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Каталог оборонних продуктів — Сторінка 148

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7.5 × 54 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
France
7.5 × 54 mm
Synonyms 7.5 mm French; 7.5 mm MAS; 7.5 mm Mle 1929 Armament The 7.5 mm Mle 1929 cartridge was originally developed for the Mle 1924/29 Chatellerault light machine gun by Manufacture d'Armes de Saint Etienne (MAS). The original round had a case length of 58 mm but was shortened to 54 mm in 1929. Cases are usually of brass, but parkerised steel cases were used shortly after WW II and lacquered steel cases were used between 1952 and the end of the 1960's. The M1924C bullet, with a cannelure, was adopted in 1934. The jacket of this bullet may be cupro-nickel or gilding metal clad steel. It remained the standard French service cartridge until the adoption of the 7.62 × 51 mm NATO cartridge in the 1970s. It remained in service because of the large number of 7.5 mm weapons still in use and since 1985 has been loaded with a standard 7.62 mm NATO bullet, which has the same diameter. The cartridge was also adopted by French colonial forces and when these countries became independent the weapons in this caliber were retained, although in most cases the 7.5 × 54 mm has now been superseded by other calibres. Military production was by both government factories and commercial manufacturers. The cartridge continues in production in small quantities. Description The case is rimless and bottlenecked, Berdan or Boxer primed and made of brass or lacquered steel or, for short-range target ammunition, aluminium alloy. The ball bullet is non-streamlined and of conventional construction, using a lead core and steel jacket. Tracer, AP and AP/T variants were also in service. FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: Balle ordinaire: FMJ; 9.25 g; MV 825 m/s Balle M1933 or F1: see above Balle T (Tracer): FMJ; red trace; 8.95 g; MV 820 m/s Plastic short-range: Brass case, plastic bullet; 8.1 g; MV 810 m/s Blank: Brass case, rose crimp Manufacturer SFM Défense Type: Ball: MV 830 m/s Tracer: no details TR reduced charge: Plastic; ? g; MV 675 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball: FMJ; 9 g; MV 835 m/sЧитати далі
20 × 82 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
20 × 82 mm
Synonyms 20 mm MG151 Armament MG 151; ML60; AML Bitube; GA1 ; Mechem NTW 20. Development This was developed by the Mauser company in the 1930s as a possible anti-tank projectile, but was eventually used in the aircraft cannon and light anti-aircraft guns used by both Germany and Japan . In post-war years the cannon was manufactured in France and used to arm light armoured vehicles. Manufacture ceased in about 1970 but a number of guns still exist, notably in various African states. The ammunition is still manufactured by Manurhin. Manufacture, in South Africa , of the GA1 cannon commenced in the late 1980s. The South African cartridge has minor dimensional differences to the original but chambers and functions in the MG 151 and similar weapons. The cartridge has recently been introduced into service, in a modified form, as an anti-materiél round. Description A short, rimless, bottlenecked brass case, percussion primed. The wartime projectiles were usually those of the 20 × 80RB Oerlikon gun, and post-war production generally followed current Oerlikon designs. South African projectiles use soft iron driving bands to minimise barrel wear. FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I: Steel shell filled Hexal 70/30, nose impact fuze 16/18 Mle 61; 112 g; MV 720 m/s HE-I: As above but with nose impact fuze MR21 HE-I-T: Steel two-section shell, front-filled Hexal 70/30; nose impact fuze 16/18 Mle 61; rear-filled red trace to 1,200 m; 112 g; MV 720 m/s HE-I-T: As above but with nose impact fuze MR21 AP-I: Pointed steel shell filled incendiary composition from base; 120 g; MV 720 m/s AP-T: Pointed steel shell with cavity partly filled inert, remainder filled red trace to 1,500 m; 120 g; MV 720 m/s; penetration 20 mm RHA at normal engagement ranges TP: Pointed, flat-nosed shell, empty, 112 g; MV 720 m/s TP-T: As above but cavity part filled inert, remainder with red tracer SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP a Division of Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: HE-I: Steel shell filled Hexal 30; nose impact fuze; soft iron driving band; 110 g; MV 720 m/s HE-I-T: Two-section steel shell, front section filled Hexal P30, rear section red tracer; nose impact fuze; 110 g; MV 720 m/s SAP-HE-I: Pointed shell filled Hexal P30; ballistic cap and base fuze; 110 g; MV 720 m/s; penetration 15 mm armour plate (110 kg/m 2 ) at 100 m range TP: HE-I shell body filled inert; dummy fuze; 110 g; MV 720 m/s TP-T: As for TP but with tracer; 110 g; MV 720 m/sЧитати далі
20 × 128 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Spain
20 × 128 mm
Synonyms 20 mm Oerlikon KAA Armament Oerlikon KAA (204GK), KAB (5TG), GAM-B01; Spanish Meroka. Development This round was developed by Oerlikon in the 1950s, for various designs of cannon and anti-aircraft guns. The same range of projectiles is also used for the 20 × 139 mm ammunition for the Hispano Suiza HS820 gun. Description The case is of lacquered steel, with a percussion primer. Projectile weights vary between 125 and 128 g, but charges are regulated to give a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s in an 85 calibre length barrel (KAA) or 1,100 m/s in a 105 calibre barrel (KAB). FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I: Steel shell, filled Hexal; fuzed MR207 impact fuze with self-destruction between 5 - 9 seconds; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) HE-I-T: Steel two-section shell, front loaded Hexal, rear loaded red tracer; nose impact fuze MR207 giving self-destruction between 5 - 9 seconds; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) AP (HC): Light-alloy body with tungsten carbide penetrator; 110 g; MV 1,150 m/s (KAA); MV 1,200 m/s (KAB) AP-T (HC): As for AP (HC) above but with red tracer SAP-HE-I: Pointed shell with ballistic cap; shell filled HE-Incendiary mixture and fuzed MR208 base fuze with short delay and self-destruction between 5 - 9 seconds; 128 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) SAP-HE-I-T: As SAP-HE-I with the addition of red tracer TP: HE-I shell body, empty; dummy fuze; 125 g; Mv 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) TP-T: HE-I-T shell body with front section empty, rear section filled tracer; dummy fuze; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) NETHERLANDS Manufacturer NWM de Kruithoorn (now closed) Type: Break-up Shot MN13: Plastic shell body containing dust shot. Disintegrates by centrifugal action outside the muzzle. Used for training, practice in confined areas and gun testing. 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s SPAIN Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: Mine HE-I: Steel thin-walled shell, loaded 18 g Hexal; fuzed KZA-199 nose fuze with self-destruction; electric primed SAP-HE-I: Steel pointed shell with alloy ballistic cap, loaded 5.4 g Hexal; fuzed BZ-0144 base fuze with self-destruction; electric primed TP-T: Steel shell with forward section empty and dummy fuze, rear section loaded red tracer; electric primed SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: HE-I (NF): A steel-bodied shell filled 10 g Hexal and fitted with a nose impact fuze which also provides self-destruction after 4 - 9 seconds; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) HE-I-T (NF): A steel-bodied shell in two sections, the front section filled with 5.6 g Hexal and the rear section filled with tracer composition; nose fuze providing self-destruction after 4 - 9 seconds; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) HE-I (BF): An optimised steel-bodied shell to defeat modern air targets. Filled with 6.4 g Hexal and 2.5 g incendiary composition; base delay fuze providing self-destruction after 4 - 9 seconds; 128 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) AP-I-T: Light-alloy body carrying a tungsten carbide penetrator with incendiary composition, and a rear tracer; 128 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB). Optimised mix with HE-A (BF) SAP-HE-I: Pointed steel shell with light-alloy ballistic cap, filled 4.7 g Hexal; base delay fuze providing self-destruction after 4 - 9 seconds; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) SAP-HE-I-T: As for SAP-HE-I above but with red tracer; 125 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) TP: Steel shell with empty cavity plugged with dummy fuze; 128 g; MV 1,050 m/s (KAA); MV 1,100 m/s (KAB) TP-T: Similar to the TP but a two-section shell, the rear section being filled with tracer composition. Weight and velocities as for TPЧитати далі
