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Defense Products Catalog — Page 159

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60 mm HEAT bomb FMK4 Mod 0

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

60 mm HEAT bomb FMK4 Mod 0

Armament Argentine assault mortar FMK1 Mod 0, and could probably be employed in other 60 mm mortars capable of firing in the lower register. Development By the Rio Tercero factory, to provide an anti-tank projectile for the infantry assault mortar, which is capable of being fired horizontally. Description This generally resembles the 60 mm high-explosive bomb but is longer, with a distinct parallel-sided section to the body and a conical rather than ogival nose. The nose section is hollow, and the parallel-walled section contains a conventional shaped charge initiated by a PIBD fuze with a piezoelectric element in the nose of the bomb. The tail unit is that of the HE bomb, but only two propellant increments are provided, sufficient to give an effective range of about 200 m. Although intended for short-range direct fire, there seems no reason why this bomb could not be used with a conventional charge system for indirect fire and top attack of armoured vehicles. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

81 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK6 Mod 0 High

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

81 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK6 Mod 0 High

Armament Argentine FMRT and other Brandt TDA type 81 mm mortars. Development This bomb is manufactured under licence from TDA of France and is the Brandt Model 81 GC. Description The body and tail unit are of steel and it is filled with 2 kg of TNT or Comp B. The fuze may be the Argentine FMK13 or the TDA V19P . The propelling charge consists of a primary cartridge pressed into the cartridge carrier and four secondary charges clipped around the stem of the carrier. An inert version, loaded to the correct weight, is available for practice purposes. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

81 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK13 Mod 0

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

81 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK13 Mod 0

Armament Argentine FMRT and other TDA type 81 mm mortars. Development This bomb is of French origin, originally provided for the Brandt/TDA mortars in Argentine service and since manufactured under licence. Description The body is of forged steel and the stabiliser an aluminium casting. The filling is 700 g of TNT although Composition B can be filled if desired. The fuze may be the Argentine FMK13 or the TDA V19P . The propelling charge consists of a primary cartridge screwed into the stabiliser and eight secondary charges clipped around the stabiliser tube. An inert version, loaded to the correct weight, is available for practice purposes. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

81 mm WP smoke bomb M80

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

81 mm WP smoke bomb M80

Armament Argentine FMRT and other TDA types of 81 mm mortar. Development Of French origin, originally provided for TDA mortars in Argentine service and since manufactured under licence. Description This uses the same body and tail assembly as the 81 mm HE Bomb FMK13 Mod 0 , with the same propelling charge, but differs internally. The main filling is White Phosphorus (WP) and there is a central burster tube, filled TNT, beneath the impact fuze. There is a slight weight difference and hence a small increase in maximum range. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

81 mm practice bomb M80

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

81 mm practice bomb M80

Armament Argentine FMRT and other TDA type 81 mm mortars. Development This bomb is of French origin, originally provided for the TDA mortars in Argentine service and since manufactured under licence. Description This bomb uses the same body, tail unit and propelling charge as the 81 mm WP Smoke Bomb M80 described previously, but is filled completely with inert material and carries a dummy fuze in the nose. There is no flash or smoke composition, observation of the fall of shot being entirely reliant upon the disturbance of the ground on impact. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

120 mm high-capacity HE bomb FMK1 Mod 1

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

120 mm high-capacity HE bomb FMK1 Mod 1

Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By the Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero for TDA and similar 120 mm mortars in Argentine service. Description This bomb uses a body and tail unit of steel and is of streamlined shape, with four gas check grooves at the waist. The tailboom has a primary cartridge pressed into place and up to six secondary increments in horseshoe containers, can be fitted around the boom ahead of the fins. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

120 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK2 Mod 1

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

120 mm HE/fragmentation bomb FMK2 Mod 1

Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development Manufactured by Fabrica Militar Rio tercero under licence from Thomson Brandt/TDA. Description This is based upon the Brandt Mle 44 bomb, a steel streamlined body with alloy tailboom and fins. There are four gas check grooves around the waist of the bomb. The propelling charge consists of a primary cartridge pressed into the end of the tailboom and up to seven secondary increments in horseshoe containers that fit around the tailboom. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

120 mm WP smoke bomb `H'

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

120 mm WP smoke bomb `H'

Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development Manufactured by Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero under licence from Thomson Brandt/TDA. Description Based upon the TDA Mle 44 bomb, this is generally similar to the FMK2 Mod 1 HE/fragmentation bomb described previously but is filled with White Phosphorus (WP). There is the usual central burster tube filled with Hexolite beneath the fuze. The ballistic performance is the same as that of the HE/fragmentation bomb. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Read More

FMK 28

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Armament 60 mm mortar bombs with 1.5 in fuze thread. Development No development history known but appears to be derived from the FMK 20. Description The FMK 28 is similar to the FMK 20, offering direct action or delay operation, but appears to be of a more simple construction. The delay can be set by the usual turnscrew in the side of the fuze. Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares.Read More

FMK 13

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Armament All 81 mm and 120 mm smoothbore mortars with suitable thread. Development Appears to have been derived from the French V19 series. Description A direct action impact fuze with optional delay, set by a turnscrew in the side of the fuze. In the direct action mode the striker in the nose is driven into a detonator which fires the magazine; in the delay setting the detonator flash is channelled through a delay element before reaching the magazine. Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares.Read More

FMK 20

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Armament 60 mm mortar bombs with UNF-1A thread. Development Appears to be derived from the V19 pattern. Description A turnscrew in the side of this fuze permits setting to delay or direct action modes. In direct action mode the nose striker impinges on a detonator which fires the magazine. When set to delay the detonator flash is routed through a delay element before reaching the magazine. Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares.Read More

FMK 22

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Armament 120 mm mortar illuminating bombs with suitably threaded fuze well. Development No development details known. Description The FMK 22 is an electronic time fuze with mechanically non-aligned firing train. A setting device recessed in the nose of the fuze allows setting between 2 and 99.9 seconds, in increments of 0.1 second. Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares.Read More

