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Defense Products Catalog — Page 156

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MECAR A1 Series mortar bomb family
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Belgium
MECAR A1 Series mortar bomb family
Description The MECAR A1 Series of 81 mm mortar bombs is used in M1 low-pressure, M29/29A1 medium-pressure and M252 and L16 series high-pressure mortar systems and their equivalents. Five models of bomb are available and may be divided into two groups of ballistically matched bombs, that is M511A1 to M513A1 using a common firing table and M514A1 and M515A1 fired to a second firing table. The bombs available are: Smoke (FM) (TTC) M511A1; HE M512A1; smoke (WP) M513A1; and illuminating M515A1. Bombs are packed in three-round NATO-approved waterproof polymer containers. HE and smoke bombs have a maximum range of 5,500 m in high-pressure mortars, 4,500 m in medium-pressure and up to 2,500 m in low-pressure mortar systems. The A1 propulsion system employs a primary cartridge comprising a screw-threaded primer and shotgun-type ignition cartridge and up to five horseshoe-type augmenting charges, the number of charges permitted to be used depending upon the pressure capacity of the mortar. The base augmenting charge is coloured blue, and there are three translucent cased charges and a red coloured supercharge. Charge 0 = Primary cartridge only Charge 1 = Primary cartridge and base augmenting charge Charge 2 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and one translucent case charge (Charge 2 is the maximum for low-pressure mortars) Charge 3 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and two translucent case charges Charge 4 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge and three translucent case charges (Charge 4 is maximum for medium-pressure mortars) Charge 5 = Primary cartridge, base augmenting charge, three translucent cased charges and the red cased supercharge (Charge 5 is used only in high-pressure mortar systems) Manufacturer MECAR SA. Status In production.Read More
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M833
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Belgium
Cartridge, 105 mm: APFSDS-T M833
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development The 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 may be regarded as an improved version of the M774 and, apart from a longer penetrator assembly, differs mainly in the design of the sabot which was redesigned to reduce weight. The M833 was type classified in 1983. It is a full service round which is normally only fired in time of war. Foreign Military Sales (FMS) of the 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 were made to Israel (300), Jordan (2,130), Pakistan (10,025), Saudi Arabia (320), and Turkey (22,920). Description The 105 mm APFSDS-T M833 is a fixed round with the projectile assembly crimped onto an M148A1B1 cartridge case. The projectile assembly consists of a subprojectile and a sabot. The M833 subprojectile consists of a monobloc Depleted Uranium (DU, or staballoy) core acting as the penetrator rod, the front part being sheathed in an aluminium windshield with a steel tip to prevent aerodynamic heating. An aluminium alloy fin assembly is fitted to the rear of the penetrator rod and contains an M13 tracer, which burns for a minimum of 2.5 seconds, held in place by a threaded plug and disc assembly. The sabot is aluminium and consists of three 120º segments assembled around the subprojectile, it is interfaced with the penetrator body by a series of mating buttress grooves. The sabot differs, as mentioned previously, from earlier designs mainly in the incorporation of gussets in the sabot segments to retain strength and rigidity while reducing weight. A stainless steel bourrelet, containing three shear cuts, is screwed onto the forward face of the sabot. A two-piece nylon obturator and polypropylene seal is assembled around the sabot and a silicone rubber seal is applied over the rear face. The M148A1B1 cartridge case contains approximately 5.8 kg of loosely packed M30 propellant. An M120 electrical primer is fitted to the base; the primer includes a flash tube extending almost to the tail of the projectile assembly. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. A barrel wear reducing titanium dioxide liner is secured to the interior wall of the cartridge case. Muzzle velocity is 1,494 m/s. No details regarding armour penetration performance have been released. The US Army training round for the M833 is the 105 mm TPDS-T M724A1. The TPDS-T M724A1 is also produced in Belgium by MECAR SA and in Egypt by the Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries. In the USA the main producer of the TPDS-T M724A1 is General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) . The main details for the TPDS-T M724A1 are round weight, 14.52 kg and round length, 838.2 mm. Muzzle velocity is 1,539 m/s using a single-base propellant. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: 105 mm APFSDS-T M1060 and M1060A1 Description: See separate entry. Also known as the 105 mm TK-APFSDS-T M1060Read More
0.50 Spotting Rifle
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
0.50 Spotting Rifle