152 mm FRAG-HE-BB 3OF61
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Slovakia
152 mm FRAG-HE-BB 3OF61
Armament 152 mm Gun-Howitzer 2A65 ( M1987 or MSTA-B). Self-propelled equipments include: 152 mm 2S19 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; 152 mm Self-propelled Howitzer ONDAVA. Development The 152 mm FRAG-HE-BB 3OF61 projectile may be regarded as the long-range counterpart of the 152 mm 3OF45 and is a close design relation to the other 152 mm ammunition developments. It is intended for general operational use with the latest generation of Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) long-barrelled 152 mm gun-howitzers. The 152 mm FRAG-HE 3OF61 is issued with a single cartridge case to form the 3VOF91 round. The 152 mm FRAG-HE-BB 3OF61 is marketed by VO GED, Moscow. Description The 152 mm FRAG-HE 3OF61 projectile is a separate loading item of ammunition consisting of the projectile and a charge system contained in a lacquered steel cartridge case. The relatively thin-walled projectile is of high-fragmentation steel with a long streamlined ogive and a shallow bourrelet. The main projectile body is basically the same as that for the FRAG-HE OF-43 and is 1.5 to 2 times more effective on target than the 152 mm FRAG-HE OF-540. A single copper drive band encircles the projectile just forward of the screw-on Base Bleed (BB) tail unit. The contents are nominally 7.8 kg of A-IX-2 (RDX 72 per cent, Aluminium 23 per cent, Wax 4 per cent). This payload, combined with the high-fragmentation steel body, is claimed to provide the 152 mm FRAG-HE 3OF61 with an on-target effect 1.5 to 2 times that of the 152 mm FRAG-HE OF-540 (see separate entry). The nose of the projectile is threaded to accept a variety of fuzes but no firm information is yet forthcoming regarding the models or types involved; mention has been made of KZ-88 point impact and RGM-2 delay (0.027 to 0.055 second) fuzes. The cartridge case involved is lacquered steel with a KV-4 percussion primer in the base. No information is available regarding the weight and type of propellant involved. Maximum muzzle velocity is 828 m/s and maximum range 29,000 m. Authorised fuzes PD KZ-88 and RGM-2 (not confirmed) Equivalent projectiles FINLAND FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Type: 152 mm HE BB Description: Muzzle velocity given as 690 m/s and maximum range 23,000 m SLOVAKIA Manufacturer Konstrukta Defence Type: 152 mm FRAG-HE-BB OFd M1 Description: This round is part of a family of 152 mm ammunition developed for use with the ONDAVA Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer. (Other projectiles include a boat tailed 152 mm FRAG-HE similar to the RFAS 3OF45 and the EOF (the Czech OF-540)). The 152 mm FRAG-HE-BB OFd M1 projectile weighs 42.8 kg complete and contains 7.9 kg of TNT/RDX. Muzzle velocity is 882 m/s and maximum range 32,000 mЧитати далі
Vammas 60 mm HE bombs
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Finland
Vammas 60 mm HE bombs
Description These bombs were originally designed by Tampella Defence Division (which was merged with Vammas in 1991) and upgraded by Vammas. They can be used in 60 mm smoothbore Tampella mortars. The bomb body is made from a steel casting and machined to shape. The tail unit is made from extruded aluminium. Manufacturer Vammas Oy.Читати далі
81 mm HE bomb TAM 4.2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Finland
81 mm HE bomb TAM 4.2
Armament All 81 mm smoothbore mortars. Development This bomb was originally designed by Tampella Defence Division (which was merged with Vammas in 1991) and upgraded by Vammas. Description The bomb body is made from a steel casting and machined to shape. The tail unit is made from extruded aluminium. Manufacturer Vammas Oy.Читати далі
Vammas 120 mm HE bombs
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Finland
Vammas 120 mm HE bombs
Description The 120 mm mortar bomb TAM 12.8 was originally designed by Tampella Defence Division and has been upgraded by Vammas. The long-range bomb VAM 14.9 was designed by Vammas and is under test. Both can be used in Tampella 120 mm smoothbore mortars. The body of the TAM 12.8 bomb is made from a steel casting and machined to shape. That of the VAM 14.9 bomb is made from forged steel. The tail unit of both bombs is of extruded aluminium.Читати далі
Lapua 12 gauge rubber shot shells
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Finland
Lapua 12 gauge rubber shot shells
Synonyms none Armament Suitably chambered 12 gauge shotguns. Development By Lapua to provide less than lethal shotgun shells for use in crowd control, peacekeeping and similar situations where lethal force is not appropriate. Description Lapua manufactures two rubber shot shells, one in conventional 00 buckshot (8 mm) loaded with 12 pellets and one loaded with 300 pellets of rubber Nr. 5 (3 mm) shot. The latter shell is intended for close range use, as the velocity and energy of the small pellets rapidly fall off to virtually nil within 20 m. Specifications (figures for 3 mm shell in parentheses) Calibre: 12 gauge Round length: 70 mm (2.75 in) Rim diameter: 22 mm Projectile weight : 6.8 g total Muzzle velocity : Approx 160 m/s Muzzle energy: 263 J (1,053 J) Max range: Approx 50 m Max effective range: 25 m (15 m) FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Lapua Oy PO Box 5 FIN-62101 LAPUA Finland Tel: (+358 6) 431 01 11 Fax: (+359 6) 431 03 17 Web: http://www.lapua.comЧитати далі
Lapua 12 gauge rubber slug round
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Finland
Lapua 12 gauge rubber slug round
Synonyms none Armament Suitably chambered 12 gauge shotguns. Development By Lapua to provide less than lethal shotgun shells for use in crowd control, peacekeeping and similar situations where lethal force is not appropriate. Description The Lapua rubber slug is intended for use at greater distances than the rubber shot shells described previously against point-type targets. The round can be `skip fired' to lessen its lethality and minimise the chances for severe injury. This round can cause severe injuries when fired against personnel at ranges of less than 20 m and can be fatal at ranges of less than 10 m. FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Lapua Oy PO Box 5 FIN-62101 LAPUA Finland Tel: (+358 6) 431 01 11 Fax: (+359 6) 431 03 17 Web: http://www.lapua.comЧитати далі
Ammunition for 57 mm L/70 Bofors guns 57 mm HCER-BB
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Malaysia
Ammunition for 57 mm L/70 Bofors guns 57 mm HCER-BB
Armament Bofors SAK 57 L/70 Mk 1; Bofors SAK 57 L/70 Mk 2; Bofors SAK 57 L/70 Mk 3. Development The first Bofors 57 mm automatic naval gun was an L/60 gun developed during the 1920s. Development of a longer L/70 version began in 1964, leading to the Bofors SAK 57 L/70 Mk 1 which entered service in mid-1966. A more advanced version, the 57 mm L/70 Mk 2, using a lightweight mounting and with the capability to be effective against sea-skimming anti-ship missiles, appeared in prototype form in 1981. The first example of the 57 mm L/70 Mk 2 entered service in 1985, together with a new family of operational and training ammunition, enabling the gun to carry out the anti-ship missile defence role. About 25 57 mm L/70 Mk 2 guns were produced. Most of the rounds fired from the 57 mm L/70 Mk 2 gun can be used with the L/70 Mk 1, in some cases after a minor modification has been incorporated. The 57 mm L/70 Mk 3 ordnance is identical to the 57 mm L/70 Mk 2 but the mounting incorporates state-of-the-art `stealth' technology for the mounting on which the gun remains hidden until exposed for firing. There are two new rounds, the 57 mm 3P and HCER-BB (see below), under development for this gun. 5,000 rounds of the 3P round are scheduled for delivery to the Swedish Defence Matèriel Administration (FMV) during 2001. The order, announced during April 1998, includes options for further quantities. These rounds are primarily for use with Bofors 57 mm Mk 3 guns on `Visby' class corvettes. Bofors Explosives has developed Low Vulnerability Ammunition (LOVA, also known as Insensitive Munitions or IM), which includes LOVA propellant and insensitive components such as igniters and boosters. These can be applied to all 57 mm L/70 rounds in production with a view to rendering them even more invulnerable to shock and high temperatures. The US Coast Guard has expressed an interest in procuring a 57 mm naval gun system. From the outlined requirement statement it appears that the 57 mm L/70 Bofors naval gun is likely to be