Ammunition for 30 mm DEFA guns

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition for 30 mm DEFA guns

Armament Giat Industries 30 mm DEFA Series 552/553 guns; Giat Industries 30 mm Series 554 gun; Giat Industries 30 mm Mle 781 (30 M 781) cannon; M230 Chain Gun. Development The French 30 mm DEFA Series 552/553 and Series 554 aircraft guns have the same design origins as the UK 30 mm Aden Guns, namely the Second World War German Mauser 213C revolver cannon. The German gun was taken as the base for what became a series of 30 mm aircraft guns, culminating in the Series 552/553 and 554 guns used in the Dassault Mirage series of strike fighters and other aircraft. Following early French cartridge design forays, international design collaboration with the UK resulted in the 30 × 113 mm B cartridge, which is nominally interchangeable between the DEFA guns and the 30 mm Aden Gun series. However, DEFA cartridges have significant priming and other differences, plus a higher muzzle velocity, which renders them incompatible with the 30 mm Aden gun counterparts. Nammo Raufoss A/S of Norway produces a 30 mm MultiPurpose (MP) round suitable for DEFA cannon. DEFA 30 mm ammunition is in production throughout the world, especially with nations receiving French defence export matèriel. More than 13,500 30 mm DEFA guns have been sold to 40 countries. The latest production model is the 30-550 F4 carried by the Mirage 2000 family. This gun has two rates of fire, 1,800 rds/min for air-to-air combat and 1,100 rds/min for air-to-surface fire missions. Description All 30 × 113 mm B DEFA rounds are fixed with the projectiles rigidly crimped to their J-type thermally treated steel cartridge cases, coated with a self-lubricating lacquer. The cartridge case has a raised belt just above the extraction rim. All projectiles have copper or gilding metal drive bands, although sintered iron may be encountered. Primers are electrical, using a special conductive compound which ensures correct powder ignition whatever the position of the round. The propellant used is approximately 50 g of a nitrocellulose-based multiperforated (19-hole) tubular propellant known as B.19.T and produced by SNPE. DEFA 30 × 113 mm B ammunition may be put into one of three groups; high-explosive, armour-piercing and practice. A further discrimination can be made between ammunition for air-to-air combat and air-to-ground use. Operating temperature limits are from -54 to +74ºC. Firing safety temperature limits are from -60 to +100ºC. Rounds are fed to the revolver loading mechanism on the Series 553/554 guns in belts using pressed steel links. The following 30 mm DEFA ammunition types are those originally produced by Matra Manurhin Defense, later known as Manurhin Defense and now part of Giat Industries. HE-I - type F 7572 Known as a `mine' (Obus Mine Explosif Incendiaire), the round in this air-to-air combat category is the 30 mm type F 7572, which utilises a cold drawn steel, thin-walled, flat-based projectile fitted with a nose-mounted MR3081 short delay fuze with muzzle and rain safety features. The projectile is filled with 50 g of high-temperature tolerant Hexal (RDX/Aluminium). The fuze has a self-destruct mechanism operating between 6 and 15 seconds after firing, using a pyrotechnic chain to time the self-destruct point. The HE-I projectile weighs 245 g, while a complete round weighs 441 g. Muzzle velocity is 810 m/s. The training round used to simulate the air-to-air HE-I is the 30 mm TP-T type F 2570. It is fitted with an inert nose plug, filled with an inert powder and matches the ballistics of the 30 mm HE-I projectiles exactly. Projectile weight is 245 g and the complete round weighs 452 g. There were two earlier versions of the HE-I round, which are no longer in production, the type F 7570 with an ML68 fuze and the HE-I type F 7571 with an MR381 fuze. HEI - type F 2270 This type of HE-I round is used in the air-to-ground role and is provided with a nose-mounted MR3001 impact fuze. At one time this round was known as an APHEI, with the AP referring to anti-personnel. It is filled with 30 g of high-temperature tolerant Hexal (RDX/Aluminium). There is no self-destruct mechanism. The HE-I projectile weighs 275 g, while the weight of a complete round is 490 g. Muzzle velocity is 775 m/s. The training round used to simulate this HE-I is the TP F 2270. It is fitted with an inert nose plug, filled with an inert substance and matches the ballistics of the air-to-ground HE-I projectile exactly. Projectile weight is 275 g and the complete round weighs 490 g. This round is no longer in series production having been replaced by the generally similar type F5272 with a high fragmentation projectile casing for anti-personnel applications. For this round the MR 3001 point detonating fuze is utilised. There are two earlier versions of air-to-ground HE-I round that are no longer in production, the OAPEI type F 5270 with an MRX70 fuze and the OAPEI type F 5271 with an MR31 fuze. SAPHEI type F 7670 Intended primarily for air-to-air combat, this round is known as the 30 mm type F 7670. It uses a thick-walled, heat-treated steel projectile with a blunt nose, covered by a light alloy windshield to retain a ballistic match with other rounds in the DEFA 30 mm family. The base of the projectile is occupied by a delayed action base fuze known as the MR3005, with an arming distance of 20 m from the muzzle and a self-destruct time between 6 and 15 seconds. When the fuze functions it detonates the explosive payload, which weighs 18 g, to create high-fragmentation effects behind the target armour. The projectile can penetrate up to 20 mm of armour. The weight of the projectile used with this round is 275 g and the weight of a complete round is 490 g. Muzzle velocity is 775 m/s. API-T - OPIT This round, no longer produced, is known as the 30 mm Mle 5970, and is intended for the air-to-ground attack of hard targets such as armoured vehicles. The projectile uses a cold drawn steel body with thin sidewalls, carrying a heat-treated special steel blunt nose slug that acts as the armour penetrator. It is capable of piercing approximately 20 mm of armour plate. The projectile nose is covered by a light alloy windshield to retain a ballistic match with the other rounds in the DEFA 30 mm family. The projectile body is filled with 20 g of an incendiary composition and a tracer element is mounted in the projectile base. The projectile used with this round weighs 275 g and the weight of a complete round is 490 g. Muzzle velocity is 765 m/s. This round is no longer in series production. TP-T - OXT This round acts as a general purpose training round for the 30 mm DEFA family. Known as the Mle F3170, it has a thick-walled steel body with an inert nose plug. The interior is hollow and empty and the base is occupied by the same tracer element assembly as that used on the 30 mm API-T (OPIT) Mle F5970. The projectile used with this round weighs 245 g and the weight of a complete round is 490 g. Muzzle velocity is 795 m/s. TP - OXL This round, the type F 2570, has an inert ballasted projectile. TP - OXAS The OXAS Practice round, the type F 2270, was developed to prevent fired training rounds ricocheting into aircraft following low-altitude flight patterns, it is also suitable for use where ground safety areas are restricted. The OXAS projectile has a steel body with a plastic nose cap that separates from the body on impact, thereby allowing the rest of the body to fragment, even at low angles of incidence. The OXAS projectile has the same ballistic characteristics as the SAPHEI combat round. The complete round weighs approximately 475 g and the projectile 275 g. MP Produced by Nammo Raufoss A/S of Norway, this 30 mm MP projectile will function reliably against a 2 mm dural plate at impact angles between 0 and 87º NATO, but will not function against a 0.5 mm dural plate in front of the gun muzzle. No fuze is involved as the MP projectile relies upon a drop safe pyrotechnic ignition train. When impacting against aircraft type targets, the projectiles will detonate approximately 300 mm within the target. The distribution of fragments is approximately 20º on each side of the line of fire; the fragments are heavy and optimised to defeat material type targets. The secondary incendiary effects will ignite JP4 and JP5 or heavy diesel oil in self-sealing tanks. Incendiary and blast effects are contained within the target. The length of the Nammo Raufoss 30 mm MP round is given as 199.88 mm and it weighs 440 g; projectile weight is 245 g. Muzzle velocity is 810 m/s. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: HE-I (EINC), HE-I-SD (EINC-AD), AP (SPEINC), TP (EJ) Description: Manufacturers are Fabrica Militar `Fray Luis Beltran' of Santa Fe. Standard specifications BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: HE-I, SAPHEI, API-T, TP Description: No longer in production but may still be retained for service. Standard specifications BRAZIL Manufacturer Companhia Brasiliera de Cartuchos Type: HE-I, API, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications EGYPT Manufacturer Maasara Company for Engineering Type: HE-I (OMEI - GMET F 7570 A/C), TP-T (OXT - F 3170 A/A), TP (OXL - F 2570 A/A) Description: Standard specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: See text Description: See text GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry SA (EBO) Type: HE-I-SD, HE-I-SD-T, TP, TP-T Description: Round weight for all types is 435 g and projectile weight 244 g. Round length is 200 mm and muzzle velocity 810 m/s Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: HE, HE-I, TP Description: Standard specifications NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: MP Description: See text SINGAPORE Manufacturer Singapore Technologies Kinetics Type: HE-I, TP Description: Standard specifications SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (pty) Ltd ( PMP ) Type: HE-I, HE-I-T, SAPHEI, APCI M1A1 , TP, TP-T Description: APCI M1A1 has a tungsten carbide core that can penetrate 50 mm of armour at 0º NATO at 200 m with strong after-penetration incendiary effects. SAPHEI stated to penetrate 25 mm of armour at 0º NATO at a range of 100 m. HE-I and HE-I-T are filled with Hexal P 30. Drive bands are sintered iron. Muzzle velocity for all types of round given as 820 m/s. Where appropriate fuze self-destruct time is given as 5 to 13 seconds. Tracing time is a minimum of 4 seconds. A reloading cartridge is also produced UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Alliant Techsystems Inc (ATK) Type: HE-I, HEDP, TP Description: See separate entry Manufacturer General Dynamics Land and Ordnance Systems Type: HEDP, TP Description: See separate entryRead More

