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Каталог оборонних продуктів — Сторінка 155

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81 mm practice bomb M523A1
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Belgium
81 mm practice bomb M523A1
Armament 81 mm mortars L16A1 , M252 and equivalent high-pressure types, and M1, M29A1 and equivalent medium-pressure types. Development By MECAR SA, to provide a practice bomb matched to its standard HE and WP Smoke bombs. Description This bomb is a similar shape to the M512A1 HE and M513 WP smoke bombs, with a plastic obturating ring and alloy tail unit. Most of the interior is taken up by inert material, except for a small spotting charge which, initiated by the impact fuze, provides sufficient flash and smoke for the impact to be observed. The propulsion system is the same primary and five secondaries as used with the service bombs. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
81 mm smoke (TTC) bomb M511A1
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Belgium
81 mm smoke (TTC) bomb M511A1
Development By MECAR SA. Description This is the same as the WP smoke bomb M513A1, but it is filled with titanium tetrachloride (FM) for situations where a non-phosphorus or non-incendiary smoke bomb is required. The bomb is ballistically matched to the HE bomb, uses the same firing tables and can be used as a spotting round for the HE bomb. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
81 mm HE cargo bomb LR M514A1
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Belgium
81 mm HE cargo bomb LR M514A1
Armament US M1, M29/29A1, M252 ; UK L16A1 and similar mortars. Development By MECAR SA. Description This uses a tubular steel bomb body with a plastic obturating ring close to the rear end, a tailcone and an aluminium tailboom and fins. The body contains a black powder expelling charge, actuated by a time fuze screwed into the nose and 12 dual-purpose shaped charge/fragmentation submunitions. The standard MECAR propellant system is used. At the time set on the fuze the expelling charge is ignited. This blows the tail off the bomb and ejects the submunitions that fall freely to the ground. Each has an impact fuze and depending upon the target, functions as an anti-armour or anti-personnel weapon. The shaped charge will penetrate over 60 mm of armour and the anti-personnel lethal radius is approximately 10 m. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
81 mm illuminating bomb LR M515A1
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Belgium
81 mm illuminating bomb LR M515A1
Armament US M1, M29/29A1, M252 ; UK L16A1 and similar mortars. Development By MECAR SA. Description A tubular steel bomb body with plastic obturating band at the rear end, a mechanical time fuze, a tailcone and an aluminium tail unit. It is loaded with the usual type of parachute and flare assembly and a black powder expelling charge. The propellant system is the standard MECAR system At the set time, the fuze ignites the expelling charge. This lights the flare composition and blows off the tailcone of the bomb, allowing the expelling charge to eject the parachute and flare which then descend. This bomb is ballistically matched to the 81 mm HE Cargo Bomb LR M514A1, uses the same firing table and can be used as a spotting round for the Cargo bomb. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
Cartridge, 40 mm: L/70 HE-T
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
Cartridge, 40 mm: L/70 HE-T
Armament All 40 mm L/70 Bofors Guns including: 40 mm L/70 BOFI; TRINITY; SAK 40 L/70 ; L/70 Combat Vehicle Gun (40/70 B); Otobreda Twin 40L70 Field Mounting ; Otobreda Twin 40L70 Compact naval mounting; Otobreda Twin Fast Forty naval mounting; Boeing Company Bushmaster IV. TRIDON 40 mm L/70 self-propelled air defence gun. Development The 40 mm L/70 HE-T was one of the first rounds developed by Bofors AB, for use with the Bofors 40 mm L/70 air defence gun when it was first produced in 1947. The 40 mm L/70 gun is basically a longer enhanced performance version of the earlier Bofors 40 mm L/60 and uses ammunition with a longer cartridge case (40 mm × 365 R) containing a more powerful propellant charge for the enlarged projectile. Although Bofors AB maintains a capability to manufacture 40 mm L/70 HE-T ammunition to order they regard it as having been superseded by the more versatile and effective 40 mm L/70 MPT round (see following entry). The 40 mm L/70 HE-T ammunition is widely produced outside Sweden and is often referred to as HEI or HEI-T. Bofors Explosives has developed Low Vulnerability Ammunition (LOVA) which includes LOVA propellant and insensitive components, such as igniters and boosters. LOVA elements can be applied to all 40 mm rounds in production with a view to rendering them even more invulnerable to shock and high temperatures. Description The 40 mm L/70 HE-T is a fixed round with the projectile crimped rigidly to the brass cartridge case by two 360º crimping bands. A copper drive band (cupro-nickel is also used) encircles the projectile just above the cartridge case/projectile junction. The Bofors 40 mm L/70 HE-T projectile is a hollow special steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a streamlined ogive. It is filled with 100 g of Hexotonal, comprising 42 per cent TNT, 40 per cent RDX, 15 per cent aluminium powder and 3 per cent desensitiser. Many other fillings have been used, for example cast Tritolital. The base of the projectile contains a tracer element which burns for at least 4 seconds after firing. Bofors fuzes fitted to the nose include the mechanical PD LI 472 for aircraft targets and the deeper intrusion PD LI 473, for lightly armoured ground targets. The latter incorporates an optional 0.3 µs impact delay, allowing the shell to penetrate and detonate inside the target while the PD LI 472 has an impact sensitivity against 2 mm dural at impact velocities as low as 350 m/s. Both fuzes have a delayed arming device, which prevents arming until the projectile is 55 to 60 m from the muzzle, and a mechanical self-destruct time of 12 seconds; there is also a tropical rain safety. One alternative self-destruct point detonating fuze is the DM 321 produced by Junghans Feinwerktechnik. The drawn 70:30 brass cartridge case has a semi-rimmed base and is fitted with a percussion primer with a sinoxide detonator. Propellant loads vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but the Bofors 40 mm L/70 HE-T uses approximately 485 g of a flash-reduced single-base nitrocellulose powder (NC 1066), producing a muzzle velocity of 1,005 m/s. An alternative charge is multiperforated Type M1 propellant which also produces a muzzle velocity of 1,005 m/s. The low-cost training equivalent to the 40 mm L/70 HE-T is the 40 mm L/70 TP or TP-T. This has the same ballistic, weight and dimensional characteristics as the HE-T but lacks any filling or is filled with an inert high-explosive substitute. It is fitted with an inert or dummy PD fuze or a solid nose cap. Authorised fuzes Bofors AB: PD Fz 104, LI 472 or PD LI 473 Junghans: PD DM 321 Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: FN 125 HE-I-SD, FN 123 HE-I-T-SD Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production but may be retained in service. FN 126 and FN 131 TP and FN 124 TP-T were also produced BRAZIL Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: HE-T, HCHE Description: Standard specifications. AP-T, TP-T and Spotter rounds also produced Manufacturer EMGEPROM Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications. Produced for Brazilian Navy. TP-T also produced FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: HE-T, HEI-T Description: Standard specifications. TP and TP-T also produced FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I-SD, HE-I-T-SD, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications but fitted with PD MR 4071 fuze. This fuze has a self-destruct element that will function from 6.5 to 10.5 seconds after firing GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: HE-I-T DM 31A3, HE-I-T DM 81A2 Description: DM 31A3 has DM 81A1 fuze; DM 81A2 has DM 321 fuze. TP-T DM 68 also produced GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: HE-I-T M2 Description: Fitted with PD LI 472 fuze and filled with 128 g of cast Tritolital. Propellant is multiperforated M1 INDIA Manufacturer Indian Ordnance Factories Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications but projectile filled with Tritolital. TP-T also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEIT K216 Description: Fitted with PD L1472(SD) fuze with self-destruct timed between 7 and 17 seconds. Brass case K7 filled with KNC1066 propellant ignited by KM/39SX percussion primer. Otherwise standard specifications. TP-T K217 also produced. MACEDONIA Manufacturer EUROINVEST Type: HE-T Description: Ammunition facility taken over from former Yugoslav SDPR control. Standard specifications with muzzle velocity given as 990 m/s MALAYSIA Manufacturer SME Ordnance SDN BHD Type: HEI-T DM 31A2 Description: Licenced production from Diehl-Wehrtechnik of Germany. Round weight 2.45 kg, projectile weight 950 g and muzzle velocity 955-1,015 m/s NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Type: HE-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: HE-T Description: Two types produced, one with a standard length projectile body and the other with a longer projectile body of unspecified length providing increased fragmentation SPAIN Manufacturer DEFEX SA Type: HE-T, HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: HE-T, HE-I-T Description: Propellant used is single-base GSB-121 and primer is M/39. Otherwise standard specifications. TP and TP-T (E and E-T) also produced Manufacturer SAPA Placenia Type: HE-I, HE-I-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also produced SWEDEN Manufacturer Bofors AB Type: 40 mm L/70 HE-T Description: Standard specifications, see text SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: 40 mm L/70 Break-up Description: See separate entry YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE, HE-T Description: May no longer be in production. Standard specifications. TP, TP-T, AP-T and Blank also producedЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 40 mm: L/70 PFHE
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
Cartridge, 40 mm: L/70 PFHE
Armament All 40 mm L/70 Bofors Guns including: 40 mm L/70 BOFI; TRINITY; SAK 40 L/70 ; SAK 40 L/70 Mk 3; L/70 Combat Vehicle Gun (40/70 B); Otobreda Twin 40L70 Field Mounting ; Otobreda Twin 40L70 Compact naval mounting; Otobreda Twin Fast Forty naval mounting; Boeing Company Bushmaster IV. TRIDON 40 mm L/70 self-propelled air defence gun Development The first Bofors 40 mm L/70 PFHE projectile appeared during 1975; it was first demonstrated in conjunction with the air defence system that became the Bofors 40 mm BOFI. Since then well over one million 40 mm L/70 PFHE rounds have been produced for delivery, to approximately 30 different nations, and the design is now in its second generation as the Mk 2 (since 1983). The Mk 2 differs from the original in having revised electronics and enhanced signal processing, providing an improved triggering distance against missiles. The 40 mm L/70 PFHE round was originally a joint development between Philips Electronikindustrie AB (now CelsiusTech Systems) and Bofors AB. The introduction of a proximity fuze to the projectile increases the potential target area of a head-on aircraft target by a factor of 50 and a helicopter target by a factor of 80, while the potential target area of a low-flying missile is increased by a factor of at least 350. A 40 mm L/60 PFHE round has also been produced (see separate entry). Description The 40 mm L/70 PFHE is a fixed round with a brass cartridge case. The cartridge case is crimped rigidly to the projectile by two 360º crimping bands. A copper drive band encircles the projectile just above the cartridge case/projectile junction. The 40 mm L/70 PFHE projectile uses a curved base (`duck-tailed') shell body manufactured from a special high-fragmentation steel. The explosive content is 120 g of Octol. The shell interior walls are lined with a total of 650 spherical tungsten carbide pellets, each 3 mm in diameter. The forward end of the streamlined projectile is occupied by the proximity fuze which operates on the Doppler principle. The fuze has an automatic sensitivity control, to prevent initiation by surface objects and sea or ground reflections when passing over them at the low altitudes produced by low gun-barrel elevation angles. It also has a high-sensitivity electrical impact function and an electrical self-destruct device, together with delayed arming and bore and muzzle safeties. In addition to the above the fuze also features Electronic Counter-CounterMeasure (ECCM) circuits to combat jamming. The fuze arming distance is 200 m and proximity enable range 500 m. TDA of France produces T40 EMMA M and