the only candidate. A tank version of the 57 mm L/70 Bofors naval gun was developed during the late 1970s, along with an associated APDS round. Both appeared in prototype form only. Description All Bofors 57 mm L/70 rounds are fixed, with the projectiles rigidly crimped to the 437 mm long brass cartridge cases by two crimping rings engaging in two cannelures close to the projectiles' bases. Most rounds have conical or hemispherical base outlines to improve aerodynamics and to optimise the internal volume. Drive bands are copper and priming is electrical. Ammunition currently available includes the following: 57 mm PFHE This round is intended for use against air targets, including sea-skimming anti-ship missiles. It uses a projectile with a prefragmented high-quality steel body fitted with a proximity fuze. The fuze operates on the Doppler principle and includes the same electronics used in the proximity fuze fitted to the 40 mm L/70 PFHE Mk 2 round (qv), thus providing increased triggering distances and increased resistance to ECM. When the fuze functions, either as a proximity fuze or on impact, the projectile body detonates to produce approximately 3,500 fragments, 1,200 of which are integral 3 mm tungsten pellets with high penetration capabilities. The pellets are carried around the inner wall of the projectile body, packed around the filling which is 380 g of Hexotonal. The fuze triggering distance is 7 m against aircraft or helicopters at an altitude of 40 m or more, and up to 4.5 m against small missiles. Against targets at lower altitudes an automatic sensitivity control in the fuze reduces the sensitivity level, so when firing against a target flying at 5 m altitude the triggering distance is up to 3 m. If required, the proximity fuze can be used against surface targets by disconnecting the proximity function, therefore converting the fuze to a point-detonating type. When used in the proximity mode the fuze also has an integral point-detonating function. In either case the fuze will initiate a self-destruct function after approximately 17 seconds. A complete 57 mm L/70 PFHE round weighs 6.1 kg, 2.4 kg of which is the projectile. Muzzle velocity is 1,020 m/s. The maximum effective range, when used in the proximity fuze mode, is 7,500 to 7,600 m, while maximum possible range in the point detonating mode is 13,200 m. TDA of France produce a multimode proximity fuze, the 57 MM, for 57 mm L/70 projectiles. For training with 57 mm L/70 PFHE rounds and other purposes, a special 57 mm Target Practice Proximity fuzed (TPPX) round is produced. This round is ballistically matched to the 57 mm L/70 PFHE but the filling is restricted to a 65 g charge of Hexotol, sufficient to provide a visual burst indication of the proximity fuze functioning. As an alternative, an inert 57 mm L/70 TP round may be used. 57 mm 3P The 57 mm 3P round is a scaled-up version of the 40 mm 3P programmable round employed on TRINITY and suitably modified 40 mm L/70 air defence guns (qv). The 3P (Prefragmented, Programmable, Proximity-fuzed) projectile weighs 2.4 kg and carries 460 g of Octonal surrounded by approximately 2,400 3 mm diameter tungsten carbide pellets. The nose-mounted fuze can be programmed to provide six fuze modes on this round. By means of a Proximity Fuze Programmer (PFP), connected to a gun fire-control computer, 3P fuzes can be individually programmed as they are fed into the gun chamber. Programming is carried out in two steps. In the first, a DC voltage is transmitted to the fuze to initiate its electronics and to make an initial selection of the required mode. In the second step, taken only milliseconds before firing, a high-frequency data message containing additional mode information and predicted time of flight to the target is transmitted to the fuze. The following modes can be selected: Auto mode 1. Range gated proximity function with impact function and self-destruct at the end of the gate Auto mode 2. Range gated proximity function with impact priority and self-destruct at the end of the gate Time mode. Accurate time function Impact mode. Impact function with post-impact delay (0.3 ms) and self-destruct after about 15 seconds Armour mode. Armour-piercing function Proximity mode. Normal proximity function with impact function and self-destruct. In the Auto modes, the range to the predicted future point of the target is transmitted to the 3P fuze and the fuze ignores all signals until it comes to the gate. This provides immunity against Electronic CounterMeasures (ECM) and natural disturbances outside the absolute proximity of the fuze. In Auto mode 2, the proximity function is delayed to give priority to a possible impact function. As the 3P fuze ignores all signals outside the range gate the sensitivity of the fuze is increased to up to 10 m against aircraft and helicopters and 5 m against missiles. This increased sensitivity together with the increased number of fragments and 3 mm diameter tungsten carbide pellets greatly increases the kill effect against all types of aerial target. The time function causes the 3P fuze to act as a normal time fuze. The accuracy of the time setting is less than 0.5 per cent of the time of flight and typically 0.2 per cent. For a typical example, the clock's accuracy (together with the deviation in muzzle velocity) gives a dispersion of 7 m at a range of 1,500 m. The Impact mode is selected when a high-hit probability is expected. There is a 0.3 ms post impact delay permitting the projectile to penetrate the target before detonating. In the Armour mode the safety/arming device is prevented from arming, so that on impact with a hard target the 3P projectile will shock ignite with a delayed low order detonation. The fuze will operate on targets such as a 2 mm dural plate. When no mode selection is made or the range to a target is not known, the 3P fuze will operate as a conventional proximity fuze with an impact function. The 3P fuze has two major parts, an electronics unit and a pyromechanical safety and arming section. The electronics unit contains a clock, central processor unit for programming the fuze, a signal processor, the ECCM circuits and triggering circuits including the impact function devices. The safety and arming device is controlled by the integral clock. About 200 ms after firing (about 200 m from the muzzle) the clock ignites an electric detonator which, together with the spin, arms the safety and arming device; the device also contains mechanical devices for transport and bore safety. The 3P Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler fuze is powered by a battery initiated by setback. Full power is established after a few milliseconds, after which the fuze starts to emit, using the shell as an antenna. As the 3P fuze functions the 460 g Octonal filling produces a powerful blast effect. Fragments, including the 2,400 tungsten carbide pellets, will travel outwards at velocities as high as 1,500 m/s. Due to their shape and mass the pellets will be able to cause significant component damage on targets several metres away. With the 57 mm 3P projectile some of the pellets are arranged behind the ogive and are thus distributed over a wider area than 57 mm L/70 PFHE projectiles. 57 mm HCER The 57 mm L/70 High Capacity Extended Range (HCER) round is in production for use against a variety of naval targets. The projectile has a streamlined outline with a hemispherical base, providing a good aerodynamic outline and a maximum range of 17,000 m. The special steel projectile weighs 6.5 kg and contains 410 g of Octonal. The nose of the projectile is occupied by a point detonating fuze with a post-impact delay of 5 ms to provide maximum behind-armour effects, even against targets protected by up to 15 mm of armour. Muzzle velocity is 950 m/s. The 57 mm L/70 HCER round was designed for use in the SAK 57 L/70 Mk 2 naval gun but it can be fired from the Mk 1 gun after a minor modification has been incorporated. It may also be fired from the 57 mm L/70 Mk 3 naval gun. For training purposes a special 57 mm L/70 Target Practice Extended Range (TPER) is produced with the same ballistic characteristics as the 57 mm L/70 HCER round. It has no filling and is fitted with a dummy fuze. 57 mm HCER-BB Still under development, this round may be used with both the 57 mm L/70 Mk 2 and Mk 3 naval guns. A complete projectile weighs 2.85 kg, of which 310 g is the Octonal explosive filling. The muzzle velocity will be 950 m/s and maximum range 21,000 m. An impact fuze with an optional post-impact delay function is provided. Advantages claimed for this round include low dispersion, an extremely short time of flight, a flatter trajectory giving a large `danger zone', and reduced influence from atmospherics. Test firings have been made but type classification is still `some time off'. 57 mm HE This is a general purpose round with a projectile machined from bars of special steel. The explosive filling is 450 g of Hexotonal, detonated by a point detonating fuze with no delay element; the fuze is armed approximately 70 m from the gun muzzle. Weight of propellant is 1.126 kg. Proximity fuzes may be employed if required ( TDA of France produces a multimode proximity fuze, the 57 MM, for 57 mm L/70 projectiles). Muzzle velocity is 1,020 m/s and maximum range 13,800 m. For training purposes an inert 57 mm L/70 TP round is produced with the same ballistic characteristics as the 57 mm L/70 HE round. It has no filling and is fitted with a nose plug in place of a fuze. Authorised fuzes See text FINLAND FINLAND Manufacturer Sako Limited Type: 57 mm × 438 TP Description: Standard specifications MALAYSIA Manufacturer SME Ordnance Sdn Bhd Type: 57 mm L/70 TP LAP 3 Description: Standard specifications NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: 57 mm PFHE, 3P, HCER, HCER-BB, HE Description: Standard specificationsЧитати далі