Nammo

30 × 170 mm Oerlikon ammunition

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

30 × 170 mm Oerlikon ammunition

Armament HS 661 towed anti-aircraft gun; AMX-13 and AMX-30 twin self-propelled anti-aircraft guns; Flying Tiger (Biho) twin 30 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system ( South Korea ); SABRE twin turret fitted in prototype form to AMX-10RC , AMX-30 , Chieftain and Steyr chassis; MBT TCM 30 twin naval mounting; Oerlikon Contraves GCM series of twin naval mountings; DS 30 B naval mounting; Emerlec 30 twin naval mounting. KCB ammunition can also be fired by 30 mm L21 RARDEN guns and RARDEN ammunition can be fired from KCB series cannon. Oerlikon Contraves, including Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec, is now a member of Rheinmetall DeTec AG . Development When originally produced, the series of 30 mm automatic cannon now generally known as the Oerlikon Contraves 30 × 170 mm KCB series was designated the Hispano-Suiza HSS 831 L series. The designation was officially changed when Hispano-Suiza became part of Oerlikon Contraves AG but is often retained. The 30 mm cannon design involved was virtually a scaled-up version of the 20 mm Type KAD cannon and has been produced in several forms. Modified versions of the 30 × 170 mm Oerlikon ammunition family (with a longer 173 mm case) are used by the Oerlikon Contraves 30 mm KCA series of aircraft revolver cannon (see separate entry). Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG's KCB ammunition family was used as the basis for the 30 mm RARDEN gun ammunition family, although 30 mm KCB ammunition can be fired from L21 RARDEN guns. Description Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG 30 × 170 mm KCB rounds are fixed, with the steel projectiles rigidly fixed into the lacquered steel cartridge cases by crimping points which engage in cannelures on the projectile body. A single sintered iron drive band is used on the streamlined projectiles. The same 170.3 mm long necked cartridge cases are used for all types of round in the KCB family and are each filled with 160 g of an NC single-base propellant. A percussion primer is threaded into the base of the cartridge case. All types of projectile are ballistically matched and have a muzzle velocity of 1,080 m/s. Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG's 30 mm KCB ammunition family includes the following rounds: HE-I The HE-I projectile is a thin-walled steel shell pressed from a steel blank by a technique ensuring high fragmentation. The filling is 40 g of Hexal P30 which, when detonated, has been demonstrated to produce an average of 1,133 fragments (of which only 0.05 g is dust) in addition to the blast and incendiary effects. The projectile nose is largely occupied by an impact nose fuze originally known as the Type F-831-L3, now the KZC-L3. The rain safe fuze has a muzzle safety distance of 20 m and self-destructs the projectile after approximately 6 to 11 seconds. The fuze functions at a delayed interval after impact to maximise the blast and fragmentation effects in the target. The explosive filling also produces an incendiary effect. HE-I-T This projectile is much the same as the HE-I but the base of the projectile is occupied by a tracer element so the explosive filling is reduced to 25 g of Hexal P30. After firing, the tracer burns for an average of 4 seconds, during which time the projectile will have reached a range of approximately 2,700 m. SAPHEI The projectile for this round is manufactured from tempered steel and has relatively thick walls. As the nose of the shell is blunt, for armour penetration efficiency it is covered by a light aluminium windshield to maintain the correct aerodynamic outline. The base of the projectile is occupied by a base impact fuze, known as the BZC-L5, which functions after a short delay following an impact to detonate 20 g of Hexal P30 inside the target armour. In this way blast, fragmentation and incendiary effects are added to the target penetration. The fuze provides projectile self-destruct after 6 to 11 seconds. TP This training round is a hollow steel shell containing an inert material. The nose fuze is replaced by an aluminium plug, with an outline corresponding to operational KCB rounds. TP-T This uses exactly the same projectile as the TP but the rear of the shell is occupied by a tracer element. After firing, the tracer burns for an average of 4 seconds, during which time the projectile will have reached a range of approximately 2,700 m. Authorised fuzes Integral - see text Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: HE-I (EINC-AD), HE-I-T-SD (EINC-T-AD), AP (SPEINC), TP-T (EJT) Description: Manufacturers are Fabrica Militar `Fray Luis Beltran' of Santa Fe. Standard specifications FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: HEI, HEI-T, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications Produced by Vammas Defencetec Ltd FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HEI/SD, HEI-T/SD, TP, TP-T Description: Brass or steel cartridge cases. Operational rounds fitted with MR3002 PD fuze. Otherwise standard specifications GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry SA (EBO) Type: HE-I-SD, HE-I-SD-T, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Ammunition Corporation Type: HE-I, HE-I-T, TP-T Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEIT-SD K154, HEI-SD K155, TP-T K156, HEIT-PD K160, HEI-PD K161 Description: All these rounds are basically to standard specifications but the fuzes differ slightly (PD K515, SD K503) and arm after a distance of 18 m. SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: See text Description: See text Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: Break-Up Description: A practice round with the thin-walled plastic projectile filled with pressed iron powder which breaks up soon after leaving the muzzle. Production and sales rights taken over from NWM de Kruithoorn UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , Royal Ordnance Division Type: TP, TP-T, HE-I, HE-I-T, SAPHEI Description: Standard specificationsRead More

