to form Charge 2. The two weigh 1.21 kg and use SC/202 propellant. They are stitched together and should not be separated. Charge 1 L1A1 consists of a salmon pink cloth bag, containing 783 g of propellant SC/Z008 with an Igniter L19A1 containing 67 g of NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder stitched to its base. The forward part of the bag is recessed to contain the Charge Propellant Increment 2, a white cloth bag containing 311 g of propellant SC/Z008. Cartridge 2, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer Charge 7, L8A1 is made up from Charge 3 L4A1 and Charge Propellant Increments 4 to 7. Total weight is 7.55 kg. The Charge Propelling 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 3, L4A1 consists of a smoke grey cloth bag containing 1.39 kg of NO25 propellant divided into two equal bundles. The charge bag is stitched into a combustible sleeve which in turn is secured in a smoke grey main charge bag. The sleeve and main charge bag are large enough to receive the propellant increments 4 to 7 which, when assembled with Charge 3, form the Charge 7 L8A1. Fitted on the base of the main charge bag is the Igniter L20A1, containing 80 g of propellant NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder. The mouth of the main charge bag is fitted with a Velcro loop and hook. The Charge Propellant Increment 4 consists of an orange cloth bag containing 529 g of NO25 propellant. The Charge Propellant Increment 5 consists of a grass green cloth bag containing 1.56 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant together with a flash inhibitor pack. This pack contains 125 g of potassium sulphate powder and is positioned in the centre of the propellant. Wrapped and secured around the front end of the propellant is 17 g of lead foil. The Charge Propellant Increment 6 consists of a dark violet cloth bag containing 2.42 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into two equal bundles, each of which has lead foil strip wrapped and secured around its front end. The Charge Propellant Increment 7 consists of a beige cloth bag containing 1.49 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into three equal bundles, each of which has lead foil wrapped and secured around its front end. Cartridge 3 is the Charge, Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 8, L10A1 . This consists of a brown combustible main case and a pink combustible end cap. The end cap contains an Igniter, Propelling, Charge L23A1 mounted on a perforated disc. The propellant charge bundle consists of 12.48 kg of NS 54.14 propellant sticks tied in five places using polyester/cotton thread and incorporating lead foil positioned under the top layer of sticks. All charges are ignited by the Primer Percussion DM 191A1 which contains a primary charge of 1.25 g of nitrocellulose S536. When fired from the 155 mm FH-70 Towed Howitzer using the three cartridge system the 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 can reach the following ranges: Charge 2 - range 3,900 to 5,900 m Charge 3 - range 4,800 to 7,500 m Charge 4 - range 6,200 to 9,500 m Charge 5 - range 8,500 to 12,500 m Charge 6 - range 11,200 to 16,800 m Charge 7 - range 14,200 to 20,900 m Charge 8 - range 17,000 to 24,700 m. When fired from the 155 mm FH-70 Towed Howitzer the 155 mm Illuminating DM 106 has a maximum muzzle velocity of 827 m/s. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve Modular Charge Systems (MCS). Germany has already adopted the Rheinmetall DeTec Modular Propelling Charge System (MPCS) DM 72, as have Norway and Malaysia . The United Kingdom has adopted the South African SOMCHEM M90 Bi-Modular Charge System. Authorised fuzes MT L92A2 Equivalent projectiles ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm Illuminating DM 106A1 Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm Illuminating P4 Description: Similar to 155 mm Illuminating DM 106Read More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Rheinmetall DM 642 155 mm cargo shell
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
Rheinmetall DM 642 155 mm cargo shell
Armament This projectile can be fired from the following 155 mm self-propelled howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Soltam Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. This projectile can be fired from the following towed 155 mm howitzers: FH-70 and FH-70 R; GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Soltam M-46; Otobreda 155 mm 155/39 TM; RDM 155 mm M139 and M114/39 ; SANTA BARBARA 155 mm SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114/39 ; Bofors FH-77B ; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. Development The DM 642 (RB 63) 155 mm cargo shell was originally a Rheinmetall development, with some funding from the German Ministry of Defence, to produce a cargo projectile with a longer range than the 155 mm DPICM M483A1. The first test rounds were fired during 1983. The 155 mm DM 642 became a joint development with Simmel Difesa SpA (formerly BPD Difesa e Spazio) of Italy, which also marketed the DM 642. 