Nammo
Nammo
7.65 × 21 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
7.65 × 21 mm
Synonyms 7.65 mm Parabellum ; 7.65 mm Luger; 0.30 Luger Armament Parabellum (Luger) pistols of 7.65 mm calibre; some Beretta, Ruger,SIG, Walther and Bernardelli pistols. Development This is a shortened version of the 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge developed by Georg Luger for the original 1900 Luger pistol. For many years it was the standard pistol cartridge of Brazil , Finland , Latvia , Portugal, Switzerland and other countries. Although not currently used by any army, it can still be found in use with some police and security forces. Description The brass case is rimless and bottlenecked, Berdan or Boxer primed. Many commercial bullet types are to be found, and the original military bullet was a cylindro-conoidal flat-tipped jacketed type. The current military standard is a jacketed round-nose bullet of 6.02 g weight. FINLAND Manufacturer Nammo Lapua Cartridge Factory Ltd Type: Ball 4317530: FMJ; 6 g; MV 405 m/s GERMANY Manufacturer Dynamit Nobel (Geco) Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 385 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 360 m/s Ball: JSP; 5.9 g; MV 350 m/s PORTUGAL Manufacturer INDEP Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 350 m/s SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP Type: Ball: FMJ; 4.86 g; MV 300 m/s SWEDEN Manufacturer Norma AB Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 375 m/s SWITZERLAND Manufacturer SM (Swiss Munition Enterprise) Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 374 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Winchester-Olin Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 372 m/sЧитати далі
Nammo
Nammo
85 mm FRAG O-365K
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Egypt
85 mm FRAG O-365K
Armament 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 ; 85 mm Auxiliary-propelled Field Gun SD-44 ; 85 mm M1944 ZIS-S-53 tank gun; 85 mm Anti-aircraft Gun M1939 and M1944 ; 85 mm Field Gun Type 56 ; 85 mm Field Gun M52 and M52/55 . Development From the 85 mm M1939 anti-aircraft gun onwards, the 85 mm calibre became a virtual all-purpose calibre for the Soviet Union and its later Warsaw Pact allies. It was applied to field, anti-tank, tank and anti-aircraft guns, all firing essentially similar ammunition. The 85 mm calibre weapons are still in service with many nations (including China , where many of the Soviet artillery designs were copied), usually as a towed anti-armour weapon which can double as a field gun, for example the 85 mm Divisional Field Gun D-44 or its Czech counterpart the 85 mm Field Gun M52 . For this latter role the 85 mm FRAG O-365K, often referred to as a FRAG-HE, acts as the latest in a line of similar general purpose HE rounds. For instance, the earlier and similar FRAG O-365 was produced in two-part form. The upper portion of the ogive could be unthreaded to allow a T-5 powder train time fuze to be installed for firing from anti-aircraft guns. The 85 mm FRAG O-365K is still available from ROMARM of Romania although it is no longer in series production. Standard 85 mm projectiles were used with the 85 mm anti-tank gun D-48 and the 85 mm D-70 gun used on the ASU-85 air-portable self-propelled anti-tank gun. These rounds have 100 mm cartridge cases necked down to 85 mm to provide the high muzzle velocities produced by their increased propellant loadings. Polish equivalents include the O-365Z and O-365ZW with sintered iron drive bands and cast-iron projectiles. Other similar rounds include the O-367A, O-367AZ and O-367AZW. Description The 85 mm FRAG O-365K is a fixed round for anti-aircraft guns. The projectile is rigidly fixed to the cartridge case by two 360º crimping rings engaging in two cannelures located under the twin gilding metal or copper drive bands, one 12.2 mm wide and the other 11.2 mm wide. The 85 mm FRAG O-365K body is made from forged steel; it has relatively thick walls, a bourrelet and a boat tail. The filling is 780 g of cast TNT, although other explosives have been used. One version of the FRAG O-365K was produced in two-part form, with which the upper portion of the ogive could be unthreaded to enable powder train time fuzes to be employed when firing from anti-aircraft guns. An 85 mm FRAG O-367A round was in service with the East German Army. The complete round weighed 15.9 kg and the projectile 9.54 kg. Muzzle velocity was 805 m/s with a full propellant charge (2.77 kg) or 655 m/s with a reduced (1.52 kg) propellant charge. The cartridge case is usually brass, although lacquered steel has been used. It contains 2.6 kg of 14/7 stick and powder propellant plus S-1 decoppering agent and wear additives, to provide a muzzle velocity of 793 m/s, although some reduced propellant loads were developed and produced. A percussion primer is threaded into the base and surrounded internally by a black powder priming charge. The muzzle velocity of 793 m/s can produce a maximum range of 15,650 m when fired from the 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 . For training use over short ranges a special variant of the 85 mm FRAG O-365K was developed. This reduced range version contains a self-destruct assembly threaded into, and protruding from, the projectile base and containing a tracer element burning for 2 to 6 seconds. The self-destruct device operates between 3.5 and 5 seconds after firing, equating to a range between 2,000 and 3,400 m. This training round is otherwise identical in appearance and external ballistics to the operational 85 mm FRAG O-365K, including the retention of the nose-mounted fuze. It is still produced in Romania where it is marketed by SN ROMARM SA. Authorised fuzes PD KTM-1, KTM-1U, KTM3-1Y MT WM-16 or Time T-5 Equivalent rounds EGYPT EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: HE and FRAG-HE Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: HE and Reduced Range HE O-365KV Description: No longer in series production. HE identical to FRAG O-365K. For details of Reduced Range HE see textЧитати далі
100 mm AP-T 53-BR-412 and 53-BR-412B
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Egypt
100 mm AP-T 53-BR-412 and 53-BR-412B
Armament 100 mm D-10 series tank guns (including NORINCO Type 59 ); 100 mm field gun BS-3; 100 mm KS-19 anti-aircraft gun; NORINCO 100 mm field gun and 100 mm anti-tank gun Type 73; 100 mm Field Gun M53 ; 100 mm towed anti-tank gun M1977 ; 100 mm towed anti-tank gun M1977 ( Romania ); 100 mm Coast Gun ( Yugoslavia ). Development For many years the 100 mm AP-T 53-BR-412 and its improved variant the AP-T 53-BR-412B, were the main anti-armour projectiles fired from D-10 series tank guns. The 53-BR-412 was introduced into service together with the D-10 gun, while the 53-BR-412B first appeared during the 1950s and replaced the earlier model. It is very likely that these two rounds are no longer in production. However, the 53-BR-412B is still marketed by Egypt and Romania , while in Yugoslavia the 53-BR-412B was offered for export sales as the AP-T M65 , although the status of this round is now uncertain. The complete round using the 53-BR-412B projectile is the 53-UBR-412. A later round using the same projectile is known as the 3UBR-3. Romanian rounds in this calibre include the AP-T BR-412B and the so-called APC-T BR-412D. Description The 100 mm AP-T 53-BR-412 and 53-BR-412B rounds are both fixed, with the projectile rigidly secured to the brass cartridge case by a single 360º crimping ring, engaging in a single cannelure