POONGSAN CORPORATION

Cartridge, 106 mm: HEAT, M344 and M344A1

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Cartridge, 106 mm: HEAT, M344 and M344A1

Armament M40A1 , M40A1C and M40A2 cannon. Development The 106 mm HEAT, M344 (originally the T119E11) and M344A1 were developed for use against armoured targets. These two 106 mm (actual calibre 105 mm) rounds differ in several respects, the most obvious being the types of cartridge case and propellant employed. There are also differences in the shaped charges involved. These rounds are no longer in the US inventory but are widely utilised elsewhere. Description The 106 mm HEAT M344 and M344A1 are fixed rounds with the projectiles rigidly secured to the perforated steel cartridge cases by eight equally spaced ball-point crimps. The projectile involved has two indexing buttons 180º apart on the forward bourrelet and a smooth drive band encircles the projectile just forward of the base. The HEAT M344A1 projectile has a thin-walled steel body containing a shaped charge with 1.265 kg of Composition B inside a conical copper liner; the design of the cone differs between the two types of round. The projectile nose cone adaptor carries a threaded conical cap acting as an ogive with a piezoelectric element connected by a wire to initiate the PIBD M509A1 or M509A2 fuze in the base. An aluminium chamber threaded to the projectile base supports the PIBD fuze, six folding fins and a piston assembly used to open the fins after firing. As the projectile is fired it is propelled along the barrel. The same propelling pressure builds up inside the piston assembly, so as soon as the projectile leaves the gun muzzle the piston moves to the rear to extend the six tailfins providing in-flight stabilisation. On impact with a target the piezoelectric element generates an electrical charge to initiate the PIBD fuze and detonate the projectile charge. The resultant detonation produces a high-velocity particle jet to penetrate the target armour. The M344 round uses an M93 or M93B1 perforated steel cartridge case; the M344A1 uses an M94B1 case. All types of case have an M57 percussion primer press fitted in the base; the M57 consists of a perforated steel tube containing a black powder priming charge and a brass bead. The M344 has a propelling charge of 3.67 kg of M10 propellant while the M344A1 uses M26 double-base, multiperforated granular propellant. In both instances the charge is contained in a rayon and plastic liner. The maximum effective range of both types of round is approximately 1,350 m, although the maximum possible range can be as high as 3,000 m. Muzzle velocity is 503 m/s. The M344A1 warhead can penetrate 150 mm of armour set at an angle of 60º. Authorised fuzes PIBD M509A1 or M509A2 Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Fábrica Militar Rio Tercero Type: FMK12 Mod 0 Description: Modification of M344A1 used with 105 mm Mod 1974 FMK1 Mod 1 RCL produced in Argentina . Weight is 14.7 kg with explosive weighing 1.2 kg. Muzzle velocity 514 m/s. Maximum effective range given as 2,000 m BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÍMICA Type: HEAT CTG MD1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: HEAT Description: Described as under development CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 105 mm HEAT-FS Description: This round uses a fin-stabilised projectile which is fired from the 105 mm Recoilless Rifle Type 75, a close copy of the US M40 ordnance. The round is 985 mm long and weighs 15.6 kg. The projectile weighs 7.96 kg, 1.26 kg of which is the RDX/TNT shaped charge. Muzzle velocity is 503 m/s and the warhead can penetrate 150 mm of armour set at an angle of 65º. Direct fire range is 580 m. An HE round weighing 21.6 kg and with a maximum range of 7,400 m is also available FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HEAT-T NR 160 Description: Originally produced in Belgium by PRB. Also known as the FSN 1315 C 650. Standard M344A1 specifications GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder and Cartridge Company Type: 106 I-HEAT Description: See following entry INDIA Manufacturer Indian Ordnance Factory Khamaria Jabalpur Type: 106 mm RCL HEAT Description: Similar to standard M344A1 but primer is No 13A and propellant charge is 3.61 kg of T-28. Fuze is BD 2B. Maximum range given as 3,110 m. Penetration at normal attack angle given as 600 mm ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 106 I-HEAT Description: See following entry IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: HEAT Description: Complete round weight given as 16.25 kg and fitted with PIBD M509A1 fuze. Otherwise standard US specifications IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 106 mm HEAT Description: Exact model not confirmed. May no longer be in production ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HEAT Description: Standard US specifications. Graze-fuzed HE-PFF round weighing 18.7 kg also produced; projectile weight is 9.89 kg KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: HEAT-T M344A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEAT-T M344A1 Description: Standard US specifications PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: HEAT Description: Standard M344A1 specification but explosive charge is 1.247 kg RDX/TNT and case primer is Type P-6 Manufacturer National Development Complex Type: Improved HEAT Description: Local development. Has hardened projectile tip to punch through ERA prior to the main trumpet-shaped charge penetrating between 460 and 480 mm of RHA protected by the ERA. Projectile weight 6 kg and muzzle velocity 500 m/s SPAIN Manufacturer DEFEX SA Type: HEAT M344A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: HEAT Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: HEAT M344A1 Description: Standard US specifications. Weight of complete round given as 16.416 kgRead More