Synonyms 12.7 × 77 mm; 12.7 × 76 mm Armament Spotting Rifle M8 , used for targeting with M40 series 106 mm recoilless guns. Development This round was developed in the 1950s to be fired from the 0.50 Spotting Rifle M8 . The M8 is a purpose-built, semi-automatic, gas-operated rifle, attached to the barrel of the M40/M40A1 recoilless rifle and precisely aligned with it so that the gunner fires the spotting rifle, varying the aim until the incendiary filled bullet strikes the target. The main gun is then quickly fired. The spotting bullet and propelling charge are designed to match the trajectory of the main armament projectile, so that where the spotting bullet hits, the main projectile will also hit if fired almost immediately after the gunner observes the strike of the spotting bullet. The M40A1 is obsolete in US service, but is still in widespread use elsewhere. Description The round is a shortened version of the 0.50 Browning machine gun round, using a shorter case, reduced propellant charge and a special bullet. Its ballistics closely match those of the 106 mm M40/M40A1 recoilless rifles. The current service bullet is the Tracer M48A2 , a boat tailed bullet with flat tip. The jacket is brass, with a lead core to the mid and rear sections. The front section is filled with incendiary composition and has a small detonator in the bullet nose; the rear portion is counterbored and filled with tracer composition. The bullet gives a red trace from 100 to 1,300 m range; on striking the target it gives a flash and a smoke puff to indicate a hit. BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: Spotter Tracer M48A1 : Lead core in brass envelope; tracer at rear, red trace visible from 100-1,300 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.6 g; MV 532 m/s BRAZIL Manufacturer Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos Type: Spotter tracer M8C: Lead core, gilding metal jacket; dark ignition tracer 90-1,350 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.7 g; V 25 532 m/s GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53.5 g; MV 545 m/s INDIA Manufacturer Ordnance Factory Khamaria Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope, base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 540 m/s SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP (Division of Denel ) Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, gilding metal envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 540 m/s SPAIN Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core, brass envelope; base tracer, illuminating composition in tip; 53 g; MV 550 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government contractors Type: Spotter tracer M48A2 : Lead core in brass jacket; tracer at rear, red trace to 1,300 m; illuminating composition in tip; 53.6 g; MV 532 m/s Practice tracer T249E1, T249E2: These resemble the service M48A2 but do not have the recessed bullet tip and are inert except for their tracer filling. They simulate the flight of the M48A2 for training purposesRead More
Projectile 155 mm: WP/Smoke, M110, M110A1 and
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
United States
Projectile 155 mm: WP/Smoke, M110, M110A1 and
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family of separate loaded projectiles is used to provide screening or marking smoke; there is also a secondary incendiary effect. All three projectiles in the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family have the same general appearance as the 155 mm HE M107 and have the same design origins. The original 155 mm Smoke WP M110 was developed from the 155 mm WP/Smoke M105 projectile developed for the towed 155 mm Howitzer M1 before the Second World War. The 155 mm WP/Smoke M105 was the `Americanized' version of a French projectile originally used with the French designed M1917/M1918 series of 155 mm towed howitzers procured during the First World War. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family differs from the M105 mainly in having a wider and heavier driving band to provide a better in-bore gas seal, especially in worn barrels. Despite its age and relative inefficiency compared to more modern projectile designs, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is still in widespread production and service. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 uses the M6 burster charge which contains tetrytol. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110A1 and M110A2 both use the M54A1 burster charge containing Composition B5 and may be stored, transported and fired at temperatures up to +63ºC; the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 cannot be stored or fired at temperatures exceeding +52ºC. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family has been filled with smoke-producing compositions other than White Phosphorus (WP), including titanium tetrachloride. The Projectile 155 mm, Chemical Agent, H/HD, 155 mm: M110 was identical to the WP/Smoke M110 family, other than its chemical agent filling (H or HD, weight 5.3 kg, both Mustard blister agents). Any of these chemical warfare projectiles still in existence have been withdrawn from service and their contents are scheduled for destruction by incineration. The Projectile, Chemical Agent, 155 mm: M121A1, containing 2.95 kg of GB or 2.72 kg of VX (both nerve agents), has also been withdrawn from service and its contents scheduled for destruction by incineration. A 155 mm chemical projectile filled with Mustard (H) agent and based on a smoke projectile of the M110 type was developed by Iraq at the Al Muthanna State Establishment. The US Army and Marine Corps replacement projectile for the Smoke M110 series is the Projectile, 155 mm: Smoke, WP, M825A1 (see following entry). Description The 155 mm WP/Smoke M110, M110A1 and M110A2 are separate loading munitions using a hollow forged steel shell with the same external configuration as that used on the 155 mm HE M107 . The shape is ogival (6/12 crh) with a boat tail for aerodynamic efficiency and a welded steel baseplate. Close to the base is a gilding metal drive band protected by a grommet until just before loading. A threaded lifting plug closes the nose fuze cavity for handling and storage. The shell contains approximately 7.07 kg of White Phosphorus (WP), although other fillings have been used. A centrally located burster charge extends the length of the shell interior. On the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 the burster charge is the M6 containing 186 g of Tetrytol. On the 155 mm Smoke WP M110A1 and M110A2 the burster charge is the M54A1 containing 208 g of Composition B5. On the M110A1 the end of the burster tube is sealed with a plastic plug; on the M110A2 the sealing plug is aluminium. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is normally fitted with a nose-mounted point detonation fuze. On impact the fuze ignites the internal burster charge which then ruptures the shell casing to release the WP filling. As it contacts the air the WP ignites to produce thick clouds of white smoke. When stored, 155 mm Smoke WP series projectiles have to be kept on their bases to prevent migration of the WP which will alter the centre of gravity and possibly cause in-bore explosions when fired. The 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 and uses the same propellant charges, other than the Charge 8S M203 . Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) is not normally used on longer barrelled pieces. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads and an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required) and the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge, it differs from the M4A1 as it consists of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains approximately 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant with a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 660 mm long. A similar charge is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. When fired from the 155 mm M1/M1A1 Cannon on M114/M114A1 towed howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 234.7 m/s - range 4,800 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 268.2 m/s - range 6,100 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 310.9 m/s - range 7,800 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 371.9 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,300 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 316.4 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 374.6 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 463.3 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 563.9 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon on M109 self-propelled howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 236.2 m/s - range 4,900 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 275.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 317 m/s - range 8,200 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 269.7 m/s - range 6,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 313.9 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 373.4 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 461.8 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 562.4 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 family can attain the following ballistic performances: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 237.7 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 277.4 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 318.5 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 292.6 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 336.8 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 393.2 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 475.5 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 565.4 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. When fired from the 155 mm M119 Cannon on the M198 towed howitzer the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. With the 155 mm M284 Cannon used on the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 fired using the M203/M203A1 Charge 8S can attain a maximum range of 24,000 m. Giat Industries of France produces a combustible case intended for use with all NATO standard 155 mm weapons. The case consists of a skirt, a base and a cover containing Charges 6 to 9; lower charges are formed using bagged charges. Use of this case system produces a barrel life at maximum charge of 3000 EFC. The muzzle velocities produced using this combustible case system are as follows: Charge 6 - 586 m/s Charge 7 - 705 m/s Charge 8 - 810 m/s Charge 9 - 830 m/s. Charge 9 can fire a standard projectile to a maximum range of 24,000 m. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore produce a unitary charge, using cloth bags, which covers Charges 6, 7, 8 and 9. Known as the C20, this charge uses M6 propellant, is 610 mm long, 160 mm in diameter, and weighs 10 kg. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. Authorised fuzes PD M508, M557, M739. May also be used with PD M51A5, M535 MTSQ M564, M582. Prox M732 Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 155 mm Smoke WP NR-149 Description: Stated to be equivalent to WP/Smoke M110. No longer in production but still in widespread service FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications. No longer in production but likely to be encountered GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 155 mm Smoke Description: Based on 155 mm Smoke WP M110 series. Weight 42 kg and WP filling 6 kg. Maximum muzzle velocity 564 m/s and maximum range 15,000 m. Fitted with PD M572 fuze IRAQ Manufacturer Al Muthanna State Establishment Type: Chemical - designation unknown Description: This chemical projectile appears to be of the 155 mm Smoke WP M110 type but its exact designation is not known - no markings were carried. The provenance of the projectile bodies is also uncertain but they appear to have been produced in Europe and exported in an empty but finished form to Iraq for filling at the Al Muthanna State Establishment, 100 km to the northwest of Baghdad. Each projectile carries 3.5 litres of Mustard (H) agent and a tetryl burster. By mid-1992, a total of 12,694 projectiles had been counted and scheduled for destruction ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm IM150 Description: Similar to M116 series. Contains 7 kg of White Phosphorus (WP) KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110A2 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm Smoke WP Description: Stated to be equivalent to WP/Smoke M110 SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm Smoke WP M110 Description: Standard US specifications, although containing 7.1 kg of WP, with unfuzed weight given as 43.6 kg. Propelling Charge M4A2 also produced along with Propelling Charge C20 for use in high-performance ordnance SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke ME110A2 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard US specifications. Production on request UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Thiokol Corporation, Scanton Army Ammunition Plant Type: 155 mm WP/Smoke M110 Description: Standard specifications. No longer in productionRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
155 mm extended range full-bore cargo projectiles
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
155 mm extended range full-bore cargo projectiles
Armament Towed 155 mm howitzers: NORICUM GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; SRC International GC 45; NORINCO Type WA 021 and Type GM-45 ; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F howitzer; FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P, 845P, Upgraded M-46 and M114S ; Otobreda 155/39; KH179 ; RDM M139 and M114/39 ; STK FH-88 and FH-2000; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers; Bofors FH-77B ; Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer; M46/84 ( Yugoslavia ). Self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; NORINCO PLZ45 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Majnoon ( Iraq ); Soltam Rascal and Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); LIW G6; ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M109A4, M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Development Development of a 155 mm ERFB Cargo round was carried out simultaneously by both the Space Research Corporation (SNC) of Canada and Armscor (now Denel (Pty) Ltd) in South Africa . It is probable that South Africa continued its own development work following its withdrawal from SNC activities during the early 1970s. From the SNC programme, PRB SA of Belgium marketed and manufactured its 155 mm NR 269 ERFB-BB Cargo round (now available from Giat Industries) and Armscor (now Denel (Pty) Ltd) followed with a similar projectile, the 155 mm HC Cluster M1, with some design differences, especially with the submunitions. The latest form of the South African ERFB cargo projectile is the 155 mm Cluster HE HC M1A2 . PRB SA ceased trading in 1990 but numbers of its 155 mm NR 269 Cargo projectiles may still remain in service with some nations. Giat Industries, who now own the production rights for the 155 mm NR 269, has proposed a version of the NR 269 with a revised obturator and a more durable driving band to enable them to be fired from barrels using NATO standard modular charge systems. This version will be known as the 155 ARF and could have a range in excess of 42,000 m when fired from a 52 calibre barrel at a muzzle velocity of 930 m/s. Description The 155 mm PRB/Giat Industries NR-269 and Denel 155 mm HC Cluster M1 SM ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles follow the same overall design outlines and may be described together. The shell body is made of high-grade steel and is a variation of the 155 mm ERFB-BB BE Smoke projectile (see following entry). As such it retains the typical ERFB streamlined outline, (which is the same as the 155 mm ERFB HE projectile - see previous entry), with a continuous ogive almost the entire length of the body down to the copper or gilding metal drive band and plastic obturator band. A Base Bleed (BB) unit is normally threaded to the projectile base with an adaptor to interface with the bomblet payload. Some rounds may be produced and supplied without the base bleed unit. The 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectile contains 56 bomblets of the M46 type, although the Denel ( SWARTKLIP Products ) bomblets differ in some details from those used with the PRB/Giat Industries NR 269. The bomblets are dual-purpose anti-personnel/anti-armour devices stacked using splined spacers in eight layers, each containing seven bomblets. In each row the hollow charges face towards the projectile nose. The 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectile carries a nose-mounted MT, MTSQ or electronic fuze, typically a MTSQ M577A1. This fuze is set to function at a height of approximately 500 to 600 m above the target area. As the fuze functions it ignites an expulsion charge which creates an internal pressure to bear down on a pusher plate. The pusher plate forces the payload to the rear, separating the base bleed unit from the projectile body and expelling the individual bomblets at an initial velocity of about 100 m/s. As they emerge from the projectile base they are dispersed by