155 mm RB 63 projectiles produced by Simmel have been known as the 155 mm IM 303 BCR, or simply BCR (Bomblets Cargo Round). Earlier versions of the DM 642 varied by having several forms of expulsion units or bomblets without a self-destruct capability. The first type was the DM 602, followed by the essentially similar DM 612 and then the DM 632 which introduced DM 1383 self-destruct bomblets. An essentially similar enhanced range projectile, the Rheinmetall 155 mm Rh 49, was developed in tandem with the RB 63 (DM 642) and involves a low-drag body combined with a Base Bleed (BB) unit ballistically matched to the US 155 mm DPICM M864 producing a maximum range of around 30,000 m; the number of DM 1383 bomblets carried is reduced to 49. Weight, unfuzed, is 46.13 kg; maximum range is 28,500 m. This extended range version is known as the DM 652. In June 1996, it was announced that Israel Military Industries Limited ( IMI ) and Rheinmetall Industrie AG (now Rheinmetall DeTec) of Ratingen, Germany, had entered into agreement concerning future co-operation in the field of artillery bomblet ammunition, including the IMI M85 dual-purpose bomblet which has a self-destruct mechanism. Both companies will combine their expertise in the development of future bomblet artillery projectiles in 155 mm calibre. Rheinmetall will also procure 155 mm projectile payloads from IMI and integrate them into its own artillery projectiles. One result of the latter agreement was the late 1996 award to Rheinmetall Industrie GmbH (now Rheinmetall DeTec) of a contract from Norway to supply an unspecified number of Base Bleed (BB) cargo rounds carrying IMI M85 dual-purpose bomblets with self-destruct mechanisms. The projectile involved is the DM 662, a development of the DM 652 configured to accommodate 49 IMI M85 bomblets. Description The 155 mm DM 642 is a separate loading base ejection carrier projectile, using a high-grade steel carrier shell (known as the DM 1396) with the cavity filled by a total of 63 DM 1383 (RH II) dual-purpose (anti-personnel/anti-armour) bomblets. An expulsion charge is located under the nose fuze well and within the streamlined ogive, while the recessed aluminium base is secured in position by shear pins. A wide copper drive band encircles the body close to the boat tailed base section. The projectile is supplied with a lifting plug. After firing the nose-mounted MTSQ DM 163 or M577 fuze will function at the selected time, ideally about 300 to 500 m above the target area. The fuze functioning ignites, via a small booster charge, the expulsion charge which creates an expansion of gases within the ogive. This pressure is transmitted downwards to the aluminium baseplate until the shear pins rupture and the baseplate falls away. The contents of the bomblet are then expelled through the base and scattered over the target area by centrifugal forces created by the spin of the carrier shell. The 155 mm DM 642 carries 63 DM 1383 bomblets arranged in a central stack of nine bomblets surrounded by a further six nine-bomblet stacks. Each DM 1383 bomblet has a steel body containing a small shaped charge and a sensitive impact fuze. The bomblets are intended to detonate on impact but if for any reason this fails to happen a self-destruct fuze will function after about 15 seconds. If both fuzes fail the bomblet fuze has a back-up safety. As they detonate, the DM 1383 bomblets create an optimum number of anti-personnel fragments and an anti-armour effect. To improve the effectiveness of the shaped charge jet the bomblets are provided with an aerodynamic brake which greatly reduces spin before impact. A nylon ribbon attached to the arming screw on the fuze is used to arm the fuze after expulsion from the projectile and also stabilises the bomblet during flight. The DM 1383 bomblet is heavier and larger than the M42/M46 bomblet used with the 155 mm DPICM M483A1 and distributes a greater number of effective fragments with increased energy. The DM 1383 bomblet weighs 290 g and has a diameter of 42 mm; length is 95 mm. The charge system used with the tripartite family of 155 mm ammunition and the RB 63 (DM 642) is known colloquially as the `three cartridge' system. As its name implies the system is made up of three cartridges, the first two with a base charge and a number of increments. Cartridge 3 (Charge 8) is a unitary charge. (UK designations are provided here.) Cartridge 1, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 2, L2A1 consists of the Charge 1 and Charge Propellant Increment 2 combined to form Charge 2. The two weigh 1.21 kg and use SC/202 propellant. They are stitched together and should not be separated. Charge 1 L1A1 consists of a salmon pink cloth bag, containing 783 g of propellant SC/Z008 with an Igniter L19A1 containing 67 g of NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder stitched to its base. The forward part of the bag is recessed to contain the Charge Propellant Increment 2, a white cloth bag containing 311 g of propellant SC/Z008. Cartridge 2, the Charge Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer Charge 7, L8A1 is made up from Charge 3 L4A1 and Charge Propellant Increments 4 to 7. Total weight is 7.55 kg. The Charge Propelling 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 3, L4A1 consists of a smoke grey cloth bag containing 1.39 kg of NO25 propellant divided into two equal bundles. The charge bag is stitched into a combustible sleeve which in turn is secured in a smoke grey main charge bag. The sleeve and main charge bag are large enough to receive the propellant increments 4 to 7 which, when assembled with Charge 3, form the Charge 7 L8A1. On the base of the main charge bag is fitted the Igniter L20A1 containing 80 g of propellant NC/200 and 18 g of G20 gunpowder. The mouth of the main charge bag is fitted with a Velcro loop and hook. The Charge Propellant Increment 4 consists of an orange cloth bag containing 529 g of NO25 propellant. The Charge Propellant Increment 5 