Simmel difesa

Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60

Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun ( Malaysia ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 Modified (Germany); 105 mm Howitzer M56 and M18/61 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Development The Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60 was type classified in 1972, having been adapted from a 105 mm chemical agent (H or HD) M60 projectile type classified in 1958. It is intended for the production of screening and spotting smoke and has a secondary incendiary effect. Any remaining chemical agent-filled 105 mm M60 projectiles are scheduled for destruction. Chemical-filled M60 projectiles may contain 1.44 kg of H (Mustard agent) or 1.347 kg of HD (Distilled Mustard agent) in liquid form. The UK service designation for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from L119 Light Guns is Round, 105 mm, How, Smoke Bursting, WP, L42A2. Description The 105 mm Cartridge WP/Smoke M60 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case, allowing free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a welded base cover, a streamlined ogive and a single gilding metal driving band. The shell is fitted with a steel bush adaptor, which is brazed into position to provide a surface for sealing the forward end of the press-fitted burster casing; it also provides a well for the fuze. On the M60 the adaptor is machined to accept a tubular steel M5 burster casing located towards the base of the shell body; the burster charge is approximately 113 g of Tetrytol in pellet form. The shell filling consists of 1.737 kg of cast White Phosphorus (WP) although other smoke producing substances such as titanium tetrachloride have been employed. The shell normally operates on impact when the point detonating or MTSQ nose fuze initiates a small charge under the fuze and creates a flash to ignite the burster charge. The burster charge is sufficient to rupture the shell body to release the WP filling which, on contact with the atmosphere, creates a dense white smoke cloud. The 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 uses a steel burster casing for the M5 burster containing Tetrytol. The only fuze that can be accommodated is the PD M557. The M60A1 has a high-strength aluminium burster casing for the M53 burster containing Composition A5. Fuzes that can be used include the PD M557 and the MTSQ M564. The M60A2 is the same as the M60A1 but the burster is changed to the M53A1 . The cartridge case is of the M14 type. The standard M14 is manufactured using 70:30 brass but other materials have been used and may still be encountered; for example the M14B1 used copper-plated drawn steel while the M14B4 is a three-piece spiral-wrapped lacquered steel case. The base-mounted percussion primer is pressed into place and may be one of several types including the M1B1A2, M28A2 (brass), M28B2 (steel) or M1A2 . The cartridge case contains the M67 propelling charge. This consists of seven M1 dualgran propellant increments, packed in individually numbered cloth bags threaded together in numerical order on a length of silk or acrylic twine. Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The other increments are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g. Charge 6 consists of Charge 5 plus a 243.81 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 843.69 g. Charge 7 consists of Charge 6 plus a 369.89 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Total nominal charge weight is then 1.241 kg. Ballistic data for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from 105 mm M101/M101A1 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 198.1 m/s - max range 3,510 m Charge 2 - MV 216.4 m/s - max range 4,110 m Charge 3 - MV 237.7 m/s - max range 4,860 m Charge 4 - MV 266.7 m/s - max range 5,950 m Charge 5 - MV 310.9 m/s - max range 7,650 m Charge 6 - MV 376.4 m/s - max range 9,380 m Charge 7 - MV 472.4 m/s - max range 11,270 m. Ballistic data for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from 105 mm M102 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 205 m/s - max range 3,700 m Charge 2 - MV 223 m/s - max range 4,300 m Charge 3 - MV 247 m/s - max range 5,200 m Charge 4 - MV 278 m/s - max range 6,300 m Charge 5 - MV 325 m/s - max range 8,100 m Charge 6 - MV 393 m/s - max range 9,600 m Charge 7 - MV 494 m/s - max range 11,500 m. Range data for the 105 mm L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer when firing the WP/Smoke M60 is as follows: Charge 1 - range 1,800 to 3,400 m Charge 2 - range 2,100 to 4,100 m Charge 3 - range 2,600 to 4,800 m Charge 4 - range 4,100 to 6,300 m Charge 5 - range 4,200 to 7,900 m Charge 6 - range 5,000 to 9,500 m Charge 7 - range 6,200 to 11,500 m. Authorised fuzes PD M557 and M739; MTSQ M564 Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: Humoso Incendario (HINC) Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer AUSTRALIA Manufacturer Office of Defence Production Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 105 mm Smoke NR 144 Description: Standard US specifications but weight complete given as 20 kg. No longer in production but in widespread service BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÌMICA Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP CTG MD1 Description: Standard US specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 105 mm WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Issued with PD M557 fuze fitted IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 105 mm Smoke Description: Fitted with PD M55A5 or M557 fuze. Standard US specifications ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60A2 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 105 mm Smoke Description: Standard US specifications KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Issued fitted with PD M557 fuze NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP Description: Stated to be equivalent to 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 105 mm Smoke Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M557 fuze. Weight of complete round given as 19.77 kg and filled with 1.85 kg of White Phosphorus (WP) or 1.95 kg of tetryl pellets. Brass cartridge case is fitted with P-1 Mark 3 percussion primer PORTUGAL Manufacturer INDEP - Industrias Nacionais de Defesa Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP ME60A1 Description: Standard US specifications. Contains 1.75 to 1.8 kg of WP. May be fitted with PPD 440 proximity fuze Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP Description: Standard US specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Scranton Army Ammunition Plant Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP Description: Standard specifications YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60 Description: Essentially the same as WP/Smoke M60 . For 105 mm M56 and M18/61 howitzers (a modernised version of the Second World War German 105 mm leFH 18), it is fired using a seven-charge propellant system plus a Super Charge. Maximum possible muzzle velocity is 570 m/s and maximum range 13,000 m, although the normal muzzle velocity is given as 491 m/s and maximum range 11,620 m. Complete round weight given as 20.049 kg and projectile weight 15.8 kg. May no longer be in productionRead More