centrifugal forces produced by the projectile spin to cover an oval-shaped ground area measuring approximately 120 to 130 m wide and 110 to 120 m deep - this area will vary according to expulsion altitude and local wind conditions. Each bomblet trails a ribbon which is deployed as the bomblet leaves the projectile. This reduces the rotation rate of the bomblet and at the same time unscrews a threaded rod a few turns, thereby allowing the detonator to arm. As the bomblet impacts a firing pin can then detonate the explosive. Each bomblet contains a shaped charge consisting of approximately 30 g of Composition A5 or a similar explosive, sufficient to penetrate a minimum of 60 mm of armour and spread anti-personnel steel fragments over a lethal radius of 7 m. Bomblets produced for the Denel 155 mm HE HC Cluster M1 and M1A2 Wasp rounds have an improved detonating system and a fail-safe self-destruct system. South African 155 mm ERFB projectiles may be converted in the field to remove boat tails from ERFB projectiles and fit base bleed units to produce 155 mm ERFB-BB projectiles. The process is carried out using a projectile clamping table. The same table can also be used to remove damaged obturators and fit new ones. The table can be folded flat and weighs 25 kg. To take full advantage of the range potential of 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles they are usually fired with high-energy charges, typically the NATO M3A1 (zones 3, 4 and 5), M4A2 (zones 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), M119A1 (zone 8), M203 (zone 9) or the M11 (zone 10), the latter being restricted to 45 calibre or longer barrels. The propelling system for the LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 gun-howitzers originally involved a three-charge cloth bag system. This has been replaced by a modular system, developed by SOMCHEM , involving combustible cases with a built-in charge retaining device. The system may be used with ERFB and (above the basic Charge 2) ERFB-BB projectiles and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. The lowest charge for the Denel modular charge system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 1 M51 . The combustible container for this charge is red and contains single-base granular propellant. The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 2.3 kg, is 211 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. The next charge is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 2 M52 . The combustible case is blue and houses triple-base propellant cords. The diameter at the front of the case is reduced to allow it to friction fit into the rear of a Charge 2 increment (see below). The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 5.6 kg, is 373 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. This modular system continues with the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Increment M52 . One or two of these increments can be added to the normal Charge 2. Charge 2 plus one increment can be used with boat tailed ERFB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Charge 2 plus two increments can be used with ERFB, ERFB-BB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Each increment is contained in a green combustible case containing triple-base propellant cords. The igniter consists of 60 g of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 4 kg, is 289 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. The top charge of the modular system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 3 M53 . The charge is contained in a purple (jacaranda) combustible case containing triple-base tubular propellant. The igniter consists of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 17.1 kg, is 930 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. All charges are ignited by the Tube Percussion M82 which contains 1.4 to 1.5 g of gunpowder. The tube is 49.37 mm long with a diameter over the rim of 15.24 mm. With this system, the following ballistic performances can be achieved using a 155 mm 45 calibre barrel: Charge 1 - MV 350 ±5 m/s - max range 9,100 m Charge 2 - MV 483 ±5 m/s - max range 13,400 m Charge 2 + 1 increment - MV 645 ±5 m/s - max range 19,000 m Charge 2 + 2 increments - MV 795 ±5 m/s - max range 25,400 m Charge 2 + 2 increments + BB - MV 789 ±5 m/s - max range 31,000 m Charge 3, standard shell - MV 897 ±5 m/s - max range 30,200 m Charge 3 + BB - MV 895 ±5 m/s - max range 39,000 m. Typical range figures for 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo projectiles fired from 39 calibre barrels is of the order of 30,600 m. When fired from 45 calibre barrels they can reach 39,000 m. This modular charge system has been replaced by one involving up to six M62A1 combustible modular charges all with the same content and meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics MoU. The charges are produced by SOMCHEM and can be used with ordnance up to 52 calibres long. Other similar modular charge systems could be employed. Authorised fuzes MTSQ M577 series Electronic NINA, ZELAR, Fuchs M8611 and so on Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 155 mm NR 269 ERFB-BB Cargo Description: Specifications as text. No longer in production by PRB but may still be in service. Now produced in France by Giat Industries CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm ERFB ICM and ERFB ICM BB Description: Both contain 72 bomblets and are fitted with MTSQ M577 fuze. Maximum range of ERFB ICM BB given as 39,600 m. A variant may be filled with either Type 81 39.2 mm diameter bomblets or 42.5 mm diameter bomblets, with the numbers involved varying between 49 and 56 to