T40 ER M proximity fuzes for use with L/70 Bofors naval guns. In the event of a proximity burst the fuze functioning causes the 120 g Octol main charge to detonate, producing a very high blast effect. The force of the detonation causes the projectile body to shatter into approximately 2,400 fragments. Of these, 650 are tungsten carbide pellets that move outwards at a velocity of between 1,000 and 1,500 m/s. Due to their shape and mass the pellets have a low drag factor and can thus inflict considerable damage on target components several metres from the burst. The curved projectile base also increases fragmentation in the event of a late burst. The projectile self-destructs after 8.5 seconds. When fired against aircraft targets the fuze triggering distance is 6.5 to 7 m. Against missiles, the distance is about 4.5 m. When firing against a target flying at an altitude of approximately 5 m the triggering distance is about 3 m. The brass cartridge case has a semi-rimmed base and is fitted with a percussion primer with a sinoxide detonator. The propellant charge is approximately 485 g of a flash-reduced, single-base nitrocellulose powder (NC 1066) producing a muzzle velocity of 1,025 m/s. Authorised fuzes Integral proximity fuze, see text Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: FN 128 PF/HE-PrF Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production but may be retained in service BRAZIL Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: PFHE Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer EMGEPROM Type: PFHE Description: Standard specifications. Produced for Brazilian Navy. FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: 40 mm × 365R PFHE Description: Standard specifications. Includes manufacture of the prefragmented projectiles. Apparently no longer in production FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: PFHE-I Description: Complete round weighs 2.5 kg with projectile weighing 885 g containing 110 g of Hexal. The fuze has a self-destruct element which functions between 7 and 10 seconds after firing. Otherwise standard specifications. TDA produces T40 EMMA M and T40 ER M proximity fuzes for use with L/70 Bofors naval guns GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: HE-T-PF M-DN51, HE-PF M-DN61, HE-T-PF M-DN71, HE-PF M-DN81 Description: These rounds are Diehl developments and do not follow Bofors AB specifications. Round weight is 2.51 kg, projectile weight 960 g and muzzle velocity 1,005 m/s. Filling weights are M-DN51 72 g, M-DN61 83 g, M-DN71 103 g and M-DN81 115 g ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: PFF Description: Explosive filling is Compound B. Complete round weight is 2.55 kg KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: PFHE K218 Description: Fitted with K585 proximity fuze with self-destruct after 7 to 10 seconds. Filled with Composition A3. Brass K7 case filled with KNC1066 propellant ignited by KM/39SX percussion primer. Otherwise standard specifications. SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Type: PFHE Description: Standard specifications SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: PFF, also known as 40 mm Upgrade Description: Standard specifications SPAIN Manufacturer DEFEX SA Type: PFHE Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: PFHE (PFF) Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer SAPA Placenia Type: PFHE Description: Standard specifications SWEDEN Manufacturer Bofors AB Type: 40 mm L/70 PFHE Description: Standard specifications, as in text YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: PFHE Description: May no longer be in production. Standard specificationsЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Ammunition for 30 mm Aden Guns
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Singapore
Ammunition for 30 mm Aden Guns
Armament All 30 mm Aden Guns; M230 Chain Gun; Boeing ASP-30 cannon. Development The Mauser MG 213C revolver cannon had a profound effect on European aircraft gun designers in the years following 1945. Development of the basic German design eventually resulted in two associated 30 mm gun designs, the British Aden Gun series and the French DEFA Series 550 weapons. Following early independent projects, shared development work between the two nations resulted in the 30 × 113 mm B cartridge which is nominally interchangeable between the Aden and DEFA series of guns. Differences between priming, propellant loads and other factors, however, render the two types of ammunition incompatible. 30 mm Aden Gun ammunition is produced in France by Giat Industries. The 30 mm Aden Gun has been in UK service for over 50 years and remains available for production for installation in aircraft such as the Jaguar and Hawk. Ammunition production totals reached over 30 million some years ago. Development of 30 mm Aden ammunition is still continuing. Nammo Raufoss AS of Norway produces a 30 mm MP round for firing from Aden cannon. Description All 30 mm Aden Gun rounds are fixed with the projectiles rigidly crimped to their J-type brass cartridge cases; lacquered steel cases have also been used. The cartridge case has a prominent raised belt just above the extraction rim. All projectiles have copper drive bands. Primers are electrical, the latest being the RD1658 (operating at 24 or 48 V). The propellant used is 46 g of single base cut tubular NRN 141 AB. Rounds are fed to the revolver loading mechanism on the Aden Gun in belts formed using pressed steel links. The 30 mm Aden Gun ammunition has been, and is still being, produced in many countries. The listing of types provided here consists of the types currently manufactured in the UK by BAE Systems , RO Defence. HE Mk 6*Z This has been the standard air-to-air and air-to-ground projectile fired from Aden Guns and used by the Royal Air Force for nearly 30 years. The projectile fired has a cold drawn steel body with a pronounced hemispherical base to maximise the internal volume for explosive filling, in this case 48 g of pour-filled Torpex. On detonation this projectile will produce approximately 950 fragments, with a high blast and incendiary effect to the extent that some manufacturers refer to this round as an HE-I. A nose-mounted 944 post impact delay fuze with a safe arming distance of 2.3 m functions after 0.0005 second and will ensure self-destruct 6 to 12 seconds after firing. The TP Mk 4Z matches the ballistics of the HE Mk 6*Z. It incorporates a unique inert insert which is claimed to make the round very cost competitive. A further TP-T Mk 1*Z was developed to meet the specific needs of the Royal Navy. It is matched to the ballistics of the HE Mk 6*Z and is fitted with a tracer which burns for approximately 6 seconds. HE-I, RO 376 The HE-I RO 376 was specifically designed for use in warm climates, the main change being the explosive charge is 26 g of Hexal as opposed to the Torpex of the HE Mk 6*Z. The design of the projectile body is also changed as the HE-I RO 376 has a machined steel body with a flat base. The new body, which weighs 171 g, produces a smaller number of fragments on detonation (approximately 570) but they are larger and more effective on target. The HE-I RO 376 retains the same 944 post impact delay fuze as the HE Mk 6*Z and the ballistics of the two rounds are essentially similar. MPT, RO 379 Also known as the 30 mm MPT-LD (MultiPurpose Tracer - Low Drag). The streamlined projectile used with this round lacks a fuze as it utilises a pyrotechnic fuze with a post impact delay function for maximum behind-armour effects. It, therefore, combines penetration, high blast and incendiary features with high fragmentation. Fuze operation is achieved down to an 80º (NATO) angle of impact on aluminium. The projectile has a flat base with an insert for a tracer element and has thick walls made from high-strength steel. The explosive filling is Hexal. This round meets the requirements of MIL-STD-1466 Safety Criteria and Qualification Requirements for Pyrotechnically Initiated Ammunition (PIA). MP Produced by Nammo Raufoss AS of Norway, this 30 mm MP projectile will function reliably against a 2 mm dural plate at impact angles between 0 and 87º NATO but will not function against a 0.5 mm dural plate in front of the gun muzzle. No fuze is involved as the MP projectile relies upon a drop safe pyrotechnic ignition train. When impacting against aircraft type targets the projectiles will detonate approximately 300 mm within the aircraft. The distribution of fragments is approximately 20º on each side of the line of fire; the fragments are heavy and optimised to defeat material type targets. The secondary incendiary effects will ignite JP4 and JP5 or heavy diesel oil in self-sealing tanks. Incendiary and blast effects are contained within the target. The tracer element is also designed to act as a partial base bleed to reduce the projectile's base drag. The length of the Nammo Raufoss 30 mm MP round is given as 197.2 mm and it weighs 500 g; projectile weight is 225 g. Muzzle velocity is 730 m/s. AP Mk 1*Z This armour-piercing round is no longer produced by RO Defence but may still be encountered. It uses a flat-based projectile with a two-part body assembly protected by a light metal windshield over the nose. The two halves of the body are threaded together and contain a heavy metal penetrator core capable of entering up to 25 mm of armour. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: HE-I, HE-I-SD, AP-HE-I-SD, TP Description: No longer produced but may still be retained in service with some nations. Standard specifications FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: HEI, HEI-SD, HEI-T, SAPHEI, APHC, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications. Produced by Vammas Defencetec Ltd FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I, TP Description: Standard specifications. HEI fitted with MR 3001 PD fuze. Other natures such as AP-T no longer in series production INDIA Manufacturer Indian Ordnance Factories Type: HE Description: Produced at Ordnance Factory Khamaria, Jabalpur as 'Upgrade' for Aden Guns. Weight of complete round 432 ±20 g and projectile 219 ±3 g. Muzzle velocity 780.8 m/s NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: MP Description: See text SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Pte Ltd Type: HE-I, SAPHEI, EP (TP) Description: HE-I and SAPHEI both have Hexal fillings. The base-fuzed SAPHEI has a muzzle velocity of 765 m/s and can penetrate 15 mm of armour plate at normal impact angles UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: HE, HE-I, MP-T, TP, TP-T Description: See textЧитати далі
Nammo
Nammo
FN 5.7 × 28 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
United States
FN 5.7 × 28 mm
Synonyms 5.7 mm P90; FN SS190 5.7 mm Armament FN HERSTAL P90 personal weapon and associated Five SeveN pistol. Development Developed in the mid-1980s for the P90 personal weapon. The intention was that it should replace the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge with something having better penetrative ability at short range. The bullet will penetrate a standard M1 steel helmet at 150 m range and 48 layers of Kevlar at over 50 m. The stopping power is claimed to be three times that of the 9 mm Parabellum; the bullet does not fragment but gives up its energy very rapidly on impact. This ammunition is also manufactured in the US by Winchester-Olin. Description The case is rimless, bottlenecked, steel and Berdan primed. The streamlined bullet is composed of a steel and aluminium core within a steel jacket. The Ball SS190 projectile can penetrate body armour (48 layers of Kevlar BS 1500) or a Kevlar helmet at more than 150 m. BELGIUM Manufacturer FN Herstal SA Type: Ball SS190: FMJ; 2.02 g; MV (P90) 715 m/s, (pistol) 650 m/s Tracer L191: FMJ; red trace; 2.02 g; MV (P90) 715 m/s, (pistol) 650 m/s. Tracer burns from 20-200 m Subsonic Sb193: FMJ; 3.6 g; 300 m/s Blank: Brass case, star crimp UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Winchester- Olin Type: Ball SS190: FMJ; 2.02 g; MV (P90) 715 m/s (5-7 Pistol) 650 m/s Tracer: FMJ, Red trace; 2.02 g; MV (P90) 715 m/s, (5-7 Pistol) 650 m/s. Burn is from 20-200 mЧитати далі
Ammunition for Cockerill and ENGESA 90 mm guns
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Brazil
Ammunition for Cockerill and ENGESA 90 mm guns