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Cartridge, 40 mm: L/60 HE-T

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Cartridge, 40 mm: L/60 HE-T

Armament All 40 mm L/60 Bofors Guns. Development The 40 mm L/60 HE-T is the base round for the entire Bofors 40 mm L/60 anti-aircraft gun family. It has its origins in a 1925 Swedish Navy requirement for a projectile that could virtually guarantee a `one hit, one kill' performance against aircraft targets. The original requirement was for a 20 mm projectile and gun but it was almost immediately realised that this calibre was too small to ensure the required performance. Bofors AB then proceeded to double the calibre of the projectile to 40 mm and developed an automatic gun to fire the ammunition. The result was the famous and widely used Bofors Gun, the 40 mm L/60, the prototype of which was first fired in 1930. The 40 mm L/60 was produced in huge numbers before and during the Second World War and still remains in front-line service with many armed forces (land and naval) to this day. The 40 mm L/60 ammunition has been produced on a corresponding scale. Over the years the basic 40 mm L/60 HE-T round has undergone many changes in filling, fuzing, propellant and materials but remains much the same in appearance as the original design. The following Description outlines the current Bofors AB data. For many years 40 mm L/60 HE-T ammunition was produced by LIAB (Lindesbergs Industri AB) which became part of Bofors AB. The 40 mm L/60 HE-T round is still in production and remains available from Bofors on request. Many other manufacturers produce the round on a regular basis, often referring to it as HE-I or HE-I-T. Although 40 mm L/60 HE-T rounds were made in huge quantities in the USA for many years, during and since the Second World War, they are no longer in production in that nation other than to special order. Description The 40 mm L/60 HE-T is a fixed round with a brass cartridge case and a streamlined boat-tailed projectile, the body is made of a special high-fragmentation steel. The cartridge case is crimped rigidly to the projectile by one or two 360º crimping bands; weapons using automatic feed systems or guns with increased rate of fire modifications should use double-crimped ammunition. A copper drive band (gilding metal has been used) encircles the projectile just above the cartridge case/projectile junction. Rounds are usually fed into the gun in four-round charger clips. The Bofors 40 mm L/60 HE-T projectile is filled with 92 g of Hexotonal, comprising 42 per cent TNT, 40 per cent RDX, 15 per cent aluminium powder and 3 per cent desensitiser. Many other fillings have been used, for example the US HE-T, SD, MV2 700 contains approximately 63.5 g of tetryl. The base of the projectile contains a tracer element which burns for 5 seconds after firing. The nose of the projectile may be threaded to accept fuzes with UK, US and Bofors threads. Typical Swedish fuzes for the 40 mm L/60 HE-T include the Type LI 460 PD, which functions against 2 mm dural at impact velocities as low as 350 m/s and self-destructs after 12 seconds (on some HE-T projectiles the end of the tracer burn initiates the self-destruct process). The LI 460 PD uses a UK fuze well thread. The similar LI 462 PD has Bofors threads while the LI 463 PD has US threads. All three fuzes have a tropical rain safety. The LI 465 is similar but will delay arming until the projectile has travelled 55 m. The LI 466 PD also has the arming device plus an integral post-impact device that delays detonation by 0.3 µs; The LI 473 is generally similar. The brass cartridge case, which can be reused several times if required, has a semi-rimmed base and is fitted with a percussion primer with a sinoxide detonator. Propellant loads vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but the Bofors AB HE-T uses approximately 320 g of NC 1066 single-base low-erosion propellant, producing a muzzle velocity of 860 m/s. As a further rough guide to other similar HE-T rounds, the US MK 2 or MK 3 cartridge case contains approximately 326 g of M1 propellant. This produces a muzzle velocity of 879 m/s. The training equivalent to the 40 mm L/60 HE-T is the 40 mm L/60 TP or TP-T. It has the same ballistic, weight and dimensional characteristics as the HE-T but either lacks any filling or is filled with an inert HE substitute. It is fitted with an inert or dummy PD fuze. The US 40 mm TP-T is the Cartridge, 40 mm: TP-T, M91 . Drill rounds are available, for example the US Cartridge, 40 mm: Dummy, M25. Authorised fuzes Bofors AB fuzes: PD LI 460, 462, 463, 465, 466, 473 American fuzes: PD MK 27/M3 or M3A1 , M27, M71/MK 11 or MK 11 Mod 2 Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: 40 mm FMK 3 MOD 0 ET Description: Standard specifications. TP-T FMK MOD 0 EJT also produced BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: FN 116 HE-I-T, FN 117 HE-I-T-SD Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production but may be retained in service. FN 114 TP-T also produced BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÍMICA Type: 40G HE-T CTG MD1 Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: HE-T, HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced EGYPT Manufacturer Maasara Company for Engineering Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I, HE-I-T Description: Filled with 82 g Hexal. Projectile weight 910 g. Muzzle velocity approximately 880 m/s. Fitted with PD MR 4061 or MK 27 fuze. TP and TP-T also produced GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: HE-T Description: Fitted with LI 465 PD SD fuze. Otherwise standard specifications. TP-T also produced ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HE-T, HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications. Explosive filling is TNT. TP and TP-T also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Metal Corporation Type: HE-I-T MK 2 Description: Equivalent to US MK 2. Fitted with MK 27 fuze. TP-T M19 also produced NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications. Fitted with PD No 255 Mark 4 fuze SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: HE, HE-T Description: Standard specifications SPAIN Manufacturer FAEX: Fabricaciones Extrameñas SA Type: HE-I, HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced SWEDEN Manufacturer Bofors AB Type: L/60 HE-T Description: Production as required. Standard specifications as in text. TP-T also available SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: 40 mm L/60 Break-Up Description: See separate entry UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government Arsenals Type: HEI-T MK 2 Description: No longer in production but may be widely encountered. Weight of complete round is 2.15 kg with the projectile containing 60 g of TNT. Length is 447 mm; MV 879 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE-I-T, HE-T, TP-T Description: May no longer be in production. Standard specificationsRead More

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Cartridge, 40 mm: L/60 AP-T

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Cartridge, 40 mm: L/60 AP-T

Armament All 40 mm L/60 Bofors Guns. Development The 40 mm L/60 AP-T round was originally developed just prior to or during the Second World War, providing the Bofors 40 mm L/60 anti-aircraft gun with a capability to defeat armoured land targets. It is still deployed to penetrate the protection carried by many modern strike aircraft and helicopters. Description The 40 mm L/60 AP-T round has the same ballistic properties as the 40 mm L/60 HE-T but does not carry explosive or fuze. The penetrator is made from forged hardened steel with a nose cap of cold rolled steel and it is provided with a copper drive band. The nose of the penetrator is covered by a thin steel windshield crimped onto the penetrator body, or joined to it by an adaptor to provide a smooth streamlined outline. The base of the penetrator is machined to accept a tracer element which burns for at least 4 seconds after firing. The cartridge case is crimped rigidly to the projectile by one or two 360º crimping bands; weapons using automatic feed systems or guns with increased rate of fire modifications should use double-crimped ammunition. The brass cartridge case, which can be reused several times if required, has a semi-rimmed base and is fitted with a percussion primer with a sinoxide detonator. Propellant loads vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the Bofors 40 mm L/60 AP-T uses approximately 320 g of NC 1066 single-base low-erosion propellant, producing a muzzle velocity of 860 m/s. As a further rough guide to other similar 40 mm L/60 AP-T rounds, the US M81 and M81A1 AP-T round cartridge case (the M25 or M25B1) contains approximately 295 g of M1 propellant. This produces a muzzle velocity of 875 m/s. On impact with the target the steel windshield crumples to allow the penetrator to pierce the target armour. The Bofors 40 mm L/60 AP-T can penetrate 40 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 60º at a distance of 100 to 150 m. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: 40 mm FMK 2 MOD 0 EJT Description: Standard specifications BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: FN 110 AP-T Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production but may be retained in service BRAZIL Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: AP-T Description: Standard specifications FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: AP-T Description: Standard specifications. Cartridge cases made by OY Hackman AB FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: AP-T Description: Projectile weight 888 g. Muzzle velocity approximately 880 m/s GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: AP-T Description: Standard specifications GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: AP-T Description: Standard specifications SWEDEN Manufacturer Bofors AB Type: L/60 AP-T Description: No longer in production. Standard specifications, see text UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government arsenals Type: AP-T M81 and M81A2 Description: No longer in production but may be widely encountered. Complete round weight is 2.08 kg and length 447 mm. MV 875 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: AP-T Description: May no longer be in production. Standard specificationsRead More