located between the two copper drive bands on the projectile. The two projectiles mainly differ in their hardened steel body shapes. The 53-BR-412 has a pointed solid nose while the 53-BR-412B has a blunt nose concealed under a light-alloy windshield, to preserve the ballistic outline. Both projectiles have a small internal cavity close to the base which contains 64 g of A-IX-2 (RDX/Aluminium) for behind-armour effects, ignited after a short delay by a base detonating MD-8 fuze made of steel. A protrusion from the base houses a tracer element. The brass or lacquered steel cartridge case contains approximately 5.5 kg of NGH propellant in stick form. A KW-13 or KW-13U percussion primer is threaded into the base. Brass cases are made from MK-75 brass and weigh 8.5 kg. The flange diameter is 147.5 mm. Both projectiles have a muzzle velocity of approximately 900 m/s. The 53-BR-412 can penetrate 135 mm of vertical armour at 1,000 m and the 53-BR-412B penetration at the same range is 185 mm. A 100 mm AP-T 53-BR-412B projectile has a 77 per cent chance of hitting a static tank sized target at a range of 1,800 m under ideal conditions; performance under combat conditions may be much lower. Authorised fuzes BD MD-8, MD-8M1 or DBR-2 Equivalent rounds EGYPT EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: AP-T Description: Exact model uncertain but believed to be based on 53-BR-412B. Projectile weight is 14.74 kg, containing 54 g of Hexal initiated by a DER-2 BD fuze, with complete round weight being 29.6 kg. Muzzle velocity is 925 m/s, using 5.72 kg of an unspecified propellant. An inert training round is available ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: AP-T BR-412B, APC-T BR-412D Description: AP-T BR-412B complete round length given as 992 mm. Propellant for both is NDT 3 18/1. Armour penetration for AP-T BR-412B given as 150 mm at 1,000 m while that for the APC-T BR-412D given as 185 mm at 1,000 m. YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: AP-T M65 Description: Probably no longer in production. Standard specifications for 53-BR-412BЧитати далі
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M735 and M735A1
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Egypt
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M735 and M735A1
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development The 105 mm APFSDS-T M735 was one of the first rounds of its type to be issued on any large scale to US armed forces tank units. It is still widely used by many other armed forces but has been supplemented by the later M735A1 which utilises a Depleted Uranium (DU, or staballoy) penetrator core in place of the tungsten alloy core used on the M735. Production of the M735/M735A1 ceased in the USA during the 1980s but continues in Egypt . Known Foreign Military Sales (FMS) exports of the M735 were made to Egypt (14,105), Greece (83,957), Japan (400), Jordan (1,400), South Korea (8,577), Lebanon (7,052), Morocco (4,210), Muscat and Oman (5,376), Pakistan (5,000), Saudi Arabia (5,062), Taiwan (3,333), Thailand (14,656), Tunisia (1,674) and Turkey (12,136). Smaller sample batches of less than 100 units were also passed to Austria, Switzerland and the UK. Description The 105 mm APFSDS-T M735 and M735A1 have the same basic construction, consisting of a fixed round with the projectile assembly crimped onto an M148A1B1 cartridge case. The projectile assembly consists of a subprojectile and a sabot. The M735 subprojectile consists of a nickel-steel (maraging steel) body containing a blunt-nosed tungsten alloy core 35 mm in diameter towards the tip, with a pronounced taper towards the tail. The M735A1 has a Depleted Uranium (DU, or staballoy) core. The front part of the body has an aluminium windshield with a steel tip to prevent aerodynamic heating. An aluminium fin assembly is fitted to the rear of the body and contains an M13 tracer, which burns for a minimum of 2.5 seconds, held in place by a threaded plug and disc assembly. The sabot is aluminium and has three 120º segments assembled around the subprojectile body and interfaced with the penetrator body by a series of mating buttress grooves. A stainless steel bourrelet, containing three shear cuts, is screwed onto the forward face of the sabot. A nylon obturator and polypropylene seal is assembled around it and a urethane seal is applied over the rear face. The brass M148A1B1 cartridge case contains approximately 5.67 kg of M30 propellant. An M120 electrical primer is fitted to the base; the primer includes a flash tube extending almost to the tail of the projectile assembly. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. A barrel wear reducing titanium dioxide liner is secured to the interior wall of the cartridge case. The 105 mm APFSDS-T M735 and M735A1 have a muzzle velocity of 1,501 m/s. The M735A1 penetrator can penetrate approximately 370 mm of armour set at 0º at 1,000 m. The US Army training round for the 105 mm M735/M735A1 is the TPDS-T M724A1. The TPDS-T M724A1 is also produced in Belgium by MECAR SA and in Egypt by the Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries. In the USA the main producer of the TPDS-T M724A1 is General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS ). The main details for the TPDS-T M724A1 are round weight, 14.52 kg and round length, 838.2 mm. Muzzle velocity is 1,539 m/s using a single-base propellant. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds EGYPT EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: APFSDS-T M735 Description: Standard US specificationsЧитати далі
115 mm APFSDS-T 3UBM-5 round
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Egypt
115 mm APFSDS-T 3UBM-5 round
Armament 115 mm U-5TS (2A20) tank gun; Royal Ordnance (now RO Defence) 115 mm tank gun. Development The 115 mm U-5TS (2A20) smoothbore tank gun was developed during the latter half of the 1950s and entered service in the early 1960s, mounted on the T-62 tank series. The T-62 therefore became the first in-service main battle tank to feature an APFSDS round, the 3BM-3, in its armoury. The later 3BM-6, often referred to as an HVAPFSDS-T, became the standard APFSDS-T projectile on the 3UBM-5 round for the U-5TS gun tanks. There are now few references to the earlier 3BM-3. The 3BM-3 used a similar projectile assembly to the 3BM-6 but fitted with a tungsten carbide nose slug. Another difference is that the 3BM-3 used a separate loading system with the propellant arranged in the same manner as that used on equivalent rounds for 125 mm tank guns. The interim 3BM-4 was a fixed round. The 115 mm APFSDS-T 3BM-6 is unusual among its kind as it uses a hard steel penetrator. A variant of the 3BM-6 with an armour-piercing cap is known to have existed. Also in existence are two further and presumably more recent 115 mm APFSDS rounds, the 3UBM-9 and the 3UBM-13, the latter having a Depleted Uranium (DU) alloy 3BM-28 penetrator weighing 4.36 kg. The 3UBM-9 round weighs 23.5 kg with the 3BM-21 tungsten-steel alloy projectile weighing 6.26 kg. Complete round length is 990 mm and muzzle velocity is 1,600 m/s. The 3UBM-9 round appears to be the current production version and is manufactured by the Engineering Research Institute based in Moscow. Out of its normal combat load of 40 rounds a T-64 normally carries 14 APFSDS-T rounds. Description The 115 mm 3UBM-5 APFSDS-T round is fixed, with the 3BM-6 sabot and projectile assembly crimped into its brass cartridge case. The sabot assembly is of the ring type and made of steel. It is short and interfaces to the penetrator rod via a series of mating buttresses. There are three 120º sabot segments and the entire sabot is encircled by a slipping copper drive band 4.32 mm wide. The projectile is hard steel and is 548.64 mm long; maximum diameter is 41.91 mm. It is fitted with a pointed light alloy ballistic cap covering the blunt front end of the penetrator while a six-finned assembly, also made of steel and with a maximum diameter over the forward-folding fins of 115.06 mm, is threaded on at the rear. A T-20-1 tracer element is carried in the rear of the fin assembly. A variant with an armour-piercing cap over a more pointed penetrator nose is known to exist; it is 549.66 mm long in total and the projectile with sabot weighs 5.4 kg. The rimmed brass cartridge case has an unusual shape as it is necked approximately halfway along its length. It is filled with 6 kg of 12/7 and 18/1 Tr propellant in stick and granular form. The base is fitted with a KV-5-U electrical primer which has a long flash tube. The 3BM-6 APFSDS-T has a muzzle velocity of 1,680 m/s and its maximum effective range is 3,000 m, although most accounts of effective combat range mention 1,500 m. Maximum possible range is 12,230 m. The projectile can penetrate up to 228 mm of armour set at 0º at 1,000 m or 199 mm of armour set at 60º at the same range. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds EGYPT EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: 115 mm APFSDS Description: Muzzle velocity given as 1,610 m/s. In Egypt the U-5TS gun is known as the Y5TC-T62. Many Egyptian T-62s now have Royal Ordnance 115 mm barrelsЧитати далі