Armament Cockerill Mk II, III and III MA1 guns; ENGESA EC-90 guns. Development The development of the first Cockerill 90 mm light gun system began during 1974. The first production gun, the Mk 1, was replaced by the Mk II which had a revised recoil mechanism. The Mk II was eventually joined by the Mk III which uses a triple-baffle muzzle brake, as opposed to the MECAR devised Mk III MA1 which has a single-baffle muzzle brake to enable the gun to fire an APFSDS-T round. The latter features were available as an enhancement for existing Mk II and III Cockerill Guns. Over 2,000 Cockerill Guns were produced for service throughout the world. Licensed production of the Cockerill Mk II was undertaken in Brazil by ENGESA Engenheiros Espacializados SA. The resultant gun, the EC-90, was further developed by ENGESA with revised recoil lengths. It is fitted to many Brazilian produced armoured vehicles such as the EE-9 Cascavel reconnaissance vehicle, the EE-11 Urutu APC and the X1A2 light tank. This gun is no longer produced. The 90 mm ammunition for the Cockerill Guns is produced by: MECAR SA, Belgium; ENGEQUÍMICA, Brazil ; BAE Systems , RO Defence, UK; and Giat Industries, France. During 1994, MECAR SA released its modernised range of 90 mm ammunition, denoted by the suffix A1. This included the introduction of two independent in-bore safeties on the HEAT-T, HE-T, SMK(WP)-T and HESH-T; well over 100,000 rounds have been produced. MECAR SA now produces only A1 standard rounds. In late 1990, Royal Ordnance plc (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) signed an agreement with Cockerill Mechanical Industries, of Belgium, to become the sole authorised manufacturers of 90 mm Cockerill Gun Mk III ammunition. The 90 mm rounds for the Cockerill Gun Mk III, were originally developed by PRB SA of Belgium in co-operation with Cockerill Mechanical Industries (CMI). After qualification by CMI, 90 mm ammunition was produced by PRB SA but, following the demise of that concern, production is now undertaken by Giat Industries of France. Significant stocks of PRB produced 90 mm Cockerill Gun ammunition remain with many users so a checklist of PRB designations is provided in the text, the same designations being used by Giat Industries' products. Description All rounds for the 90 mm Mk II and III Cockerill Guns are fixed with the finned steel projectiles, crimped into their cartridge cases by a 360º crimping ring. The drive bands are gilding metal or copper. Cartridge cases produced by MECAR SA are brass. In all cases, other than the MECAR 90 mm APFSDS-T M652, a cool burning single-base propellant is used along with a percussion primer. The projectiles all have fin assemblies for in-flight stabilisation with each fin assembly having four fixed T-shaped fins. The 90 mm rounds are provided with special graze action fuzes with two independent safeties which comply with MIL-STD-1316. These fuzes function at very small impact angles, for example as small as 2º incidence, and a tail-mounted tracer element that burns for 4 seconds after firing. In all cases the fuze muzzle safety distance is a minimum of 25 m. A full listing of 90 mm rounds for the Mk II and III Cockerill Guns follows. HE-T MECAR M616A1. Intended for general purpose blast and fragmentation, this round has a steel projectile filled with 1.02 kg of Composition B. The round is fitted with a nose-mounted double safety fuze which complies with MIL-STD-1316. This fuze has a switch which can be set by the firer at PD or Delay. Fired at a muzzle velocity of 700 m/s, the projectile has an operational range of 800 m and a maximum effective range of 2,200 m. The MECAR training round equivalent to the 90 mm HE-T M616A1 is the HE-T (PRAC) M638. The RO Defence equivalent to this HE-T is the 90 mm HE-T RO 924, which weighs 8.5 kg, and the projectile is filled with TNT/HNS. The round length is 631 mm while maximum effective range is 2,200 m. RO Defence also produced a 90 mm HE-APERS RO 925 round, with which fragmentation of the TNT filled projectile is augmented by the inclusion of a prenotched internal fragmentation sleeve combined with a fast reaction percussion fuze. This round has a maximum effective range of 6,000 m using indirect fire techniques. The HE-APERS RO 925 round weighs 11 kg and is 675 mm long. Muzzle velocity is 330 m/s. This round is no longer marketed. The 90 mm HE-T round produced by Giat Industries weighs 8.5 kg and is 631.5 mm long. Projectile weight is 5.1 kg and propellant weight 1 kg. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for the 90 mm HE-T round is HE-T NR501. The PRB equivalent to the HE-T (PRAC) was the HE-TP-T NR558. SMK(WP)-T MECAR M618A1. Intended to produce smoke for screening, target marking, signalling or incendiary purposes this round contains 1.12 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). The nose-mounted fuze involved is a special double safety fuze (complying with MIL-STD-1316) which ignites an internal burster charge to disperse the smoke producing WP. The ballistics of this round the same as the 90 mm HE-T M616A1. The range is 800 mm and maximum effective range 2,000 m. The MECAR training round equivalent to the 90 mm SMK(WP)-T M618A1 is the HE-T (PRAC) M638A1. RO Defence produces the 90 mm Smoke-WP-T RO 932 round weighing 8.5 kg. Round length is 631 mm and muzzle velocity 695 m/s. Maximum effective range is 2,200 m. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for the Smoke WP round is Smoke-WP-T NR502. The PRB equivalent to the MECAR training round HE-T (PRAC) was the HE-TP-T NR558. This round is no longer in series production by Giat Industries. HEAT-T MECAR M620A1. This round is intended primarily for use against armoured targets and has a metal lined shaped charge, containing 510 g of Composition A-3 (RDX/Wax 91/9) which can penetrate 300 mm of RHA or 1 m of concrete. Muzzle velocity is 900 m/s. The operational range is 1,000 m and maximum effective range is 1,500 m. The MECAR training round equivalent to the 90 mm HEAT-T M620A1 is the HEAT-TP-T M623A1. RO Defence produces the 90 mm HEAT-T RO 907. This round has a 2 kg 60:40 RDX/TNT shaped warhead lined with a copper cone and is 645 mm in length. Round weight is 7.3 kg and muzzle velocity 896 m/s. Maximum effective range is 1,500 m. Royal Ordnance have produced the 90 mm HEAT-TP-T RO 940, a low-cost training round which can be used as a multipurpose training round for the entire Royal Ordnance 90 mm ammunition suite. The 90 mm HEAT-T round produced by Giat Industries weighs 7.7 kg and is 630 mm long. Projectile weight is 4.1 kg and propellant weight 1.2 kg. A matching HEAT-TP-T round is also produced. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for the HEAT-T round is HEAT-T NR478. The PRB/Giat Industries equivalent to the HEAT-T (PRAC) is the HEAT-TP-T NR479. CNT MECAR M621A1. The abbreviation CNT stands for Canister and, as with other rounds of its type, it is a short-range anti-personnel `shotgun' round containing 1,300 lead spheres, each 8.5 mm in diameter and having a total weight of 5.1 kg. The spheres are contained in a blunt-nosed light steel sheet cylindrical casing with longitudinal grooves in the sides. On firing, a combination of centrifugal and aerodynamic forces cause the casing to split open along the longitudinal grooves and disperse the lead spheres forward in an 18º cone, to a maximum operational range of 200 m. At that range the cone will be 9 m wide. Initial muzzle velocity is 700 m/s. RO Defence produce the 90 mm Canister RO 933 which fires 1,200 metal spheres to a maximum effective range of 220 m and a muzzle velocity of 200 m/s. The RO 933 round weighs 6.4 kg and is 352 mm long. ENGEQUÍMICA of Brazil produces its own design of 90 mm Canister round which is stated to have a muzzle velocity of 600 m/s and a maximum operational range of 700 m. The designation is 90G shrapnel. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for this type of round is Canister NR125. This round is no longer in series production by Giat Industries. HESH-T MECAR M625A1. This round is intended for use against armoured targets, although it is also effective against concrete bunkers and structures. It has a round-nosed thin-walled steel projectile containing 1.3 kg of Composition A-3 (RDX/Wax 91/9). On contact with a target the thin steel projectile walls collapse to spread the explosive filling in a `plaster' across the target surface before the delayed action BD/Graze fuze functions to detonate the filling. The resultant detonation forces and blast are then directed over the target surface and transmitted through the target material. When used against RHA, the resultant forces are sufficient to create severe internal spalling effects, usually in the form of a fragment weighing approximately 5 kg which travels at a high velocity inside the target. The muzzle velocity of this round is 750 m/s and operational range 800 m. The MECAR training round equivalent to the 90 mm HESH-T M625A1 is the HESH-TP-T M655A1. RO Defence produces the fin-stabilised 90 mm HESH-T RO 929, described as a multifunction round with an 2.4 kg Composition B warhead. Weight is 7.7 kg and round length 591 mm. Muzzle velocity is 790 m/s and maximum effective range 1,200 m. The 90 mm HESH-T round produced by Giat Industries weighs 7.5 kg and is 591 mm long. Projectile weight is 4.3 kg and propellant weight 1.15 kg. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for this type of round is HESH-T NR503. APFSDS-T MECAR M652A1. This round is used only with the Cockerill Mk III MA1 gun which has a single-baffle muzzle brake. It has a 2.5 kg projectile assembly carrying a monobloc tungsten alloy long rod penetrator. The penetrator is 426 mm long, contained in a three-piece aluminium discarding sabot. It is held in place by a plastic band at the forward end and a plastic obturating band toward the sabot case. A tracer element, which burns for 4 seconds after firing, is located in the penetrator fin assembly. The projectile assembly is crimped to the cartridge case which is filled with 1.8 kg of loose, cool burning, multiperforated propellant. The muzzle velocity is approximately 1,200 m/s and the penetrator can pierce 100 mm of armour set at an angle of 60º, at combat ranges of 1,500 m. Penetrator time of flight to 1,500 m is less than 1.4 seconds. The effective range is more than 1,500 m and accuracy error less than 0.3 mil. The effective operational range of the M652A1 is more than 1,500 m. The equivalent MECAR training round to the 90 mm APFSDS-T M652A1 is the 90 mm TPFSDS-T M663. It has the same external ballistics as the APFSDS-T M652A1 but the penetrator rod is steel. ENGEQUÍMICA of Brazil also developed a 90 mm APFSDS-T round which has been in production since 1988. The penetrator length-to-diameter ratio is 17:1 with a penetrator diameter of 22 mm. Penetrator weight is 2.06 kg and projectile weight (with sabot) is 3.225 kg. Muzzle velocity is 1,150 m/s. It is stated that this round can penetrate a NATO medium tank target at a range of 1,100 m; effective range is up to 3,000 m and accuracy 0.6 mil at 1,000 m. The RO Defence 90 mm APFSDS round is the RO 964. It has a muzzle velocity of 1,080 m/s and the complete round weighs 6.3 kg. It was designed to defeat 130 mm of RHA at 1,000 m. The PRB or Giat Industries designation for their APFSDS-T round was the NR232; it is no longer available. Training devices MECAR SA produces a special subcalibre training device for use with the 90 mm Cockerill Mk II and III guns, known as the TD-20-90 M640. It consists of a one-piece training device resembling a complete 90 mm round with a 20 mm 12-groove right-hand twist barrel running along the centre length of the device. A special 20 mm Target Practice round, the TP-20-90 M634, is hand loaded into a breech in the base of the device which is loaded and fired as if it were a conventional piece of 90 mm ammunition. The 20 mm projectile can be fired to normal combat ranges. The barrel of the TD-20-90 has a life of several thousand rounds. The device is 700 mm long and weighs 7.3 kg. Muzzle velocity of the 20 mm projectile is 750 m/s. It is fired using a percussion primer initiated by the gun's normal firing mechanism. The TP-20-90 round is 185 mm long and weighs 190 g. It has a tracer which burns for 4 seconds. CMI (Cockerill Mechanical Industries) markets another subcalibre barrel insert training device based on the use of special Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec 20 mm TP-T ammunition. The 85-calibre barrel insert occupies the entire length of the barrel and is loaded through the normal breech block. The firing range of 800 to 1,000 m is the same ballistically as for full-calibre ammunition. The TP-T cartridge, the ULA 226 TPT is 203.5 mm long and weighs 320 to 340 g. Dynamit Nobel also offer a subcalibre training device for 90 mm Mk III guns, this time a 14.5 mm device with a training range of 100 m to allow small training areas to be utilised. The 28-calibre single-shot device is inserted into the open breech of the gun and is loaded with 51 mm long cartridges weighing approximately 70 g. The TP-T cartridges simulate the full calibre HEAT-T and HESH-T projectiles and are fired with a muzzle velocity of 150 m/s to a training range of 100 m. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: See text Description: See text and specifications BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÍMICA Type: HE-T, HEAT-T, HEAT-TP-T, HESH-T, Smoke (WP)-T, APFSDS-T, Canister Description: Standard specifications - see text Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: HE-T, HEAT-T, HEAT-TP-T, APFSDS-T Description: Standard specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HEAT-T, HEAT-TP-T, HE-T, HESH-T Description: See text UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: See text Description: See textЧитати далі