suit requirements. This projectile weighs 45.54 kg and is fitted with a MS-200 ET fuze. Muzzle velocity is given as 920 m/s. May no longer be in production FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm Cargo ERFB BB NR 269 B1 Description: Originally produced in Belgium by PRB SA (see above). Weight without fuze given as 45.6 kg and overall length without fuze is 861 mm. Contains 56 M46 bomblets. Maximum range when fired from a 52 calibre barrel given as 42,000 m. In production and adopted by several unspecified countries NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm ERFB-BB Cargo Description: Specifications as text. Available for production. Propelling charge No 16 also produced SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Limited ( NASCHEM ) Type: Shell, 155 mm HE HC Cluster M1 and M1A2 Wasp Description: Produced primarily for 155 mm G5 and G6 artillery systems and marketed by Denel. Contains 56 bomblets, each capable of penetrating a minimum of 60 mm of armour plate. The bomblets are ejected at an optimum height of 600 m and have a self-destruct elementRead More
Projectile, 8 in: HE, M106
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Korea
Projectile, 8 in: HE, M106
Armament M2 and M2A1 Cannon used on M115 Towed Howitzer; M2A2 Cannon used on M110 Self-propelled Howitzer; M201A1 Cannon used on M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer; NORINCO 203 mm Gun System. Development The 8 in HE M106 was originally developed during the 1930s for use with the 8 in (203 mm) M1 Towed Howitzer, replacing an earlier projectile with coastal defence gun origins known as the Mk 1A1. The 8 in M1 howitzer was later redesignated the M115 and, although this weapon is no longer in the US armed forces inventory it remains in service with other nations. A similar barrel to that mounted on the M115 was later selected as the M2A2 Cannon for use on the 8 in M110 Self-propelled Howitzer. The M110 has been updated by retrofitting the longer barrelled muzzle-braked M201A1 Cannon to create the 8 in M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer standard. The 8 in HE M106 is used with all these weapons and it is still widely produced although, as the M110 series have been withdrawn from US Army service, it is no longer manufactured within the USA. It remains the most commonly used projectile for all NATO 8 in/203 mm howitzers. Known users of M110 series self-propelled howitzers include the following: Bahrain (13 M110A2); Greece (31 M110); Iran (38, some destroyed); Israel (48 M110); Italy (23 M110A2 - due to be replaced by MLRS ); Japan (201 M110A2); Jordan (102 M110A2); South Korea (99 M110); Pakistan (40 M110A2); Spain (48 M110A2); Taiwan (M110A2, estimated numbers between 75 and 150); Turkey (80 M110A2). The Projectile, 8 in: HE XM711 was under development to replace the HE M106 but development was terminated. No details are available. An 8 in chemical agent projectile which used the same external configuration as the 8 in HE M106 was known as the 8 in Projectile, Gas/GB/VX, M426. This projectile contained 6.58 kg of persistent nerve agent scattered by a 3.175 kg M83 Composition B-4 burster charge. Weight of the complete projectile was 90.26 kg and length 891.5 mm. Also produced were the generally similar 8 in Projectile Gas VX, M426, and the 8 in Projectile Gas VX2, M736. Any remaining examples of these projectiles have been withdrawn from service and are scheduled for destruction. Description The 8 in/203 mm HE M106 separate loading projectile uses a hollow steel forging with a streamlined ogive, a boat tailed base and a base cover welded to the base. A welded copper overlay drive band is normally protected by a metal, plastic or glass fibre grommet which is removed before firing. The nose of the projectile is fitted with an eyebolt lifting plug for storage, transport and handling and covers a shallow or deep cavity drilled into the bursting charge. Deep cavity projectiles are intended for use with deep intrusion proximity and other fuzes and when used a supplementary charge has to be removed. The supplementary charge, 136 g of TNT, is normally held in place beneath the lifting plug by a cardboard spacer. Loaded projectiles are zoned into one of five weight zones ranging from 86.82 kg (zone 2) to 92.67 kg (zone 6). The appropriate weight zone is marked on the ogive of each projectile by a system of painted squares and punch marks. The explosive filling of the 8 in HE M106 may be either 16.465 kg of TNT or 17.6 kg of Composition B. M2, M2A1 and M2A2 Cannon use a system of seven bagged charges. Charges 1 to 4 all use M1 green bag charges. Charge 5 may be either an M1 green bag or a M2 white bag. Charges 6 and 7 use M2 white bag charges. Charges 1 to 5 (M1) consist of 6.8 kg of single perforated M1 propellant. Charge 1 is the base section with the other four charges in unequal increments. They are assembled end-to-end in sequence and held together by four cloth straps. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the base charge, Charge 1. The complete charge is 533 mm long and 165 mm in diameter. Charges 5 to 7 (M2) consist of 12.927 kg of multi-perforated M1 propellant. Charge 5 is the base charge with two unequal increments (Charges 6 and 7) attached. The charges are assembled end-to-end in sequence and held together by four cloth straps. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the base charge Charge 5. A Flash Reducer M3 containing 453 g of a potassium sulphate and black powder mixture is added when the full Charge 7 is fired. The complete charge is 609 mm long and 197 mm in diameter. The longer 8 in M201A1 Cannon makes use of the same system of bagged charges as the M2, M2A1 and M2A2 but with the addition of the M118 or M118A1 bag charges to enhance performance. The M118, originally developed for the M201 Cannon (without a muzzle brake), is a single-increment white bag charge containing approximately 17.24 kg of high-energy M30A1 propellant in a cloth bag. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder is sewn to the base of the charge and a central ignition core extends throughout the length of the charge. A cylindrical cloth jacket is placed over the entire length and tightly laced. The M118 is approximately 787 mm long and 203 mm in diameter. The M118A1 was developed for use in the M201A1 Cannon used on the M110A2 Self-propelled Howitzer. It is a two increment charge (Charges 8 and 9) containing 21.77 kg of high-energy M31A1 propellant. A red igniter pad containing 142 g of black powder (normally covered by a paper cap which has to be removed before firing), is sewn to the base of the charge and a central ignition core extends through most of the length of the charge. This core is a moulded nitrocellulose 355 mm diameter tube, containing a 142 g bag of black powder sewn to the igniter pad. An additive to reduce barrel wear is used to line the increment 9 charge bag. The increment 8 bag is lined with lead foil for decoppering and the bag is laced inside a cloth jacket. The Charge 9 increment is attached to the Charge 8 increment by four tie straps. The entire M118A1 charge weighs 22.7 kg, is 813 mm long and 203 mm in diameter. The Charge 8 increment weighs 19.05 kg and the Charge 9 2.72 kg. The percussion primer used with the M2 and M2A1 Cannon is the MK2A4. Other Cannon use either the M82 or the MK15. When the 8 in HE M106 is fired from M2, M2A1 and M2A2 Cannon the following results can be obtained: Charge 1 (M1 green bag) - MV 249.9 m/s - range 5,600 m Charge 2 (M1 green bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,600 m Charge 3 (M1 green bag) - MV 305 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 4 (M1 green bag) - MV 350.5 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 5 (M1 green bag) - MV 420.6 m/s - range 11,600 m Charge 5 (M2 white bag) - MV 420.6 m/s - range 11,600 m Charge 6 (M2 white bag) - MV 500 m/s - range 13,900 m Charge 7 (M2 white bag) - MV 594.3 m/s - range 16,800 m. When fired from the M201A1 Cannon the 8 in HE M106 can produce the following results: Charge 1 (M1 green bag) - MV 255.4 m/s - range 5,946 m Charge 2 (M1 green bag) - MV 280.4 m/s - range 7,099 m Charge 3 (M1 green bag) - MV 309.6 m/s - range 8,450 m Charge 4 (M1 green bag) - MV 353.8 m/s - range 10,435 m Charge 5 (M1 green bag) - MV 423.6 m/s - range 12,405 m Charge 5 (M2 white bag) - MV 445.9 m/s - range 12,987 m Charge 6 (M2 white bag) - MV 519.7 m/s - range 15,203 m Charge 7 (M2 white bag) - MV 606.9 m/s - range 17,901 m Charge 8 (M118) - MV 710.1 m/s - range 21,300 m. For training in handling the 8 in HE M106 the Projectile, 8 in: Dummy, M845 is used. This is an inert projectile that cannot be fired. It is fitted with an inert M51 nose fuze and a plastic drive band. Authorised fuzes Shallow cavity: PD M577, M51A5, M572, M739. MTSQ M564, M582, Prox M732 Deep cavity: PD M51A5, M577, M572, M739. MTSQ M564, M582. Prox M732, M728 (Supplementary charge must be removed before Prox M728 is used) Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 203 mm HE NR-152 Description: Stated to be equivalent to 8 in HE M106 . No longer in production but in widespread service GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Industries Type: 203 mm HE Description: Based on US 8 in HE M106 . Weight given as 73.03 kg, of which 16 kg is HE filling. Length 797.56 mm. Muzzle velocity given as 594.4 m/s and maximum range 16,800 m ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 203 mm HE Description: Standard US specifications, filled with TNT. Charges also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 203 mm HE Description: Available. Stated to be equivalent to 8 in HE M106 . M1 and M2 charges also produced PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 8 in HE How M106 Description: Filled with 16.5 kg TNT. Otherwise standard specifications. PORTUGAL Manufacturer Explosivos Da Trafaria SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 8 in HE M106 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with TNT. Charges also producedRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Brazil
Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm HE M107 can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm HE M107 can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107 is probably the most widely used of all western artillery projectiles and is still one of the `NATO standard' projectiles by which all others are measured. This is despite its indifferent charge-to-weight ratio (16.6 per cent), its relatively unsophisticated aerodynamic shape which limits potential range and its erratic fragmentation. All these factors can be attributed to age of design, for the 155 mm HE M107's origins can be directly traced back to the 1930s. It was a development of an earlier projectile, the 155 mm HE M102 , the main HE projectile fired by the US M1917/M1918 towed howitzers. The 155 mm HE M102 was, in its turn, an `Americanized' version of the French Schneider 155 mm HE projectile for their Mle 1917 Howitzer. The 155 mm HE M107 differed from the M102 by having a wider driving band, providing better sealing when fired, especially when fired from a worn barrel. It was originally intended for firing from the US 155 mm M1 Towed Howitzer but has since found widespread acceptance elsewhere (see listing of associated weapons provided