Name: Cartridge, 90 mm: HEAT-T M431, M431A1 and
Availability: InStock

Item Type

Item State

Type

Action

Guidance

Caliber

Weights complete round

Weights explosive

propellant 3.74 kg

Lengths complete round

Lengths cartridge case

Muzzle velocity

Max range

Max effective range

Eastern Asia

South Korea

Western Asia

Turkey

Southern Europe

Italy

Spain

<h2>Armament</h2><p>M36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3 .</p><h2>Development</h2><p>The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series was developed during the late 1960s and replaced the earlier M348 series, although stocks of the latter may still exist. Although no longer in service with the US armed forces, the 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series is still used by many other armed forces and remains in production with some nations (see below).</p><h2>Description</h2><p>The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series are all fixed rounds with the projectiles crimped into their brass cartridge cases. A plastic obturator band (normally protected by a grommet until loading) encircles the projectile just forward of the case/projectile junction. The projectile consists of a steel body, a threaded standoff spike assembly, an aluminium chamber and a fin and boom assembly. The aluminium chamber adapts the fin and boom assembly to the body and contains the base detonating fuze. The projectile nose cap contains a piezoelectric element. An M13 tracer is threaded into the base of the boom assembly. As the round is fired the propellent gases propel the fin-stabilised projectile from the body and ignite the tracer to burn for at least the first 2,280 m of the trajectory. On impact the piezoelectric fuze functions to ignite the shaped charge formed from 544 g of Composition B under a funnel-shaped liner. The resultant high-temperature metal particle jet can penetrate approximately 190 mm of steel up to an effective range of 1,000 m. The rimmed cartridge case used for the M431 series is the M114A1 (M114E1) which uses an M79 percussion primer press fitted into the base. The case filling is 3.74 kg of M30 propellant. The main differences between the M431 series rounds involve the cartridge case wear-reducing liners. The M431 does not have a cartridge liner. The M431A1 has a wax impregnated titanium dioxide liner intended to reduce barrel wear. The M431A2 also contains a titanium dioxide liner with a high melting temperature wax and a mylar barrier. The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 projectiles have a muzzle velocity of 1,204 m/s and while the maximum range is 8,138 m the maximum effective range is limited to 1,000 m.</p><h2>Authorised fuzes</h2><p>BD M509A1 Equivalent rounds ITALY</p><p>ITALY</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Simmel Difesa SpA</p><p>Type: HEAT-T M431</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><p>KOREA, SOUTH</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Korea Explosives Company Ltd</p><p>Type: HEAT-T M431A2</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Poongsan Corporation</p><p>Type: HEAT-T M431A2</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications but uses brass KM197 cartridge case</p><p>SPAIN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA</p><p>Type: HEAT-T M431</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>SANTA BARBARA SA</p><p>Type: HEAT-T ME-431</p><p>Description: Understood to be standard US specifications</p><p>TURKEY</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK )</p><p>Type: HEAT-T M431</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications. Production as required</p>

The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series are all fixed rounds with the projectiles crimped into their brass cartridge cases. A plastic obturator band (normally protected by a grommet until loading) encircles the projectile just forward of the case/projectile junction. The projectile consists of a steel body, a threaded standoff spike assembly, an aluminium chamber and a fin and boom assembly. The aluminium chamber adapts the fin and boom assembly to the body and contains the base detonating fuze. The projectile nose cap contains a piezoelectric element. An M13 tracer is threaded into the base of the boom assembly. As the round is fired the propellent gases propel the fin-stabilised projectile from the body and ignite the tracer to burn for at least the first 2,280 m of the trajectory. On impact the piezoelectric fuze functions to ignite the shaped charge formed from 544 g of Composition B under a funnel-shaped liner.

The resultant high-temperature metal particle jet can penetrate approximately 190 mm of steel up to an effective range of 1,000 m. The rimmed cartridge case used for the M431 series is the M114A1 (M114E1) which uses an M79 percussion primer press fitted into the base. The case filling is 3.74 kg of M30 propellant. The main differences between the M431 series rounds involve the cartridge case wear-reducing liners. The M431 does not have a cartridge liner. The M431A1 has a wax impregnated titanium dioxide liner intended to reduce barrel wear. The M431A2 also contains a titanium dioxide liner with a high melting temperature wax and a mylar barrier. The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 projectiles have a muzzle velocity of 1,204 m/s and while the maximum range is 8,138 m the maximum effective range is limited to 1,000 m. The 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series was developed during the late 1960s and replaced the earlier M348 series, although stocks of the latter may still exist. Although no longer in service with the US armed forces, the 90 mm HEAT-T M431 series is still used by many other armed forces and remains in production with some nations (see below). Applications include m36 Cannon on M47 series MBTs; M41 Cannon on M48 series MBTs up to (and including) M48A3.

In over a hundred years of continued operation, Simmel Difesa acquired comprehensive knowledge and expertise in the ammunition business, combining the experience of famous European players into a modern and agile company.
Today, Simmel Difesa supplies medium and large calibre ammunition to more than 40 countries worldwide.
Over the time, the company developed its know-how in all ammunition components, from propellants and explosives to metal parts and fuses. Thanks to its experience, Simmel Difesa is able to optimize the components’ integration in order to conceive first-class products.
Simmel Difesa gained a reputation as a leader in naval ammunition, and is now – after decades of successful cooperation – the preferred supplier for Oto-Melara guns. Its in-house capability to design and manufacture advanced proximity fuses led Simmel Difesa to become a world leader on the air defense ammunition market.
Equipped with a powerful and flexible manufacturing infrastructure, and benefitting from the dedication of its highly skilled workforce and a dependable supply chain, Simmel Difesa is able to quickly respond to its customers’ requirements with reliable and high-performance products.

Simmel difesa

Poongsan is the world-class ammunition manufacturer that supplies a wide range of ammunition from small to large caliber, ranging from 5.56mm cartridges to 1...

POONGSAN CORPORATION

Cartridge, 90 mm: HEAT-T M431, M431A1 and

Cartridge, 90 mm: HEAT-T M431, M431A1 and

Region

Category