BAE Systems
BAE Systems
Ammunition for Giat 90 mm CN 90 F1 guns
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South Africa
Ammunition for Giat 90 mm CN 90 F1 guns
Armament Giat Industries 90 mm CN 90 F1 and F2 guns fitted to the following vehicles: AML (4 × 4) armoured car with H 90 turret; ENGESA EE-9 (6 × 6) armoured car with H 90 turret; Panhard ERC Lynx (6 × 6) armoured car with Lynx 90 turret; prototype SIBMAS (6 × 6) vehicle with Lynx 90 turret; X1A1 light tank ( Brazil ); GT2 gun fitted to Eland 90 and Ratel 90 ( South Africa ). Development The 90 mm CN 90 F1 gun was originally known as the DEFA D921, so its ammunition is sometimes known as 90 mm DEFA ammunition. The 90 mm CN 90 F1 has also been referred to as the CN90F1. It is a light gun firing fin-stabilised projectiles and is intended for mounting on light vehicles. The F1 gun was produced in South Africa as the 90 mm GT2 for mounting in the Eland 90 and Ratel 90 combat vehicles. At one time some South African-produced guns were mounted on light field carriages but these are no longer in service. Description The ammunition fired by the 90 mm CN 90 F1 and F2 guns is fixed by a single continuous crimping ring, with the projectiles rigidly secured to the straight sided brass cartridge cases. The projectiles are finned and have bodies encircled by copper drive bands. The brass cartridge cases are fitted with percussion primers and have their GBTU 125 multiperforated propellant charges contained inside a silk bag. The ammunition family for the 90 mm CN 90 F1 and F2 guns includes the following rounds: 90 mm HEAT-T, OCC F1 This anti-armour round uses a steel-nosed, aluminium alloy bodied projectile containing a shaped charge formed from 670 g of RDX/TNT 60:40 located behind a copper cone liner. The warhead can penetrate 120 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 60º, or 300 to 320 mm of armour plate set at a vertical angle. The projectile has a maximum range of 1,500 to 1,800 m but the maximum effective range is approximately 1,100 m. For safety, the base-mounted electrical fuze (referred to in some instances as the G4C) is maintained in a short-circuited state until after firing. It will function instantaneously when the nose-mounted piezoelectric generator strikes a hard target and generates an electric current to detonate the explosive filling. The Practice round used to simulate the 90 mm HEAT-T OCC F1 is the completely inert 90 mm TP-T BSCC 90 F1 which uses an aluminium bodied projectile with a tracer element in the base. 90 mm HE, OE F1 Intended for general use, the projectile with this round uses a forged steel body filled with 945 g of RDX/TNT 60:40. It produces blast and fragmentation effects at ranges up a maximum of 1,800 m. The nose-mounted fuze, referred to in some instances as the FUIF2, functions on direct and graze action. Some projectiles have tracer elements lasting 4 seconds fitted to the base. MECAR SA also produce the 90 mm HE-T M631A1, filled with 1 kg of Composition B. 90 mm SMK-WP, OFUM F1 This round may be regarded as a White Phosphorus (WP) filled equivalent to the 90 mm HE OE F1. It employs a similar nose-mounted direct and graze action fuze which functions to burst open the projectile's steel body and release WP creating a smoke screen up to 50 m wide and lasting 20 to 30 seconds. Maximum range is 1,800 m and combat range 800 m. Some of these projectiles may have tracer elements fitted to the base. 90 mm Canister, ODR F1 Intended for use as an anti-ambush and close-in defence anti-personnel round, the 90 mm Canister ODR F1 is fitted with a blunt-nosed, straight sided, thin-walled projectile containing approximately 1,100 lead spheres weighing 4 kg. As the projectile leaves the gun muzzle the projectile casing breaks open to release the lead spheres in a cone-shaped pattern. Maximum effective range is 150 m. ODR stands for Obus de Defense Rapprochée. This round is no longer available from Giat Industries. 90 mm APFSDS-T, M645 This anti-armour round was developed by MECAR SA specifically for use with the 90 mm F1 gun. It has a tungsten alloy long rod penetrator which is fired with a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s to an operational range of more than 1,300 m. It can penetrate 70 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA) at an incidence of 60º. Time of flight to 1,300 m is less than 1.4 seconds. The finned tail assembly contains a tracer which burns for the first 4 seconds of the trajectory. The complete round weighs 6.8 kg of which 1.4 kg is multiperforated propellant. The projectile weighs 2.5 kg and is 425 mm long. The complete round is approximately 645 mm long. A practice round known as the 90 mm FSDS-TP-T M664 has the same ballistic characteristics as the 90 mm APFSDS-T M645 but uses a steel long rod projectile. 90 mm Blank Produced by Giat Industries with a shortened primer. Weight is 3.4 kg. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: HEAT-T M630, HE-T M631 Description: The HEAT-T round is a high explosive anti-tank round, with an electronic base detonating fuze. Fitted with two independent in - bore safeties. The fuze has a nose switch and graze element. Round weight is a nominal 8.0 kg, propellant weight is 1.0 kg of single base multi-perforations. Combat range is 1,000 m with penetration 120 mm of RHA at 60º. Muzzle velocity is 750 m/s. The HE-T M631 projectile is filled with a nominal 1 kg of Composition B and fitted with dual-safety electronic PD, graze and delay fuze to MIL-STD-1316. Round weight is a nominal 9 kg, projectile weight 5 kg and propellant weight (single base, multiperforations) 1 kg. Combat range given as 1,000 m with maximum range 1,800 m. Muzzle velocity at 21ºC is 650 m/s BRAZIL Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: APFSDS, HEAT-T, HEAT-TP-T, HE-T Description: Standard specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HEAT, HE, SMK-WP, HEAT-TP Description: See text SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: HEAT, HE, TP, Canister Description: No longer in production but stocks retained for service. Standard specifications for all rounds other than Canister which is a local development. It contains approximately 1,100 spherical subprojectiles 8.5 mm in diameter, fired at a muzzle velocity of 450 m/s to a range of 200 to 250 m SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: HEAT, HE, SMK-WP Description: Standard specificationsЧитати далі
MECAR 120 mm mortar bombs
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Belgium
MECAR 120 mm mortar bombs
Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By MECAR SA as an improved performance set of rounds, for the TDA Type LT mortar and as standard rounds for use in the Royal Ordnance Armoured Mortar System (AMS). Description The 120 mm family of mortar bombs is currently in production by Mecar and consists of HE (Composition B), smoke (WP) and illuminating types. The aerodynamic profile yields ranges in excess of 7,200 m with the TDA LT mortar and greater than 9,000 m with the Royal Ordnance Armoured Mortar System (AMS). The HE round used in turreted armoured mortar systems can be fitted with a direct-fire fuze that will also function in indirect fire. The HE and smoke bodies are made from high-fragmentation cast iron. Obturation is achieved by using a split-type plastic ring which fits into a groove behind the bourrelet. A light-alloy tail unit, incorporating the primary cartridge, is screwed onto the body and six interlocking augmenting cartridges, Type M546, are fitted round the tailboom for use in LT mortars. When fired in the Royal Ordnance AMS, a supplementary augmenting cartridge (Ch 7s) Type M553 is added to achieve the 9,200 m range. The bombs are packaged in two-round NATO-approved polymer containers. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
NR2444
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Belgium
NR2444
Armament Mortar projectiles, generally. Development By MECAR. Description The NR2444 is an impact fuze designed for use with HE mortar bombs. It is constructed of aluminium. Manufacturer MECAR SA.Читати далі
MECAR A1 Series mortar bomb family
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Belgium
MECAR A1 Series mortar bomb family
Description The MECAR A1 Series of 81 mm mortar bombs is used in M1 low-pressure, M29/29A1 medium-pressure and M252 and L16 series high-pressure mortar systems and their equivalents. Five models of bomb are available and may be divided into two groups of ballistically matched bombs, that is M511A1 to M513A1 using a common firing table and M514A1 and M515A1 fired to a second firing table. The bombs available are: Smoke (FM) (TTC) M511A1; HE M512A1; smoke (WP) M513A1; and illuminating M515A1. Bombs are packed in three-round NATO-approved waterproof polymer containers. HE and smoke bombs have a maximum range of 5,500 m in high-pressure mortars, 4,500 m in medium-pressure and up to 2,500 m in low-pressure mortar systems. The A1 propulsion system employs a primary cartridge comprising a screw-threaded primer and shotgun-type ignition cartridge and up to five horseshoe-type augmenting charges, the number of charges permitted to be used depending upon the pressure capacity of the mortar. The base augmenting charge is coloured blue, and there are three translucent cased charges and a red coloured supercharge. Charge 0 = Primary cartridge only Charge 1 = Primary cartridge and base augmenting charge Charge 2 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and one translucent case charge (Charge 2 is the maximum for low-pressure mortars) Charge 3 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and two translucent case charges Charge 4 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and three translucent case charges (Charge 4 is maximum for medium-pressure mortars) Charge 5 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge, three translucent cased charges and the red cased supercharge (Charge 5 is used only in high-pressure mortar systems) Manufacturer MECAR SA. Status In production.Читати далі
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M833
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Belgium
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M833
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development The 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 may be regarded as an improved version of the M774 and, apart from a longer penetrator assembly, differs mainly in the design of the sabot which was redesigned to reduce weight. The M833 was type classified in 1983. It is a full service round which is normally only fired in time of war. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) of the 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 were made to Israel (300), Jordan (2,130), Pakistan (10,025), Saudi Arabia (320), and Turkey (22,920). Description The 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 is a fixed round with the projectile assembly crimped onto an M148A1B1 cartridge case. The projectile assembly consists of a subprojectile and a sabot. The M833 subprojectile consists of a monobloc Depleted Uranium (DU, or staballoy) core acting as the penetrator rod, the front part being sheathed in an aluminium windshield with a steel tip to prevent aerodynamic heating. An aluminium alloy fin assembly is fitted to the rear of the penetrator rod and contains an M13 tracer, which burns for a minimum of 2.5 seconds, held in place by a threaded plug and disc assembly. The sabot is aluminium and consists of three 120º segments assembled around the subprojectile, it is interfaced with the penetrator body by a series of mating buttress grooves. The sabot differs, as mentioned previously, from earlier designs mainly in the incorporation of gussets in the sabot segments to retain strength and rigidity while reducing weight. A stainless steel bourrelet, containing three shear cuts, is screwed onto the forward face of the sabot. A two-piece nylon obturator and polypropylene seal is assembled around the sabot and a silicone rubber seal is applied over the rear face. The M148A1B1 cartridge case contains approximately 5.8 kg of loosely packed M30 propellant. An M120 electrical primer is fitted to the base; the primer includes a flash tube extending almost to the tail of the projectile assembly. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. A barrel wear reducing titanium dioxide liner is secured to the interior wall of the cartridge case. Muzzle velocity is 1,494 m/s. No details regarding armour penetration performance have been released. The US Army training round for the M833 is the 105 mm TPDS-T M724A1. The TPDS-T M724A1 is also produced in Belgium by MECAR SA and in Egypt by the Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries. In the USA the main producer of the TPDS-T M724A1 is General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) . The main details for the TPDS-T M724A1 are round weight, 14.52 kg and round length, 838.2 mm. Muzzle velocity is 1,539 m/s using a single-base propellant. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: 105 mm APFSDS-T M1060 and M1060A1 Description: See separate entry. Also known as the 105 mm TK-APFSDS-T M1060Читати далі