Cartridge, 105 mm: HE M1

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Cartridge, 105 mm: HE M1

Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun ( Malaysia ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 Modified (Germany); 105 mm Howitzer M56 and M18/61 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Development The 105 mm Cartridge HE M1 is one of the oldest serving of all modern artillery rounds, as its origins can be traced back to the Westervelt Board convened by the USA in 1919 to report on the lessons of the Great War. The advisory board recommended the development of a 105 mm howitzer, later accepted for service as the M1 in 1928. After further development the 105 mm M1 howitzer reached the M2 stage which was accepted for mass production along with an associated round, the HE M1. When the M2 howitzer was later redesignated the M101 , the HE round remained the M1. The 105 mm HE M1 served the US armed forces from 1941 onwards and is still in service with them, their latest weapon procured to fire the 105 mm HE M1 being the Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) M119A1 Towed Howitzer. The 105 mm HE M1 continues to serve with many other nations and is still widely produced, having attained the distinction of virtually becoming the `standard' 105 mm HE round. Metal parts for US 105 mm HE M1 projectiles are manufactured at the Scranton Army Ammunition Plant operated by Chamberlain Manufacturing. The UK service designation for the 105 mm HE M1 when fired from L119 Light Guns is Round, 105 mm, How, HE L41A2. The M1 (Mod) round for the USAF is made by converting standard M1 rounds under contract from the US Army Operations Support Command. In October 2001 the Army announced a requirement for the conversion of 49,998 rounds. Description The 105 mm Cartridge HE M1 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case to allow free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow high-tensile steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a welded base cover, a streamlined ogive and a single gilding metal driving band. The projectile may have either a normal or deep cavity, formed or drilled into the explosive filling beneath the fuze well to accept whatever fuze is to be employed. For example a deep cavity projectile for long intrusion fuzes may be loaded with 2.087 kg of Composition B or 1.93 kg of cast TNT, plus a supplementary charge consisting of 136 g of TNT pressed into an aluminium liner found below the nose-located fuze well. Shells have been filled with RDX/WX6 or RDX/WX8. Normal cavity projectiles are packed either with a fuze or a closing plug in place of a fuze. Deep cavity projectiles may be packed with the supplementary charge and a fuze, the supplementary charge and a closing plug, or with a closing plug only. A groundburst detonation of a 105 mm HE M1 projectile will result in a lethal area covering from 288 to 290 m 2 . The cartridge case is of the M14 type. The standard M14 is manufactured using 70:30 brass but other materials have been used and may still be encountered; for instance the M14B1 used copper-plated drawn steel while the M14B4 is a three-piece spiral wrapped lacquered steel case. The base-mounted percussion primer is pressed into place and may be one of several types including the M1B1A2, M28A2 (brass), M28B2 (steel) or M1A2 . The primers most commonly encountered are the M28A2 (containing 150 g of black powder) and the M28B2 (122.5 g). The cartridge case contains the M67 propelling charge. This consists of seven M1 dualgrain propellant increments packed in individually numbered cloth bags, threaded together in numerical order on a length of silk or acrylic twine. (Older types of charges used single-granulation M1 propellant). Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The others are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g. Charge 6 consists of Charge 5 plus a 243.81 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 843.69 g. Charge 7 consists of Charge 6 plus a 369.89 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Total nominal charge weight is then 1.241 kg. Ballistic data for the 105 mm HE M1 when fired from M101/M101A1 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 198.1 m/s - max range 3,510 m Charge 2 - MV 216.4 m/s - max range 4,110 m Charge 3 - MV 237.7 m/s - max range 4,860 m Charge 4 - MV 266.7 m/s - max range 5,950 m Charge 5 - MV 310.9 m/s - max range 7,650 m Charge 6 - MV 376.4 m/s - max range 9,380 m Charge 7 - MV 472.4 m/s - max range 11,270 m. Ballistic data for the 105 mm HE M1 when fired from M102 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 205 m/s - max range 3,700 m Charge 2 - MV 223 m/s - max range 4,300 m Charge 3 - MV 247 m/s - max range 5,200 m Charge 4 - MV 278 m/s - max range 6,300 m Charge 5 - MV 325 m/s - max range 8,100 m Charge 6 - MV 393 m/s - max range 9,600 m Charge 7 - MV 494 m/s - max range 11,500 m. Range data for the L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer when firing the 105 mm HE M1 is as follows: Charge 1 - range 1,800 to 3,400 m Charge 2 - range 2,100 to 4,100 m Charge 3 - range 2,600 to 4,800 m Charge 4 - range 4,100 to 6,300 m Charge 5 - range 4,200 to 7,900 m Charge 6 - range 5,000 to 9,500 m Charge 7 - range 6,200 to 11,500 m. The training round used most commonly as the equivalent to the 105 mm HE M1 is the Cartridge, 105 mm, TP, M67. The projectile used with this round (which is painted blue) contains 1.76 kg of an inert explosive substitute and is fitted with a dummy fuze. The complete round weighs 16.81 kg and the maximum muzzle velocity is 381 m/s. A TP-T version of the M67 has been produced. A completely inert drill round is known as the Cartridge, 105 mm: Dummy, M14 . It cannot be fired and is fitted with a PD Dummy M59 fuze. RO Defence produce Shell, 105 mm, How, Practice Flash Indicating RO 37-05 for practice firing as the equivalent of the HE M1 projectile. The RO 37-05 is hollow and uses a Flash Indicator Unit B118 in the base to produce flash and smoke for spotting purposes on impact. See separate entry for details. The M1 (Mod) round is created by reworking M1 rounds in the US Army inventory for use in USAF AC-130 gunships. The M14B4 cartridge case is removed and replaced by an M14 brass case, propellant replaced as needed after inspection and an FMU-153/B PD/delay fuze installed. Authorised fuzes The following are for use with M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers: PD - M51A5, M78 series, M439, M508 series, M535, M557, M739 MTSQ - M520 series, M500 series, M564, M582 Prox - M513 series, M728 (both require removal of the supplementary charge, if present, and cannot be fired using Charge 7), M732 The M1 (Mod) round used in AC-130 gunships employs the FMU-153/B PD/delay fuze. Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: Explosivo de Fragmentacion (EF) Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer AUSTRALIA Manufacturer Office of Defence Production Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA Manufacturer Ministry of Defence, Department of Defence Industry Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÌMICA Type: 105 mm HE M1 CTG MD1 (brass case) and MD1A1 (steel case) Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Produced with both M14 and M14B4 cartridge cases. Can be supplied fitted with PD M557 fuze CANADA Manufacturer SNC Industrial Technologies Inc (SNC TEC) Type: Cartridge 105 mm HE M1 Description: Overall, same as HE M1 but supplementary charge is 140 g of Composition A-3. Primer is M28 CHILE Manufacturer FAMAE Type: Municion de Artilleria Cal 105 mm (HE M1) Description: Standard US specifications. Supplied fitted with PD M557 or M739 fuze. A base-bleed version is reported to be under development CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 105 mm HE Description: Projectile weight given as 18.12 kg with length 789 mm. Filled with 2.31 kg of Composition B or 2.18 kg of TNT. Muzzle velocity 494 m/s. May be fitted with standard NATO fuzes. No other information available although stated to be compatible with standard NATO howitzers FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. M67 charge system also produced GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with 2.09 kg of cast TNT and issued with PD M557 fuze fitted IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 105 mm HE Description: Fitted with PD M55A5 or M557 fuze. Standard US specifications IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 105 mm HE (semi-fixed) Description: Believed to be HE M1. May no longer be in production ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Supplied fitted with PD M557 or PD M739 fuze. M67 propelling charge also produced ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 105 mm HE Description: Standard US specifications, although projectile weight given as 15 kg KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Supplied fitted with M557 fuze MALAYSIA Manufacturer SME Ordnance Sdn Bhd Type: Round 105 mm HE M1 PH Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M739 fuze. Produced for licence-produced NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun (equivalent to Royal Ordnance L119/M119A1) NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 105 mm HE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 105 mm HE M1. Extended range ERM1 also available - see separate entry PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 105 mm Howitzer HE Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M557 fuze. Complete rounds weight given as 19.07 kg and filled with 2.13 kg of TNT PORTUGAL Manufacturer Explosivos da Trafaria SA Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer INDEP - Industrias Nacionais de Defesa Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Delivered with PD M557 fuze installed but may also be encountered with PD M51A5 or M739. Also available with MTSQ M520A1 or M564. Complete round weight given as 19.02 kg filled with 2.2 kg of TNT SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with Composition B or TNT. Available with PD M557 or M739 fuzes. 105 mm ER HPER (High-Performance Extended Range) projectile also available - see separate entry Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: 105 mm Howitzer HE Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing-Hua Company Ltd Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 105 mm HE M1 Mermisi Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with 1.982 kg TNT. Offered fitted with PD M51A5 or M557 fuze or unspecified Proximity fuze. UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: Round 105 mm How HE Training L65 Description: Equivalent to the 105 mm HE M1, intended for low cost training and firing from 105 mm Light Gun L119 and M101 33 - or 34-calibre upgraded guns. It contains 2.2 kg of RDX/TNT. Maximum range when fired from the L119 using Increment 6 is 9,400 m UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Scranton Army Ammunition Plant Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Standard specifications YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: 105 mm HE M1 Description: Essentially the same as HE M1. For 105 mm M56 howitzer, from which it is fired using a seven-charge propellant system plus a Super Charge. Maximum muzzle velocity is 570 m/s and maximum range 13,000 m. May no longer be in productionRead More