NORINCO 107 mm rockets
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Egypt
NORINCO 107 mm rockets
Armament 107 mm Type 63 , Type 63-1 and Type 81 MRS ( China ); Type 85 ( China ); RO 107 MRS and Inflict ( South Africa ); PRL 81 ( Egypt ); 107 mm 12-tube Launcher, 107 mm Monotube Launcher, 107 mm Double-tube Launcher and 107 mm Naval Rocket Launcher ML 2 and ML 4 (all Iran ). Development 107 mm artillery rockets were originally developed during the late 1950s by NORINCO and have been exported widely, usually in association with the towed Type 63 12-tube launcher. The spread has been such that the South African Mechem concern decided to reverse-engineer the Type 63 launcher and develop its own upgraded 107 mm PFHE rocket which has also been exported. Copies or derivatives of the Chinese 107 mm rockets are also produced in Iran (as the Haseb, or Fadjr 1), Iraq , North Korea and Turkey . Description NORINCO 107 mm artillery rockets, often referred to as Type 63 rockets, are spin-stabilised by seven venturi in the base to generate a maximum spin rate of 22,000 rpm (366 rps). They were originally manufactured in two main versions, HE and Incendiary, although updated versions of these have since been produced along with some special purpose rockets (see below). The Type 63-II HE version is 841 mm long, with a cast-iron warhead weighing 8.33 kg, 1.26 kg of which is the TNT main charge. This is detonated by a Jiàn-1 point detonating fuze (also referred to as the MJ-1 and a modified version of the Russian V-25), which has optional graze and delayed action functions; proximity fuzes may also be employed. On detonation, the warhead produces approximately 1,214 fragments spread over a lethal radius of 12.5 m. Maximum range is 8,500 m and total weight 18.837 kg. Maximum velocity is 372 m/s after a launch velocity of 32 m/s, with a maximum spin rate of 22,000 rpm. At maximum range 80 per cent of rockets will fall within an area measuring 150 × 200 m. If necessary this rocket can be fired direct from a sloped earth mound or a similar improvised launcher but accuracy will then be minimal. Minimum launch angle is +4º. The single-tube Type 85 launcher was developed for special forces and weighs 22.5 kg; it can be broken down into manpack loads. The Egyptian PRL 81 single-tube launcher is essentially similar. A Type 63-III HE rocket has an enhanced maximum range (10,000 m), a smaller warhead and the option of an unspecified radio frequency proximity fuze. With the proximity fuze fitted the overall length is increased to 947 mm (897 mm with a conventional impact fuze). Lethal radius on impact is 12.5 m. Also reported is a FRAG-HE rocket with 1,600 6.35 mm steel spheres packed around the explosive warhead. This version weighs 18.9 kg and has a range of 7,800 m. Another essentially similar rocket is known as a Steel Ball Rocket Shell and has a range of 8,500 m. An enhanced version of this type of warhead is available from Mechem in South Africa (see below). The Incendiary 107 mm Type 63-I rocket is 915.2 mm long and contains an inflammable material of an incendiary agent plus White Phosphorus (WP) in its 7.54 kg warhead; total rocket weight is 18.7 kg. The material burns at a temperature of over 700ºC for more than 40 seconds. Maximum range is 8,000 m and minimum range 3,000 m. Launch velocity is 34 m/s, increasing to a maximum of 383 m/s. A 107 mm Type 63 HE-Incendiary rocket contains incendiary pellets which are spread over a casualty radius of 21 m on detonation. This rocket has a range of 8,000 m and weighs 18.8 kg; it is 915 mm long. Production of this version appears to have ceased. One of the latest forms of NORINCO 107 mm rocket is a Cargo round. The contents are 16 Type 81 dual-purpose bomblets, each with a diameter of 39.2 mm and weighing 214 g, 29.5 g of which is the RDX shaped charge. Each bomblet has a lethal radius of 7 m and can penetrate 80 mm of carbon steel armour. When scattered from the rocket in flight under the control of a MS-13 time fuze the bomblets will cover an area of 4,000 m 2 . The 107 mm Cargo round has a maximum range of 8,000 m and weighs 18.9 kg; length is 928 mm. There is also a 107 mm electronic jammer rocket, which ejects a jammer body in flight to allow the jammer to descend by parachute and operate for up to 15 minutes. The area covered by the jamming will measure 500 × 1,200 m after 5 minutes. This version weighs 18.3 kg, is 920 mm long and has an operational range of from 1,000 to 7,800 m. Reference has been made to a 107 mm Illuminating rocket but no details are available. Authorised fuzes Jiàn-1 (MJ-1) PD - see also text Equivalent rockets EGYPT EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: 107 mm HE Description: Intended for use with the PRL 81 single-tube launcher as well as other standard launchers. Weight is 18.7 kg of which 1.26 kg is TNT; the complete fragmentation warhead weighs 8.33 kg. Impact fuze is M491. Maximum range given as 8,500 m. IRAN Manufacturer Aerospace Industries Organisation Type: 107 mm Haseb ( Fadjr 1) Description: Copy of HE version of Chinese Type 63 launched from a 12-tube launcher carried on a 6 × 6 truck or Jeep type vehicle. Other launchers include single- and double-tube launchers and two types of naval launcher. Total weight is 18.6 kg, weight of warhead 6.39 kg, length 838 mm and maximum velocity 375 m/s. Maximum range 8,500 m. At one time this rocket was manufactured and marketed by Shahid Bagheri Missile Industries. IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 107 mm HE Description: Described as being a local development but a close copy of the original Chinese 107 mm Type 63 or its North Korean derivative. Some launchers have been mounted on armoured vehicles. Maximum range given as 8,000 m. KOREA, NORTH Manufacturer State factories Type: 107 mm HE Description: North Korean ordnance factories produced over 3,500 examples of the towed 107 mm Type 63 and their associated rockets, mounting some launchers on YW531 APCs. Many were exported to Lebanon , Iran and organisations such as the PLO. SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Mechem , a member of the Denel Group Type: 107 mm PFHE Description: Developed for use with the towed or palletised RO 107 12-tube launcher, a Type 63 clone, and the single-tube Inflict launcher. This rocket has a Composition B explosive warhead, surrounded by approximately 5,200 steel spheres cast in an epoxy resin sleeve, ready to be detonated by an RO 107 turbine-powered radio proximity fuze weighing 275 g (the fuze has a point detonating back-up function) and manufactured by Fuchs Electronics. The resultant lethal radius is over 20 m with the fragment density stated to be eight times more than for conventional warheads; the average fragment velocity is 900 m/s. Weight of the 107 mm PFHE rocket is 19 kg with the warhead weighing 7.6 kg. Overall length is 920 mm. The 107 mm PFHE rocket can be fired using standard range tables. Mechem are understood to be developing a 107 mm rocket with a range of 11,000 m. TURKEY Manufacturer Rocketsan Type: TR-107 107 mm Extended Range Rocket Description: Weight 19.5 kg and length 840 mm. HE, fragmentation (steel ball) and incendiary warheads available, each weighing 8.4 kg. Range band from 3,000 to over 11,000 m. In volume production for service with the Turkish armed forces.Читати далі
85 mm AP-T BR-365 and BR-365K
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Egypt
85 mm AP-T BR-365 and BR-365K