0.50 Spotting Rifle
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South Africa
0.50 Spotting Rifle
Synonyms 12.7 × 77 mm; 12.7 × 76 mm Armament Spotting Rifle M8 , used for targeting with M40 series 106 mm recoilless guns. Development This round was developed in the 1950s to be fired from the 0.50 Spotting Rifle M8 . The M8 is a purpose-built, semi-automatic, gas-operated rifle, attached to the barrel of the M40/M40A1 recoilless rifle and precisely aligned with it so that the gunner fires the spotting rifle, varying the aim until the incendiary filled bullet strikes the target. The main gun is then quickly fired. The spotting bullet and propelling charge are designed to match the trajectory of the main armament projectile, so that where the spotting bullet hits, the main projectile will also hit if fired almost immediately after the gunner observes the strike of the spotting bullet. The M40A1 is obsolete in US service, but is still in widespread use elsewhere. Description The round is a shortened version of the 0.50 Browning machine gun round, using a shorter case, reduced propellant charge and a special bullet. Its ballistics closely match those of the 106 mm M40/M40A1 recoilless rifles. The current service bullet is the Tracer M48A2 , a boat tailed bullet with flat tip. The jacket is brass, with a lead core to the mid and rear sections. The front section is filled with incendiary composition and has a small detonator in the bullet nose; the rear portion is counterbored and filled with tracer composition. The bullet gives a red trace from 100 to 1,300 m range; on striking the target it gives a flash and a smoke puff to indicate a hit. BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: Spotter Tracer M48A1 : Lead core in brass envelope; tracer at rear, red trace visible from 100-1,300 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.6 g; MV 532 m/s BRAZIL Manufacturer Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos Type: Spotter tracer M8C: Lead core, gilding metal jacket; dark ignition tracer 90-1,350 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.7 g; V 25 532 m/s GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53.5 g; MV 545 m/s INDIA Manufacturer Ordnance Factory Khamaria Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope, base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 540 m/s SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP (Division of Denel ) Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, gilding metal envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 540 m/s SPAIN Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 550 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government contractors Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core in brass jacket; tracer at rear, red trace to 1,300 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.6 g; MV 532 m/s Practice tracer T249E1, T249E2: These resemble the service M48A2 but do not have the recessed bullet tip and are inert except for their tracer filling. They simulate the flight of the M48A2 for training purposesЧитати далі
Projectile 155 mm: WP/Smoke, M110, M110A1 and
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United States
Projectile 155 mm: WP/Smoke, M110, M110A1 and
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family of separate loaded projectiles is used to provide screening or marking smoke; there is also a secondary incendiary effect. All three projectiles in the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family have the same general appearance as the 155 mm HE M107 and have the same design origins. The original 155 mm Smoke WP M110 was developed from the 155 mm WP/Smoke M105 projectile developed for the towed 155 mm Howitzer M1 before the Second World War. The 155 mm WP/Smoke M105 was the `Americanized' version of a French projectile originally used with the French designed M1917/M1918 series of 155 mm towed howitzers procured during the First World War. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family differs from the M105 mainly in having a wider and heavier driving band to provide a better in-bore gas seal, especially in worn barrels. Despite its age and relative inefficiency compared to more modern projectile designs, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is still in widespread production and service. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 uses the M6 burster charge which contains tetrytol. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110A1 and M110A2 both use the M54A1 burster charge containing Composition B5 and may be stored, transported and fired at temperatures up to +63ºC; the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 cannot be stored or fired at temperatures exceeding +52ºC. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family has been filled with smoke-producing compositions other than White Phosphorus (WP), including titanium tetrachloride. The Projectile 155 mm, Chemical Agent, H/HD, 155 mm: M110 was identical to the WP/Smoke M110 family, other than its chemical agent filling (H or HD, weight 5.3 kg, both Mustard blister agents). Any of these chemical warfare projectiles still in existence have been withdrawn from service and their contents are scheduled for destruction by incineration. The Projectile, Chemical Agent, 155 mm: M121A1, containing 2.95 kg of GB or 2.72 kg of VX (both nerve agents), has also been withdrawn from service and its contents scheduled for destruction by incineration. A 155 mm chemical projectile filled with Mustard (H) agent and based on a smoke projectile of the M110 type was developed by Iraq at the Al Muthanna State Establishment. The US Army and Marine Corps replacement projectile for the Smoke M110 series is the Projectile, 155 mm: Smoke, WP, M825A1 (see following entry). Description The 155 mm WP/Smoke M110, M110A1 and M110A2 are separate loading munitions using a hollow forged steel shell with the same external configuration as that used on the 155 mm HE M107 . The shape is ogival (6/12 crh) with a boat tail for aerodynamic efficiency and a welded steel baseplate. Close to the base is a gilding metal drive band protected by a grommet until just before loading. A threaded lifting plug closes the nose fuze cavity for handling and storage. The shell contains approximately 7.07 kg of White Phosphorus (WP), although other fillings have been used. A centrally located burster charge extends the length of the shell interior. On the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 the burster charge is the M6 containing 186 g of Tetrytol. On the 155 mm Smoke WP M110A1 and M110A2 the burster charge is the M54A1 containing 208 g of Composition B5. On the M110A1 the end of the burster tube is sealed with a plastic plug; on the M110A2 the sealing plug is aluminium. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is normally fitted with a nose-mounted point detonation fuze. On impact the fuze ignites the internal burster charge which then ruptures the shell casing to release the WP filling. As it contacts the air the WP ignites to produce thick clouds of white smoke. When stored, 155 mm Smoke WP series projectiles have to be kept on their bases to prevent migration of the WP which will alter the centre of gravity and possibly cause in-bore explosions when fired. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 and uses the same propellant charges, other than the Charge 8S M203 . Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) is not normally used on longer barrelled pieces. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads and an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required) and the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge, it differs from the M4A1 as it consists of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains approximately 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant with a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 660 mm long. A similar charge is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. When fired from the 155 mm M1/M1A1 Cannon on M114/M114A1 towed howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 234.7 m/s - range 4,800 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 268.2 m/s - range 6,100 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 310.9 m/s - range 7,800 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 371.9 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,300 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 316.4 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 374.6 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 463.3 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 563.9 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon on M109 self-propelled howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 236.2 m/s - range 4,900 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 275.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 317 m/s - range 8,200 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 269.7 m/s - range 6,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 313.9 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 373.4 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 461.8 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 562.4 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can attain the following ballistic performances: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 237.7 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 277.4 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 318.5 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 292.6 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 336.8 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 393.2 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 475.5 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 565.4 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. When fired from the 155 mm M119 Cannon on the M198 towed howitzer the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. With the 155 mm M284 Cannon used on the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 fired using the M203/M203A1 Charge 8S can attain a maximum range of 24,000 m. Giat Industries of France produces a combustible case intended for use with all NATO standard 155 mm weapons. The case consists of a skirt, a base and a cover containing Charges 6 to 9; lower charges are formed using bagged charges. Use of this case system produces a barrel life at maximum charge of 3000 EFC. The muzzle velocities produced using this combustible case system are as follows: Charge 6 - 586 m/s Charge 7 - 705 m/s Charge 8 - 810 m/s Charge 9 - 830 m/s. Charge 9 can fire a standard projectile to a maximum range of 24,000 m. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore produce a unitary charge, using cloth bags, which covers Charges 6, 7, 8 and 9. Known as the C20, this charge uses M6 propellant, is 610 mm long, 160 mm in diameter, and weighs 10 kg. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. Authorised fuzes PD M508, M557, M739. May also be used with PD M51A5, M535 MTSQ M564, M582. Prox M732 Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 155 mm Smoke WP NR-149 Description: Stated to be equivalent to WP/Smoke M110. No longer in production but still in widespread service FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications. No longer in production but likely to be encountered GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 155 mm Smoke Description: Based on 155 mm Smoke WP M110 series. Weight 42 kg and WP filling 6 kg. Maximum muzzle velocity 564 m/s and maximum range 15,000 m. Fitted with PD M572 fuze IRAQ Manufacturer Al Muthanna State Establishment Type: Chemical - designation unknown Description: This chemical projectile appears to be of the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 type but its exact designation is not known - no markings were carried. The provenance of the projectile bodies is also uncertain but they appear to have been produced in Europe and exported in an empty but finished form to Iraq for filling at the Al Muthanna State Establishment, 100 km to the northwest of Baghdad. Each projectile carries 3.5 litres of Mustard (H) agent and a tetryl burster. By mid-1992, a total of 12,694 projectiles had been counted and scheduled for destruction ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm IM150 Description: Similar to M116 series. Contains 7 kg of White Phosphorus (WP) KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm Smoke WP Description: Stated to be equivalent to WP/Smoke M110 SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm Smoke WP M110 Description: Standard US specifications, although containing 7.1 kg of WP, with unfuzed weight given as 43.6 kg. Propelling Charge M4A2 also produced along with Propelling Charge C20 for use in high-performance ordnance SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke ME110A2 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications. Production on request UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Thiokol Corporation, Scanton Army Ammunition Plant Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard specifications. No longer in productionЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