Simmel difesa

Giat 105 mm HE - OE 105 F1

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Ammunition, Missiles and precision weapons

Giat 105 mm HE - OE 105 F1

Armament CN105F1 series tank guns; 105 mm 105 G2 gun; 105 mm 105 G1 gun; all 105 mm L7, Rh 105 and M68 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development The 105 mm HE OE 105 F1 is a general purpose high-explosive shell. It is stated to have a similar on-target performance to the US 105 mm HE M1, scattering fragments over a lethal radius of 15 to 20 m. The OE 105 F1 has been referred to as the OC 105 or OE Mle 60, and is sometimes designated as a Fragmentation round. This round is no longer in production. Description The 105 mm HE OE 105 F1 is a fixed round, with the projectile rigidly secured to the brass or steel cartridge case by a single crimping ring. This engages in a pronounced cannelure on the projectile just to the rear of the copper or gilding metal drive band. The projectile, sometimes referred to as the OE Mle 60, is steel and is filled with 2 kg of Hexolite 50:50. A point detonating FUI 56 fuze is threaded into the nose fuze well; the PD M51 may also be used. The round uses an Mle F2 brass or steel cartridge case (of the M148 or M150 type - length 617 mm) with a TPA electrical primer in the base. The charge is a nominal 2.4 kg of multiperforated LB-7 T-70 single-base propellant. The propellant load produces a muzzle velocity of 700 m/s. The reduced power round uses a shorter (531 mm) brass or steel cartridge case with straight sides. It uses the same propellant charge so that the resultant muzzle velocity is also 700 m/s. The 105 mm HE OE 105 F1 produces a muzzle velocity of 700 m/s and has the following ballistic characteristics: Range Time of flight Remaining velocity 1,000 m 1.54 s 601 m/s 1,500 m 2.4 s 555 m/s 2,000 m 3.34 s 512 m/s 2,500 m 4.36 s 470 m/s A practice round known as the PLPN is produced as the training equivalent for the OE 105 F1. Authorised fuzes BD FUI 56 or M51 Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: 105 mm EF Description: Standard specifications for reduced power round for 105 mm 105 G1 gun on AMX-13 FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 105 mm OE Description: See text SPAIN Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: OE 105 F2 Description: Standard specifications for full power round. Uses brass cartridge caseRead More

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