Armament 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 ; 85 mm Auxiliary-propelled Field Gun SD-44 ; 85 mm M1944 ZIS-S-53 tank gun; 85 mm Anti-aircraft Gun M1939 and M1944 ; 85 mm Field Gun Type 56 ; 85 mm Field Gun M52 and M52/55 . Development The first of the full calibre 85 mm AP-T rounds was the BR-365. This was replaced by the later and generally improved 85 mm AP-T BR-365K. Although superseded by the more powerful 85 mm HVAP-T BR-365P and BR-365PK (see previous entry), the 85 mm AP-T BR-365K remains in service with some former Warsaw Pact nations and nations to whom Soviet military aid was extended, but it is generally regarded as obsolete. The type is still available from Romania where it has been manufactured for export sales by ROMARM; although series production is no longer carried out. Production facilities were also available in Egypt although it is understood that production there has ceased. Description The 85 mm AP-T BR-365K (complete round designation is UBR-365K) is a fixed round with the projectile rigidly fixed to the cartridge case by a single 360º crimping ring engaging in a cannelure located to the rear of the twin copper drive bands. The 85 mm AP-T BR-365K projectile body is a solid hardened steel assembly with a relatively short ogive and two distinctive cannelures set into the body forward of the pressed copper drive bands. The centre of the projectile base is recessed to accommodate a small (48 g) two-part A-IX-2 (desensitised RDX/Aluminium) bursting charge, the MD-8 base fuze and a No 7 tracer assembly in a protruding housing. The brass cartridge case (lacquered steel has been used) has a percussion primer threaded into the base and contains 2.6 kg of stick and granular propellant (14/7 CB and 18/1 TPCB), plus S-1 decoppering and wear additives, providing a muzzle velocity of approximately 800 m/s. This enables the 85 mm AP-T BR-365K to penetrate 94 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 0º at the maximum direct fire range of 970 m. Authorised fuzes MD-8 BD Equivalent rounds CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer State factories Type: AP-T PSv-cs Description: Used by both the former Czechoslovak and East German armed forces. Round weight 15.9 kg and projectile weight 9.2 kg; muzzle velocity 820 m/s. No longer in production EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: AP Description: Standard specifications. 85 mm AP (type unspecified but probably AP-T) produced for 85 mm tank guns. Projectile weight with ballistic shield is 9.155 kg, containing 55 g of Hexogen ignited by an MD-8 fuze. Muzzle velocity is 800 m/s and maximum possible range 16,100 m. No longer in production ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: AP-T Description: Not in series production. Equates to BR-365K. Standard specificationsЧитати далі
Ammunition for Czech 30 mm M53 and M53/59
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Czech Republic
Ammunition for Czech 30 mm M53 and M53/59
Armament 30 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun M53 ; M53/59 and M53/70 twin 30 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun systems. Development The 30 × 220 mm cartridge was originally developed in Czechoslovakia for the M53 towed anti-aircraft gun, but was also later adopted for the self-propelled M53/59 wheeled anti-aircraft gun system. These guns have now been withdrawn from front-line service, due mainly to a lack of any form of modern fire-control system and a low rate of fire, within the Czech Republic and Slovakia but is still held in reserve. The 30 mm M53/70 gun was an export version, with an improved fire-control system, which does not appear to have been produced on a large scale. The M53 and M53/59 remain in service with the armed forces of Libya , Romania , Serbia and Vietnam . The ammunition also remained in production in the former Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) until recently. Yugoslav guns are known as the 30/2 mm M53 and 53/59 (CS). Description The 30 × 220 mm is a fixed round, with the projectile rigidly secured to the necked, lacquered steel cartridge case by a crimping ring which fits into a pronounced cannelure at the base of the projectile. A steel percussion primer, 27 g weight and 73 mm length, is fitted in the base of the cartridge case. The heat-treated steel projectile has a single copper drive band. The propellant utilised is 195 g of a nitrocellulose-based powder. All 30 × 220 mm rounds (apart from the Blanks) are 331 mm long and have a muzzle velocity of 997 m/s. Ammunition for the 30 mm M53 gun is fed in 10-round clips. The M53/59 gun is loaded from a 50-round vertical box magazine using 10-round clips. Czechoslovakian-produced ammunition originally included API and HE-I rounds. These are no longer produced but available information is provided in the text. The Yugoslav-produced rounds were limited to HE-T, TP-T and Blank. API The projectile for this round weighs 450 g and has a muzzle velocity of 1,000 m/s. It can penetrate 55 mm of armour at an incidence of 0º at 500 m. It contains a small amount of incendiary mixture of incendiary mixture to create incendiary effects behind the target armour. This round is no longer in production but may still be encountered. HE-I The projectile used with this round weighs 450 g and contains approximately 35 g of RDX. The filling includes a small incendiary element to add to the blast effects. This round is no longer in production but may still be encountered. HE-T This round was still produced in Yugoslavia until the recent disturbances, where it is known as the 30 mm HE-T M69. The steel projectile contains 35.7 g of RDX/Aluminium and has a nose-mounted impact super-quick action fuze with a mechanical self-destruct device, the latter operating between 6 and 30 seconds after leaving the gun muzzle. The projectile base houses a tracer element which burns for 4 seconds. Also produced in Yugoslavia was a TP-T round ballistically matching the HE-T M69 but it did not contain an explosive filling, a tracer element or a fuze. Blank Produced in Yugoslavia , this round is referred to as the M78 . There is no projectile as the round case has a crimped mouth and relies on the 195 g nitrocellulose powder propellant filling to produce a sound signature for battlefield simulation and other training purposes. A training and test cartridge, apparently still in production by EUROINVEST of Macedonia , fires a 250 g break-up projectile containing sintered iron powder within a high-density polyethylene casing. Once fired the projectile breaks up to release its contents before it has travelled more than 120 m. This cartridge is dimensionally identical to the operational HE-T round. Maximum chamber pressure is 1,760 bar. Authorised fuzes Integral on HE-T - see text Equivalent rounds CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer State factories Type: API, HE-I, TP Description: See text - no longer in production MACEDONIA Manufacturer Euroinvest Type: Training and Test Description: See text under Blank YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE-T, TP-T, Blank Description: See textЧитати далі
Small arms ammunition:
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Small arms ammunition:
125 mm APFSDS ammunition
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Iraq
125 mm APFSDS ammunition
Armament 2A45 and 2A45M tank guns fitted to T-64 and early T-72 MBTs; 2A46 (D-81) and 2A46M (D-81M) tank guns fitted to T-64A and T-72 MBTs; 2A46M1 tank gun fitted to T-80 and T-90E MBTs; 2A75 gun fitted to 2S25 self-propelled anti-tank gun; 2A45M Sprut-B towed anti-tank gun. Development The first Eastern Bloc MBT to carry a 125 mm smoothbore main gun was the T-64 , carrying a gun known as the 2A45. This gun has a vertical ammunition stowage system and was only fitted into T-64 series tanks and a few early examples of the T-72 . The more numerous and widely used D-81 and D-81M (2A46 and 2A46M respectively), also referred to as the Rapira 3 (Rapier 3) and fitted to the T-72 and early production T-80 tanks, employ a rotary carousel-type ammunition feed system. The T-80 and T-90E MBTs use the 2A46M1 gun. These guns all fire the same separate loading ammunition, including APFSDS projectiles. There is one further 125 mm gun, a towed 125 mm anti-tank gun, called the 2A45M Sprut-B , which fires the same ammunition as the 125 mm tank guns to a direct fire range of over 2,000 m (against a 2 m high target). A listing of 125 mm APFSDS projectiles of Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) origin includes eight known variants: the 3BM9, 3BM12, 3BM15, 3BM17, 3BM22, 3BM32, 3BM42 and 3BM44. The base model for the series is the 3BM9, which may be regarded as a scaled-up version of the 115 mm BM-6 (qv). As the 125 mm APFSDS projectiles and rounds have separate designations, a checklist is provided: Round Projectile 3VBM3 3BM9 3VBM6 3BM12 3VBM7 3BM15 3VBM8 3BM17 3VBM9 3BM22 3VBM13 3BM32 3VBM17 3BM42 n/avail 3BM44 The 3VP6 is a training round, as is the generally similar 3VP5. In addition to the above it has been proposed that a Russian 125 mm APFSDS development (no designation yet forthcoming) could be the basis for some form of joint development lasting a period of about two years. This round weighs 20.3 kg with the projectile assembly, with incremental propellant charge, weighing 10.7 kg. Firing a tungsten alloy penetrator with an aluminium alloy sabot at a muzzle velocity of 1,750 m/s, the following penetration performances are forecast: a seven-layer target at 30º (penetration route 630 mm) at 4,000 m a seven-layer target at 60º (penetration route 620 mm) at 4,500 m a three-layer target at 65º (penetration route 1.83 m) at 3,500 m a 300 mm thick homogeneous target at 60º at 2,000 m. As a typical example, the T-72 usually carries a combat load of 39 rounds, 12 of which are APFSDS. It is known that 125 mm tank gun ammunition is produced in India but no information is available. A new munitions plant is being built at Bolangir in Eastern India which, when fully operational, will be able to produce 150,000 rounds of 125 mm ammunition, presumably including APFSDS rounds, every year. Description In common with the rest of the 125 mm ammunition range, the 125 mm APFSDS rounds are all separate loading munitions. They are automatically loaded into the breech, surrounded behind the sabot assembly by an attached combustible propellant charge increment in a combustible case, followed by the 4Zh63 main charge in a separate semi-combustible propellant case. On both the 3BM9 and 3BM15 the sabot assembly is of the ring type and is made of steel. It is short and interfaces to the penetrator rod via a series of mating buttresses. There are three 120º sabot segments and the entire sabot is encircled by a slipping copper drive band, 5.08 mm wide on the 3BM9 and 5.23 mm wide on the 3BM15. The 3BM12 differs only in detail from the 3BM9. With the 3BM9 the monobloc penetrator rod is hard steel and has a blunt nose covered by a light alloy ballistic cap. By contrast, the longer hard steel penetrator used with the 3BM15 has a nose insert containing a tungsten carbide slug weighing 270 g. In both cases the penetrator rod tapers towards the rear where a five-fin assembly is threaded into position. The 3BM9 is quoted as having a muzzle velocity of 1,800 to 1,825 m/s, with penetration of 350 mm of Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA) set at an angle of 60º at a range of 1,000 m. At 3,000 m the penetration is 245 mm. The slightly heavier 3BM15 appears to have a muzzle velocity of 1,785 to 1,800 m/s and is quoted as being able to penetrate 250 mm of armour at 2,000 m. The maximum effective combat range for both projectile types is 2,200 m. The 3BM17 is a variant of the 3BM15 with a heavier (3.045 kg) steel penetrator. The 3BM42 penetrator used with the 3VBM17 round has a tungsten penetrator with the complete projectile assembly weighing 7.05 kg. The 3BM22 used with the 3VBM9 round has an enamel-coated steel body weighing 2.48 kg with a light steel windscreen. The 3BM32 projectile used with the 3VBM13 round differs from the earlier projectiles by having a Depleted Uranium (DU) penetrator. In contrast to many other penetrator designs produced elsewhere, the 3BM32 is relatively short at 486 mm. The fin assembly is steel, the sabot aluminium alloy, the obturator rubber and the sealing band a polyamide material. The 3BM32 is fired with a muzzle velocity of 1,700 m/s instead of the 1,800 to 1,825 m/s of the earlier models. A range of penetration performances can be quoted for the 3BM32. It will penetrate a 250 mm homogeneous armour target set at 60º at 2,000 m. A seven-layer target at 30º obliquity can be defeated at 3,200 m, producing a penetration route 630 mm long. If the same target is engaged at the same range, with the obliquity changed to 60º, the penetration route is 620 mm long. A three-layer spaced target set at an obliquity of 65º can be defeated at a range of more than 5,000 m with a penetration route 1,830 mm long. The 3BM42, used with the 3VBM17 round, has a tungsten alloy penetrator 571 mm long and the projectile body is made from high-strength maraging steel. Again the fin assembly is steel, the sabot aluminium alloy, the obturator rubber and the sealing band a polyamide material. Muzzle velocity is 1,700 m/s. As with the 3BM32, a range of penetration performances can be quoted for the 3BM42. It will penetrate a 230 mm homogeneous armour target set at 60º at 2,000 m. A seven-layer target at 30º obliquity can be defeated at 3,300 m, producing a penetration route 630 mm long. If the same target is engaged at 3,800 m, with the obliquity changed to 60º, the penetration route is 620 mm long. A three-layer spaced target set at an obliquity of 65º can be defeated at a range of 2,000 m with a penetration route 1,830 mm long. The designation used for the round with the 3BM44 projectile is not known. The 3BM44 projectile weighs 7.05 kg and the muzzle velocity is 1,700 m/s. Projectiles are fired using a main semi-combustible charge case known as the 4Zh63 and weighing 9.6 kg, plus an increment attached to the projectile assembly and weighing a further 4.1 kg. The combustible cases are formed using nitrocellulose impregnated with TNT. Priming is electrical using a GUV-7 primer. After firing, a steel stub case weighing 3.4 kg remains to be automatically ejected, although manual ejection may be employed. The case, made from BW 11 steel, is 140 mm long and has a flange diameter of 171.9 mm. To simulate the above projectiles during training there is a relatively low-cost APFSDS-TP round known as the 3VP6, using the 3P31 projectile. The 3P31 projectile is fired at a high initial muzzle velocity (1,830 m/s) using the normal, main and incremental charges, but the penetrator assembly is a blunt steel rod which follows the operational APFSDS trajectory out to a range of 2,000 m, after which it rapidly decelerates, becomes unstable and falls to the ground. Maximum range with the gun barrel at an elevation of 3º is no more than 9,000 m. The complete round weighs 19.5 kg and the projectile 5.2 kg; it is 535 mm long. Weight of the projectile assembly complete with its propelling charge is 9.5 kg. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Konstrukta Defence Type: APFSDS Description: Probably 3BM15 but no confirmation available. Muzzle velocity given as 1,800 m/s. Manufacturer Synthesia as Type: 125 mm KE Description: Uses third-generation tungsten projectile weighing 6.7 kg and 678 mm long, in conjunction with Z62 KE CZ combustible cartridge which reduces barrel wear and erosion; front charge weight 3.3 kg, rear 5.5 kg. Offered as part of T-72 MBT upgrade package IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: APFSDS Description: Probably 3BM9 but no information available. Probably no longer in production ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 125 mm APFSDS-T M711 Description: See separate entry POLAND Manufacturer Zaklady Produkeji Specjalnej Sp zoo Type: 125 mm APFSDS-T Description: See separate entry ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: 125 mm APFSDS-T BM-9 and APFSDSHC-T BM-15 Description: BM-9 fired using supplementary charge BM-10. BM-15 fired using supplementary charge BM-18 RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Marketing agency: Rosobornexport Type: 125 mm APFSDS 3VBM17 Description: Standard specifications - see text. 125 mm 3VP6 training round also available. Manufacturer Spetsvneshtekhnika, Moscow Type: 125 mm APFSDS Description: Projectile assembly uses tungsten alloy long rod penetrator in `Western style' aluminium alloy sabot. Weight of complete round is 20.4 kg. Armour penetration at 60º incidence is more than 300 mm (no range given) Manufacturer Engineering Research Institute (NIMI) Moscow Type: 125 mm APFSDS 3VBM17 Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Products Kazan Type: 125 mm APFSDS 3VBM17 Description: Standard specifications. Produced in association with The State Kazan Scientific Industrial Enterprise named after Lenin, Kazan SLOVAKIA Manufacturer ZVS jsc Type: 125 mm APFSDS (PpSv) Description: Understood to be 3VBM15. A 125 mm APFSDS-T Tapna fires a tungsten alloy penetrator weighing 3.4 kg and is stated to be able to penetrate 550 mm of armour. UKRAINE Manufacturer MINMASHPROM Type: 125 mm APFSDS 3VBM17 Description: Standard specifications - see text. MINMASHPROM has also announced a locally designed advanced APFSDS round with the projectile designated as the 3BM44U. There is also a 3BM44U1 projectile with an elongated penetrator rod provided with bore-riding distance pieces on the four-segment sabot. No details are available regarding these two rounds. 3VP6 APFSDS-TP round also manufactured Manufacturer TACKO Type: 125 mm APFSDS 3VBM7, 3VBM9, 3VBM13 and 3VBM17 Description: Standard specifications - see text YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: M88 with KE-T projectile Description: Appears to be based on 3BM15. Projectile weight, presumably with sabot, given as 10 kg. Intended for use on M-84 and M-84A tanks, the Yugoslav versions of the T-72 . May no longer be in productionЧитати далі
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