155 mm extended range full-bore cargo projectiles
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
155 mm extended range full-bore cargo projectiles
Armament Towed 155 mm howitzers: NORICUM GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; SRC International GC 45; NORINCO Type WA 021 and Type GM-45 ; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F howitzer; FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P, 845P, Upgraded M-46 and M114S ; Otobreda 155/39; KH179 ; RDM M139 and M114/39 ; STK FH-88 and FH-2000; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers; Bofors FH-77B ; Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer; M46/84 ( Yugoslavia ). Self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; NORINCO PLZ45 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Majnoon ( Iraq ); Soltam Rascal and Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); LIW G6; ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M109A4, M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Development Development of a 155 mm ERFB Cargo round was carried out simultaneously by both the Space Research Corporation (SNC) of Canada and Armscor (now Denel (Pty) Ltd) in South Africa . It is probable that South Africa continued its own development work following its withdrawal from SNC activities during the early 1970s. From the SNC programme, PRB SA of Belgium marketed and manufactured its 155 mm NR 269 ERFB-BB Cargo round (now available from Giat Industries) and Armscor (now Denel (Pty) Ltd) followed with a similar projectile, the 155 mm HC Cluster M1, with some design differences, especially with the submunitions. The latest form of the South African ERFB cargo projectile is the 155 mm Cluster HE HC M1A2 . PRB SA ceased trading in 1990 but numbers of its 155 mm NR 269 Cargo projectiles may still remain in service with some nations. Giat Industries, who now own the production rights for the 155 mm NR 269, has proposed a version of the NR 269 with a revised obturator and a more durable driving band to enable them to be fired from barrels using NATO standard modular charge systems. This version will be known as the 155 ARF and could have a range in excess of 42,000 m when fired from a 52 calibre barrel at a muzzle velocity of 930 m/s. Description The 155 mm PRB/Giat Industries NR-269 and Denel 155 mm HC Cluster M1 SM ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles follow the same overall design outlines and may be described together. The shell body is made of high-grade steel and is a variation of the 155 mm ERFB-BB BE Smoke projectile (see following entry). As such it retains the typical ERFB streamlined outline, (which is the same as the 155 mm ERFB HE projectile - see previous entry), with a continuous ogive almost the entire length of the body down to the copper or gilding metal drive band and plastic obturator band. A Base Bleed (BB) unit is normally threaded to the projectile base with an adaptor to interface with the bomblet payload. Some rounds may be produced and supplied without the base bleed unit. The 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectile contains 56 bomblets of the M46 type, although the Denel ( SWARTKLIP Products ) bomblets differ in some details from those used with the PRB/Giat Industries NR 269. The bomblets are dual-purpose anti-personnel/anti-armour devices stacked using splined spacers in eight layers, each containing seven bomblets. In each row the hollow charges face towards the projectile nose. The 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectile carries a nose-mounted MT, MTSQ or electronic fuze, typically a MTSQ M577A1. This fuze is set to function at a height of approximately 500 to 600 m above the target area. As the fuze functions it ignites an expulsion charge which creates an internal pressure to bear down on a pusher plate. The pusher plate forces the payload to the rear, separating the base bleed unit from the projectile body and expelling the individual bomblets at an initial velocity of about 100 m/s. As they emerge from the projectile base they are dispersed by centrifugal forces produced by the projectile spin to cover an oval-shaped ground area measuring approximately 120 to 130 m wide and 110 to 120 m deep - this area will vary according to expulsion altitude and local wind conditions. Each bomblet trails a ribbon which is deployed as the bomblet leaves the projectile. This reduces the rotation rate of the bomblet and at the same time unscrews a threaded rod a few turns, thereby allowing the detonator to arm. As the bomblet impacts a firing pin can then detonate the explosive. Each bomblet contains a shaped charge consisting of approximately 30 g of Composition A5 or a similar explosive, sufficient to penetrate a minimum of 60 mm of armour and spread anti-personnel steel fragments over a lethal radius of 7 m. Bomblets produced for the Denel 155 mm HE HC Cluster M1 and M1A2 Wasp rounds have an improved detonating system and a fail-safe self-destruct system. South African 155 mm ERFB projectiles may be converted in the field to remove boat tails from ERFB projectiles and fit base bleed units to produce 155 mm ERFB-BB projectiles. The process is carried out using a projectile clamping table. The same table can also be used to remove damaged obturators and fit new ones. The table can be folded flat and weighs 25 kg. To take full advantage of the range potential of 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles they are usually fired with high-energy charges, typically the NATO M3A1 (zones 3, 4 and 5), M4A2 (zones 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), M119A1 (zone 8), M203 (zone 9) or the M11 (zone 10), the latter being restricted to 45 calibre or longer barrels. The propelling system for the LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 gun-howitzers originally involved a three-charge cloth bag system. This has been replaced by a modular system, developed by SOMCHEM , involving combustible cases with a built-in charge retaining device. The system may be used with ERFB and (above the basic Charge 2) ERFB-BB projectiles and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. The lowest charge for the Denel modular charge system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 1 M51 . The combustible container for this charge is red and contains single-base granular propellant. The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 2.3 kg, is 211 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. The next charge is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 2 M52 . The combustible case is blue and houses triple-base propellant cords. The diameter at the front of the case is reduced to allow it to friction fit into the rear of a Charge 2 increment (see below). The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 5.6 kg, is 373 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. This modular system continues with the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Increment M52 . One or two of these increments can be added to the normal Charge 2. Charge 2 plus one increment can be used with boat tailed ERFB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Charge 2 plus two increments can be used with ERFB, ERFB-BB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Each increment is contained in a green combustible case containing triple-base propellant cords. The igniter consists of 60 g of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 4 kg, is 289 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. The top charge of the modular system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 3 M53 . The charge is contained in a purple (jacaranda) combustible case containing triple-base tubular propellant. The igniter consists of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 17.1 kg, is 930 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. All charges are ignited by the Tube Percussion M82 which contains 1.4 to 1.5 g of gunpowder. The tube is 49.37 mm long with a diameter over the rim of 15.24 mm. With this system, the following ballistic performances can be achieved using a 155 mm 45 calibre barrel: Charge 1 - MV 350 ±5 m/s - max range 9,100 m Charge 2 - MV 483 ±5 m/s - max range 13,400 m Charge 2 + 1 increment - MV 645 ±5 m/s - max range 19,000 m Charge 2 + 2 increments - MV 795 ±5 m/s - max range 25,400 m Charge 2 + 2 increments + BB - MV 789 ±5 m/s - max range 31,000 m Charge 3, standard shell - MV 897 ±5 m/s - max range 30,200 m Charge 3 + BB - MV 895 ±5 m/s - max range 39,000 m. Typical range figures for 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles fired from 39 calibre barrels is of the order of 30,600 m. When fired from 45 calibre barrels they can reach 39,000 m. This modular charge system has been replaced by one involving up to six M62A1 combustible modular charges all with the same content and meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics MoU. The charges are produced by SOMCHEM and can be used with ordnance up to 52 calibres long. Other similar modular charge systems could be employed. Authorised fuzes MTSQ M577 series Electronic NINA, ZELAR, Fuchs M8611 and so on Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 155 mm NR 269 ERFB-BB Cargo Description: Specifications as text. No longer in production by PRB but may still be in service. Now produced in France by Giat Industries CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm ERFB ICM and ERFB ICM BB Description: Both contain 72 bomblets and are fitted with MTSQ M577 fuze. Maximum range of ERFB ICM BB given as 39,600 m. A variant may be filled with either Type 81 39.2 mm diameter bomblets or 42.5 mm diameter bomblets, with the numbers involved varying between 49 and 56 to suit requirements. This projectile weighs 45.54 kg and is fitted with a MS-200 ET fuze. Muzzle velocity is given as 920 m/s. May no longer be in production FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm Cargo ERFB BB NR 269 B1 Description: Originally produced in Belgium by PRB SA (see above). Weight without fuze given as 45.6 kg and overall length without fuze is 861 mm. Contains 56 M46 bomblets. Maximum range when fired from a 52 calibre barrel given as 42,000 m. In production and adopted by several unspecified countries NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo Description: Specifications as text. Available for production. Propelling charge No 16 also produced SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Limited ( NASCHEM ) Type: Shell, 155 mm HE HC Cluster M1 and M1A2 Wasp Description: Produced primarily for 155 mm G5 and G6 artillery systems and marketed by Denel. Contains 56 bomblets, each capable of penetrating a minimum of 60 mm of armour plate. The bomblets are ejected at an optimum height of 600 m and have a self-destruct elementЧитати далі
Projectile, 8 in: HE, M106
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Korea
Projectile, 8 in: HE, M106