consists of a grass green cloth bag containing 1.56 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant together with a flash inhibitor pack. This pack contains 125 g of potassium sulphate powder and is positioned in the centre of the propellant. Wrapped and secured around the front end of the propellant is 17 g of lead foil. The Charge Propellant Increment 6 consists of a dark violet cloth bag containing 2.42 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into two equal bundles, each of which has lead foil strip wrapped and secured around its front end. The Charge Propellant Increment 7 consists of a beige cloth bag containing 1.49 kg of N/S 134-040 propellant divided into three equal bundles, each of which has lead foil wrapped and secured around its front end. Cartridge 3 is the Charge, Propelling, 155 mm, Howitzer, Charge 8, L10A1 . This consists of a brown combustible main case and a pink combustible end cap. The end cap contains an Igniter, Propelling, Charge L23A1 mounted on a perforated disc. The propellant charge bundle consists of 12.48 kg of NS 54.14 propellant sticks tied in five places using polyester/cotton thread and incorporating lead foil positioned under the top layer of sticks. All charges are ignited by the Primer Percussion DM 191A1 which contains a primary charge of 1.25 g of nitrocellulose S536. Using Charge 8 the muzzle velocity of the 155 mm DM 642 is 802 m/s and maximum range 22,400 m. The maximum range of the extended range 155 mm DM 652 is 28,500 m. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve Modular Charge Systems (MCS). The German Army has already adopted the Rheinmetall DeTec Modular Propelling Charge System (MPCS) DM 72, as have Norway and Malaysia . For training purposes Rheinmetall DeTec have proposed a 155 mm Bomblet Practice Round based on the DM 1396 carrier shell for the 155 mm DM 642 DPICM but containing 24 practice bomblets which produce only smoke, flash and noise on impact, destroying the practice bomblets in the process; non-functioning practice bomblets are identifiable and can be picked up safely. The Bomblet Practice Round has the same ballistic performance as the DM 642 with a maximum range of 22,400 m when using the L10A1 or M203 propelling charge. Authorised fuzes MTSQ M577 or DM 163 Equivalent projectiles ITALY ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm BCR Description: Contains 63 dual-purpose bomblets with self-destruct devices. Projectile weight with lifting plug is 49 kgRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
7.5 × 22.5 Rmm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
7.5 × 22.5 Rmm
Synonyms 7.5 mm Swiss revolver Armament Swiss service revolvers. Development Introduced in 1882 for use with a Nagant revolver adopted by the Swiss Army. A similar cartridge, which is interchangeable, was adopted in Sweden and Norway in 1887 when they also placed a Nagant revolver in service. Although officially superseded as a first-line weapon in 1901, the Swiss revolver remained in second-line and reserve service for many years and is still widely used as a target pistol. Limited supplies of ammunition are occasionally still produced in Swiss arsenals. Description The case is rimmed, straight taper, brass and Berdan primed. The standard military loading was a 7.12 g jacketed round-nose bullet, whilst a 6.95 g lead bullet was provided for police and other official use and is still the preferred bullet for target shooting. The cartridge identical in dimensions and is fully interchangeable with 7.5mm Swedish and Norwegian revolver rounds. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.95 g; MV 320 m/s SWITZERLAND Manufacturer State arsenals Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.12 g; MV 210 m/sRead More
7.62 × 38R Nagant Revolver
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
7.62 × 38R Nagant Revolver
Synonyms 7.62 mm Soviet revolver; 7.62 mm Nagant gas seal Armament Russian/Soviet Nagant Model 1895 revolver. Development This cartridge was developed by Leon Nagant, a Belgian gunsmith, in the early 1890s to suit a gas seal revolver he had designed. The gas seal element involved moving the cylinder forward, so that the chamber about to be fired enclosed the rear of the revolver barrel and the mouth of the cartridge actually entered the barrel. On firing, the case mouth opened out to form the gas seal. This, in theory, obviated the usual leak of gas at the cylinder/barrel faces and improved velocity. The actual gain is small and scarcely warrants the mechanical complication of the design. Nevertheless, the Russian Army adopted the design in 1895 and the weapon was manufactured until 1945. Large numbers still exist in reserve stocks and paramilitary hands, and in addition there is a number of target revolvers of gas seal pattern still manufactured in Russia and the Czech Republic . Description The case is rimmed and very slightly necked. The bullet is enclosed inside the case. The necking merely serves to retain the bullet and also acts as a lead-in for the cartridge, as it is forced forward to enter the rear end of the revolver barrel. The case may be of brass or steel. The actual shape of the necking or taper at the front of the case appears to depend very much upon the ideas of the individual makers; some have a straight taper, others may be found with a slight shoulder. The standard service bullet is lead cored and nickel jacketed, with a flat tip. The bullet may be additionally retained in place by punching into the case in two opposed places. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: Jacketed, cylindro-conoidal; 6.3 g; MV 300 m/s RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer Government arsenals Type: Ball Type R: see aboveRead More