Armament M2 and M2A1 Cannon used on M115 Towed Howitzer; M2A2 Cannon used on M110 Self-propelled Howitzer; M201A1 Cannon used on M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer; NORINCO 203 mm Gun System. Development The 8 in HE M106 was originally developed during the 1930s for use with the 8 in (203 mm) M1 Towed Howitzer, replacing an earlier projectile with coastal defence gun origins known as the Mk 1A1. The 8 in M1 howitzer was later redesignated the M115 and, although this weapon is no longer in the US armed forces inventory it remains in service with other nations. A similar barrel to that mounted on the M115 was later selected as the M2A2 Cannon for use on the 8 in M110 Self-propelled Howitzer. The M110 has been updated by retrofitting the longer barrelled muzzle-braked M201A1 Cannon to create the 8 in M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer standard. The 8 in HE M106 is used with all these weapons and it is still widely produced although, as the M110 series have been withdrawn from US Army service, it is no longer manufactured within the USA. It remains the most commonly used projectile for all NATO 8 in/203 mm howitzers. Known users of M110 series self-propelled howitzers include the following: Bahrain (13 M110A2); Greece (31 M110); Iran (38, some destroyed); Israel (48 M110); Italy (23 M110A2 - due to be replaced by MLRS ); Japan (201 M110A2); Jordan (102 M110A2); South Korea (99 M110); Pakistan (40 M110A2); Spain (48 M110A2); Taiwan (M110A2, estimated numbers between 75 and 150); Turkey (80 M110A2). The Projectile, 8 in: HE XM711 was under development to replace the HE M106 but development was terminated. No details are available. An 8 in chemical agent projectile which used the same external configuration as the 8 in HE M106 was known as the 8 in Projectile, Gas/GB/VX, M426. This projectile contained 6.58 kg of persistent nerve agent scattered by a 3.175 kg M83 Composition B-4 burster charge. Weight of the complete projectile was 90.26 kg and length 891.5 mm. Also produced were the generally similar 8 in Projectile Gas VX, M426, and the 8 in Projectile Gas VX2, M736. Any remaining examples of these projectiles have been withdrawn from service and are scheduled for destruction. Description The 8 in/203 mm HE M106 separate loading projectile uses a hollow steel forging with a streamlined ogive, a boat tailed base and a base cover welded to the base. A welded copper overlay drive band is normally protected by a metal, plastic or glass fibre grommet which is removed before firing. The nose of the projectile is fitted with an eyebolt lifting plug for storage, transport and handling and covers a shallow or deep cavity drilled into the bursting charge. Deep cavity projectiles are intended for use with deep intrusion proximity and other fuzes and when used a supplementary charge has to be removed. The supplementary charge, 136 g of TNT, is normally held in place beneath the lifting plug by a cardboard spacer. Loaded projectiles are zoned into one of five weight zones ranging from 86.82 kg (zone 2) to 92.67 kg (zone 6). The appropriate weight zone is marked on the ogive of each projectile by a system of painted squares and punch marks. The explosive filling of the 8 in HE M106 may be either 16.465 kg of TNT or 17.6 kg of Composition B. M2, M2A1 and M2A2 Cannon use a system of seven bagged charges. Charges 1 to 4 all use M1 green bag charges. Charge 5 may be either an M1 green bag or a M2 white bag. Charges 6 and 7 use M2 white bag charges. Charges 1 to 5 (M1) consist of 6.8 kg of single perforated M1 propellant. Charge 1 is the base section with the other four charges in unequal increments. They are assembled end-to-end in sequence and held together by four cloth straps. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the base charge, Charge 1. The complete charge is 533 mm long and 165 mm in diameter. Charges 5 to 7 (M2) consist of 12.927 kg of multi-perforated M1 propellant. Charge 5 is the base charge with two unequal increments (Charges 6 and 7) attached. The charges are assembled end-to-end in sequence and held together by four cloth straps. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the base charge Charge 5. A Flash Reducer M3 containing 453 g of a potassium sulphate and black powder mixture is added when the full Charge 7 is fired. The complete charge is 609 mm long and 197 mm in diameter. The longer 8 in M201A1 Cannon makes use of the same system of bagged charges as the M2, M2A1 and M2A2 but with the addition of the M118 or M118A1 bag charges to enhance performance. The M118, originally developed for the M201 Cannon (without a muzzle brake), is a single-increment white bag charge containing approximately 17.24 kg of high-energy M30A1 propellant in a cloth bag. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the charge and a central ignition core extends throughout the length of the charge. A cylindrical cloth jacket is placed over the entire length and tightly laced. The M118 is approximately 787 mm long and 203 mm in diameter. The M118A1 was developed for use in the M201A1 Cannon used on the M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer. It is a two increment charge (Charges 8 and 9) containing 21.77 kg of high-energy M31A1 propellant. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder (normally covered by a paper cap which has to be removed before firing), is sewn to the base of the charge and a central ignition core extends through most of the length of the charge. This core is a moulded nitrocellulose 355 mm diameter tube, containing a 142 g bag of black powder sewn to the igniter pad. An additive to reduce barrel wear is used to line the increment 9 charge bag. The increment 8 bag is lined with lead foil for decoppering and the bag is laced inside a cloth jacket. The Charge 9 increment is attached to the Charge 8 increment by four tie straps. The entire M118A1 charge weighs 22.7 kg, is 813 mm long and 203 mm in diameter. The Charge 8 increment weighs 19.05 kg and the Charge 9 2.72 kg. The percussion primer used with the M2 and M2A1 Cannon is the MK2A4. Other Cannon use either the M82 or the MK15. When the 8 in HE M106 is fired from M2, M2A1 and M2A2 Cannon the following results can be obtained: Charge 1 (M1 green bag) - MV 249.9 m/s - range 5,600 m Charge 2 (M1 green bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,600 m Charge 3 (M1 green bag) - MV 305 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 4 (M1 green bag) - MV 350.5 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 5 (M1 green bag) - MV 420.6 m/s - range 11,600 m Charge 5 (M2 white bag) - MV 420.6 m/s - range 11,600 m Charge 6 (M2 white bag) - MV 500 m/s - range 13,900 m Charge 7 (M2 white bag) - MV 594.3 m/s - range 16,800 m. When fired from the M201A1 Cannon the 8 in HE M106 can produce the following results: Charge 1 (M1 green bag) - MV 255.4 m/s - range 5,946 m Charge 2 (M1 green bag) - MV 280.4 m/s - range 7,099 m Charge 3 (M1 green bag) - MV 309.6 m/s - range 8,450 m Charge 4 (M1 green bag) - MV 353.8 m/s - range 10,435 m Charge 5 (M1 green bag) - MV 423.6 m/s - range 12,405 m Charge 5 (M2 white bag) - MV 445.9 m/s - range 12,987 m Charge 6 (M2 white bag) - MV 519.7 m/s - range 15,203 m Charge 7 (M2 white bag) - MV 606.9 m/s - range 17,901 m Charge 8 (M118) - MV 710.1 m/s - range 21,300 m. For training in handling the 8 in HE M106 the Projectile, 8 in: Dummy, M845 is used. This is an inert projectile that cannot be fired. It is fitted with an inert M51 nose fuze and a plastic drive band. Authorised fuzes Shallow cavity: PD M577, M51A5, M572, M739. MTSQ M564, M582, Prox M732 Deep cavity: PD M51A5, M577, M572, M739. MTSQ M564, M582. Prox M732, M728 (Supplementary charge must be removed before Prox M728 is used) Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 203 mm HE NR-152 Description: Stated to be equivalent to 8 in HE M106 . No longer in production but in widespread service GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Industries Type: 203 mm HE Description: Based on US 8 in HE M106 . Weight given as 73.03 kg, of which 16 kg is HE filling. Length 797.56 mm. Muzzle velocity given as 594.4 m/s and maximum range 16,800 m ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 203 mm HE Description: Standard US specifications, filled with TNT. Charges also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 203 mm HE Description: Available. Stated to be equivalent to 8 in HE M106 . M1 and M2 charges also produced PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 8 in HE How M106 Description: Filled with 16.5 kg TNT. Otherwise standard specifications. PORTUGAL Manufacturer Explosivos Da Trafaria SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with TNT. Charges also producedЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Brazil
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm HE M107 can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm HE M107 can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107 is probably the most widely used of all western artillery projectiles and is still one of the `NATO standard' projectiles by which all others are measured. This is despite its indifferent charge-to-weight ratio (16.6 per cent), its relatively unsophisticated aerodynamic shape which limits potential range and its erratic fragmentation. All these factors can be attributed to age of design, for the 155 mm HE M107's origins can be directly traced back to the 1930s. It was a development of an earlier projectile, the 155 mm HE M102 , the main HE projectile fired by the US M1917/M1918 towed howitzers. The 155 mm HE M102 was, in its turn, an `Americanized' version of the French Schneider 155 mm HE projectile for their Mle 1917 Howitzer. The 155 mm HE M107 differed from the M102 by having a wider driving band, providing better sealing when fired, especially when fired from a worn barrel. It was originally intended for firing from the US 155 mm M1 Towed Howitzer but has since found widespread acceptance elsewhere (see listing of associated weapons provided above). Many nations continue to fire the 155 mm HE M107 as a training projectile rather than as an operational round, as its ready availability due to production in volume, often makes it far less costly to fire than some specialised training projectiles. For instance, the British Army had a requirement for 25,000 155 mm HE M107 projectiles for the FY96/97 and FY97/98 and more were required thereafter. British Army HE M107 projectiles are filled with TNT and have provision for long-intrusion fuzes. The 155 mm HE M795 projectile was type classified to be the replacement for the 155 mm HE M107 , although production commenced only recently (1996-1997) and for the time being it will only augment the HE M107 in US Army service - see following entry. The 155 mm HE M107 will not be part of the operational ammunition suite for the forthcoming XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Despite its vintage and its known ballistic shortcomings, the US armed forces continue to favour the HE M107 both as an operational and training projectile, although most will apparently be fired during training. Prior to FY 98, projectiles procured had reached a total of about 26,605,000 and procurement forecasts for the type extend until at least FY05. None were procured during FY98 but the subsequent planning for FY99 onwards was as follows : Year Quantity Value FY99 243,000 US$42,336,000 FY00 114,000 US$24,108,000 FY01 198,000 US$39,810,000 FY02 224,000 US$41,400,000 FY03 185,000 US$35,493,000 FY04 164,000 US$35,827,000 FY05 156,000 US$35,794,000 The Army transformation initiatives have caused long-range forecasts to be scrapped, but the M107 is unlikely to be significantly affected beyond the normal fluctuations. The US does not purchase the complete round from a prime contractor, but places contracts for partial production. Thus, of the FY01 unit cost of US$200.63, US$104.78 is provided under contract to Chamberlain for the metal projectile bodies (at the rented Scranton Army Ammunition Plant) and US$68.69 to American Ordnance as operators of the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant for the load, assemble and pack operation. US firms can, of course, undertake the prime contractor role for export and GD-OTS actively promotes this option. Description The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107 is a separately loaded munition, it has a hollow forged AISI 1045 steel shell of conventional design with a streamlined ogive (6/12 crh) and a boat tail base to provide aerodynamic efficiency. A steel base cover is welded to the projectile base. A swaged gilding metal drive band encircles the shell casing near the base and is normally protected by a grommet during storage, transport and handling. The fuze well is normally occupied by a threaded lifting plug during transit and handling; the plug can be replaced before firing by a wide range of standard and commercial fuzes. The 155 mm HE M107 filling may be either 6.62 kg of cast TNT or 6.985 kg of Composition B; 155 mm HE M107 projectiles manufactured in the USA since 1977 have been filled only with TNT. A TNT-filled 155 mm HE M107 will produce approximately 1,950 fragments on detonation. In 1944, a deep drilled cavity was introduced below the fuze well to accommodate the then new VT (proximity) fuzes. This cavity is now normally occupied by a supplementary charge containing 136 g of TNT contained in an aluminium liner; this charge has to be removed when deep intrusion or proximity fuzes are employed. Some 155 mm HE M107 shells intended for use in circumstances where proximity or similar fuzes are not employed, are still manufactured with original depth filling cavities and lack the supplementary charge. The 155 mm HE M107 projectiles are zoned into five weight zones ranging from 40.82 kg (zone 2) to 42.91 kg (zone 5). The appropriate weight zone is marked on the projectile ogive by a system of painted squares and punch marks. The propellant charge system at first sight appears complex, but has been mastered by generations of gunners as only a few weapons make use of its full complexity. The basic charge system used to fire the 155 mm HE M107 consists of the M3 or M3A1 and the M4, M4A1 or M4A2 bagged charges. Longer barrelled 155 mm pieces, such as the M185 Cannon used with the M109A1 to M109A4 self-propelled howitzers, can make use of the M119 series of bagged charges. The latest generation of 155 mm 39 and 45 calibre weapons can make use of the M203 charge to extract maximum performance, although the 155 mm HE M107 is not usually fired from such weapons. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads, an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required), the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge that differs from the M4A1 in consisting of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains approximately 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant, it has a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 , including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer that enables the charge to ignite the rocket motor on the 155 mm HE ICM M549/M549A1 projectiles. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge and can be used with M549/M549A1 projectiles. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 660 mm long. The M119A2 is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. The Propelling Charges M203 and M203A1 (Charge 8S) were developed primarily for use in the 155 mm M199 Cannon used with the M198 Towed Howitzer and the M284 cannon used with the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers. They can be used with other similar long-barrelled pieces such as the CN79 Cannon used on the South Korean 155 mm KH179 Towed Howitzer. The M203/M203A1 is a single red bag charge encased in a tight-fitting lacing jacket for strength. The bag has an igniter sewn to the base, a central core igniter extending through the centre of the charge and a flash reducer in front of the charge. The M203A1 differs from the M203 by producing cooler burning to increase barrel life, together with a reduction in blast and muzzle flash. The M119 series and M203 propellant charges should be fired using the Primer M82 only. When fired from the 155 mm M1/M1A1 Cannon on M114/M114A1 towed howitzers the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 234.7 m/s - range 4,800 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 268.2 m/s - range 6,100 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 310.9 m/s - range 7,800 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 371.9 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,300 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 316.4 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 374.6 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 463.3 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 563.9 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon on M109 self-propelled howitzers the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 236.2 m/s - range 4,900 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 275.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 317 m/s - range 8,200 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 269.7 m/s - range 6,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 313.9 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 373.4 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 461.8 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 562.4 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers the 155 mm HE M107 can attain the following ballistic performances: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 237.7 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 277.4 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 318.5 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 292.6 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 336.8 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 393.2 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 475.5 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 565.4 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. When fired from the 155 mm M119 Cannon on the M198 Towed Howitzer the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. With the 155 mm M284 Cannon used on the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm HE M107 fired using the M203/M203A1 Charge 8S can attain a maximum range of 24,000 m. Giat Industries of France produce a combustible case intended for use with all NATO standard 155 mm weapons. The case consists of a skirt, a base and a cover containing Charges 6 to 9; lower charges are formed using bagged charges. Use of this case system produces a barrel life at maximum charge of 3000 EFC. The muzzle velocities produced using this combustible case system are as follows: Charge 6 - 586 m/s Charge 7 - 705 m/s Charge 8 - 810 m/s Charge 9 - 830 m/s. Charge 9 can fire a standard 155 mm HE M107 projectile to a maximum range of 24,000 m. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore produce a unitary charge, using cloth bags, which covers Charges 6, 7, 8 and 9. Known as the C20, this charge uses M6 propellant, is 610 mm long, 160 mm in diameter and weighs 10 kg. It is anticipated that future US 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. The 155 mm training projectile meant to be used in place of the 155 mm HE M107 is the Projectile, 155 mm: Practice, M804. This is a hollow forged steel shell containing a small smoke canister in the fuze well to provide flash and smoke on impact; the shell body has four vent holes 90º apart just forward of the drive band, which serve to disperse smoke on functioning. The 155 mm Practice M804 is ballistically similar to the 155 mm HE M107 but does not produce any blast or fragmentation. The 155 mm Prac M804 is 698.5 mm long and weighs 43.09 kg. It can be fired using all charges up to the M119A2, producing a maximum range of 18,100 m and is normally used with the PD M577 fuze. In recent years it has proved to be less costly to fire HE M107 projectiles for training, so the M804 is now little encountered. Simmel Difesa SpA produce the 155 mm IM170 TP which is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 , containing 7 kg of an inert mixture in place of explosive. Also produced by Simmel Difesa SpA is the 155 mm IM201 TP which contains 4.65 kg of an inert mixture plus 2 kg of TNT to produce flash, sound and smoke on impact. A 136 g TNT supplementary charge is located under the fuze well. The 155 mm IM170 TP is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 . The Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) 155 mm RO 18-05A1 and RO 18-05A2 have been developed as training round equivalents to the 155 mm HE M107 . See separate entry for details. For drill and general training purposes the inert Projectile, 155 mm: Dummy M7 with Charge, Propelling: Dummy M2 is available. The body of the 155 mm Dummy M7 is hollow and contains a spring-loaded impact plunger to assist in extraction. Authorised fuzes The 155 mm HE M107 has a standard 2 in 12UN-1B thread in the fuze well and can accommodate a wide range of standard and commercial fuzes. Standard fuzes that can be used with the HE M107 include the following: PD M51A5, M728 series, M557, M572, M739 MTSQ M564, M577, M582 Prox M732, M728 (If fitted, the supplementary charge must be removed when the M728 is used) Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: NR-148 Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 . No longer in production but in widespread service BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA Manufacturer Ministry of Defence, Department of Defence Industry Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. For locally-produced Howitzer M65 and also US M114A1 BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÌMICA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Can be supplied fitted with PD M557 fuze CANADA Manufacturer SNC Industrial Technologies Inc Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: As standard US specifications although supplementary charge is 140 g of Composition A-3 (RDX/Wax 91/9). Explosive filling given as approximately 7 kg of Composition B or TNT CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Described as M107 type, filled with either TNT or Composition B. Projectile weight given as 42.91 kg and length 607 mm. Otherwise standard US specifications and offered for export sales FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Available for production and likely to be widely encountered GERMANY Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Used by German Army as DM 21. Standard US specifications GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 155 mm HE Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M572 fuze ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm IM170A1/A2 Description: Ballistically similar to 155 mm HE M107 , containing 6.65 kg of TNT or 7 kg of Composition B. 155 mm TP IM170 and IM201 (with 2 kg TNT charge) also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Hanwha Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm HE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 . Standard US specifications. Also produced are M3, M4 and No 13 (M119A2) propelling charges NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: 155 mm NM28 HE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 but with improved fragmentation PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with 6.62 kg TNT and fitted with PD M557 fuze PORTUGAL Manufacturer Explosivos Da Trafaria SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer INDEP Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Also produced are Propelling Charges M3, M3A1 , M4A1 , M4A2, M119 and M119A2 SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Propelling Charge M4A2 also produced along with Propelling Charge C20 for use in high-performance ordnance. The latter charge uses M6 propellant and covers zones 6, 7, 8, and 9. Weight of the C20 is 10 kg, length 610 mm and diameter 160 mm SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: 155 mm RO 22 Description: Developed by Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) as part of their 155 mm Ammunition System, the RO 22 is a low-cost TNT-filled equivalent to the 155 mm HE M107 . It is fired using the BIS 70 propellant charge system which uses six increments covering US zones 3 to 8 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation (Scranton Army Ammunition Plant) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard specifications YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with 155 mm M65 howitzer so maximum muzzle velocity is 564 m/s and maximum range 14,900 m. May no longer be in productionЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
76 mm Cartridge HE-T L24A1/A2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Belgium
76 mm Cartridge HE-T L24A1/A2
Armament 76 mm L5A1 gun fitted to FV601 Saladin . 76 mm L23A1 gun fitted to FV101 Scorpion , M113A1 fire support vehicle (Australia); Cougar (6 × 6) wheeled fire support vehicle (Canada). Development Originally developed for use with the 76 mm L3A1 gun (later developed to the L5A1 standard) fitted to the Saladin (6 × 6) armoured car, the 76 mm L24A1/A2 HE-T cartridge is also used with the 76 mm L23A1 gun which is lighter than the L5A1 but has the same overall performance. The 76 mm HE-T L24A1/A2 is intended for general infantry fire support in the field. In April 1992, a ban was placed on firing L23A1 guns on British Army Scorpions and the gun was withdrawn from British Army service, along with the Scorpions. The design authority for this ammunition rests with BAE Systems , RO Defence. Description The Cartridge 76 mm HE-T L24A1/A2 (actual calibre is 76.2 mm) is a fixed round. The projectile is fitted with a L17A6 nose fuze which functions on impact and may be fitted with a proximity fuze if desired. The shell body is manufactured using high-tensile steel to ensure the maximum number of fragments travelling at high velocity on detonation. The filling is 1.5 kg of RDX/TNT. An L5A2 tracer is fitted into the projectile base and burns for a minimum of 5 seconds. Maximum range is 6,900 m. The relatively short brass cartridge case contains a nominal 570 g of NQ/M 07 triple-base propellant and is fitted with a percussion primer in the base. A version of this round used for training is known as the 76 mm HE-Prac-T L25A1. It matches the L25A1/A2 HE-T trajectory at realistic combat ranges. The weight and overall length are the same as the HE-T L24A1/A2 round but the filling is an inert substitute. Authorised fuzes PD L17A6 and similar Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: 76 mm HE-T M330 Description: Fitted with a PD M557 or equivalent fuze. Projectile contains Composition B and the round utilises a single base multiperforation propellant. Fitted with an M13 type tracer which burns for more than 3 seconds. Direct fire range is 2,500 m and maximum range for indirect fire is 6,900 m. An HE-TP-T M332 for training is availableЧитати далі
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