7.63 × 25 mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
7.63 × 25 mm
Synonyms 7.63 mm Mauser pistol; 0.30 Mauser; 7.62 × 25 mm; 7.62 Tokarev Armament Mauser c/96 pistol and variants; Spanish and Chinese copies of the Mauser c/96; early Bergmann, Steyr-Solothurn and Neuhausen sub-machine guns. Also Soviet, Chinese and other weapons chambered for the 7.62 mm Tokarev cartridge, which is virtually identical in almost every detail and is generally usable in any pistol or submachine gun chambered in either calibre. Development The 7.63 mm Mauser pistol cartridge was developed by the Mauser company in about 1896, and is virtually identical to the earlier Borchardt cartridge. The dimensions are very similar but the Mauser loading is more powerful. Although the Mauser pistol ceased manufacture in the early 1930s, there are several weapons still in existence which chamber this round and it is still commercially manufactured. The 7.62 × 25 mm Tokarev cartridge is essentially identical to the 7.63 × 25 mm; the existence and continued production of pistols and sub-machine guns in 7.62 × 25 mm are the primary reasons for the continued production of this cartridge. Weapons chambered for this cartridge have recently regained a degree of popularity in some East European special operations and law enforcement organisations because of the bullet's ability to penetrate most body armour, increasingly being worn by criminals. The cartridge is also regaining some popularity in the USA because of a recent influx of thousands of surplus VZ-52 pistols from the Czech republic. Description The case is rimless, bottlenecked and Berdan or Boxer primed. Manufacture took place in many countries in the past and steel-, brass-, or nickel-plated brass cases can be found. Many different types of bullet have been used in this weapon, but the military standard has always been a full metal jacketed type of 5.57 g weight. The high velocity and flat trajectory of this round, coupled with its FMJ bullet make it an excellent performer against body armour and light metal barriers. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.6 g; MV 440 m/s PORTUGAL Manufacturer INDEP Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.4 g; MV 425 m/sRead More
8 mm Lebel Revolver
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
8 mm Lebel Revolver
Synonyms 8 × 27R; 8 mm French Revolver; 8 mm Réglementaire Francaise Armament 8 mm French service revolver Modele 1892. Development This cartridge was introduced with the Mle 1892 service revolver. The calibre was chosen so that barrels could be made on 8 mm rifle barrel machinery. It remained in service until the early 1950s and was widely used by police forces. The revolver was also used in French colonies and doubtless many remain in various parts of the world. No government manufacture of ammunition takes place but commercial production continues. Description The rimmed case has a fairly distinct taper and a slight shoulder or bottleneck. The standard service bullet was a jacketed flat-nosed type, doubtless chosen in order to improve the otherwise marginal stopping power. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: 7.2 g; MV 250 m/sRead More
0.44 Smith & Wesson Russian
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
United States
0.44 Smith & Wesson Russian
Synonyms 0.44 Russian; 0.44 Short; DWM 242; GR960 Armament Suitably chambered revolvers. Development Developed in 1871, in order to improve the accuracy of the Smith & Wesson 0.44 revolver, for the Russian government. It became renowned for its accuracy and power and was placed on the commercial market in 1878. Although technically obsolete, the 0.44 S&W Russian may be safely fired in any revolver chambered either for 0.44 Special or 0.44 Magnum. Due to its light recoil, it is well suited as a practice load for either of the more powerful calibres. The cartridge has recently achieved popularity in North America for use in cowboy action-shooting competitions. Description A rimmed, brass, straight case, Berdan or Boxer primed, and sometimes with a bullet-stop cannelure in the case. The bullet is usually flat-tipped or round-nosed lead, but FMJ, spherical ball and birdshot have been used in the past. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 16 g; MV 240 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Black Hills Ammunition Company Type: Ball: Lead, FP; 13.6 g; MV 213 m/sRead More
0.455 Webley Mark VI
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
0.455 Webley Mark VI
Synonyms 0.455 Revolver Mark VI Armament Suitably chambered revolvers. Development This is the last of a series of British Army 0.455 cartridges originating in 1891. The principal differences in the various Marks related to the bullets, which began as an ogival lead, progressed through a flat-tip lead, three `Manstopper' flat-nosed types and finally settled on a full jacketed bullet in 1939. It remained in UK service until 1946 but has been produced commercially because numerous revolver makers besides Webley have produced suitable weapons. Description A rimmed, straight, brass or nickel case, Boxer or Berdan primed, with an ogival FMJ bullet. ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: Lead, ogival; 17 g; MV 260 m/sRead More
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