above). Many nations continue to fire the 155 mm HE M107 as a training projectile rather than as an operational round, as its ready availability due to production in volume, often makes it far less costly to fire than some specialised training projectiles. For instance, the British Army had a requirement for 25,000 155 mm HE M107 projectiles for the FY96/97 and FY97/98 and more were required thereafter. British Army HE M107 projectiles are filled with TNT and have provision for long-intrusion fuzes. The 155 mm HE M795 projectile was type classified to be the replacement for the 155 mm HE M107 , although production commenced only recently (1996-1997) and for the time being it will only augment the HE M107 in US Army service - see following entry. The 155 mm HE M107 will not be part of the operational ammunition suite for the forthcoming XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Despite its vintage and its known ballistic shortcomings, the US armed forces continue to favour the HE M107 both as an operational and training projectile, although most will apparently be fired during training. Prior to FY 98, projectiles procured had reached a total of about 26,605,000 and procurement forecasts for the type extend until at least FY05. None were procured during FY98 but the subsequent planning for FY99 onwards was as follows : Year Quantity Value FY99 243,000 US$42,336,000 FY00 114,000 US$24,108,000 FY01 198,000 US$39,810,000 FY02 224,000 US$41,400,000 FY03 185,000 US$35,493,000 FY04 164,000 US$35,827,000 FY05 156,000 US$35,794,000 The Army transformation initiatives have caused long-range forecasts to be scrapped, but the M107 is unlikely to be significantly affected beyond the normal fluctuations. The US does not purchase the complete round from a prime contractor, but places contracts for partial production. Thus, of the FY01 unit cost of US$200.63, US$104.78 is provided under contract to Chamberlain for the metal projectile bodies (at the rented Scranton Army Ammunition Plant) and US$68.69 to American Ordnance as operators of the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant for the load, assemble and pack operation. US firms can, of course, undertake the prime contractor role for export and GD-OTS actively promotes this option. Description The Projectile, 155 mm: HE, M107 is a separately loaded munition, it has a hollow forged AISI 1045 steel shell of conventional design with a streamlined ogive (6/12 crh) and a boat tail base to provide aerodynamic efficiency. A steel base cover is welded to the projectile base. A swaged gilding metal drive band encircles the shell casing near the base and is normally protected by a grommet during storage, transport and handling. The fuze well is normally occupied by a threaded lifting plug during transit and handling; the plug can be replaced before firing by a wide range of standard and commercial fuzes. The 155 mm HE M107 filling may be either 6.62 kg of cast TNT or 6.985 kg of Composition B; 155 mm HE M107 projectiles manufactured in the USA since 1977 have been filled only with TNT. A TNT-filled 155 mm HE M107 will produce approximately 1,950 fragments on detonation. In 1944, a deep drilled cavity was introduced below the fuze well to accommodate the then new VT (proximity) fuzes. This cavity is now normally occupied by a supplementary charge containing 136 g of TNT contained in an aluminium liner; this charge has to be removed when deep intrusion or proximity fuzes are employed. Some 155 mm HE M107 shells intended for use in circumstances where proximity or similar fuzes are not employed, are still manufactured with original depth filling cavities and lack the supplementary charge. The 155 mm HE M107 projectiles are zoned into five weight zones ranging from 40.82 kg (zone 2) to 42.91 kg (zone 5). The appropriate weight zone is marked on the projectile ogive by a system of painted squares and punch marks. The propellant charge system at first sight appears complex, but has been mastered by generations of gunners as only a few weapons make use of its full complexity. The basic charge system used to fire the 155 mm HE M107 consists of the M3 or M3A1 and the M4, M4A1 or M4A2 bagged charges. Longer barrelled 155 mm pieces, such as the M185 Cannon used with the M109A1 to M109A4 self-propelled howitzers, can make use of the M119 series of bagged charges. The latest generation of 155 mm 39 and 45 calibre weapons can make use of the M203 charge to extract maximum performance, although the 155 mm HE M107 is not usually fired from such weapons. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads, an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required), the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge that differs from the M4A1 in consisting of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains approximately 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant, it has a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 , including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer that enables the charge to ignite the rocket motor on the 155 mm HE ICM M549/M549A1 projectiles. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge and can be used with M549/M549A1 projectiles. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 660 mm long. The M119A2 is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. The Propelling Charges M203 and M203A1 (Charge 8S) were developed primarily for use in the 155 mm M199 Cannon used with the M198 Towed Howitzer and the M284 cannon used with the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers. They can be used with other similar long-barrelled pieces such as the CN79 Cannon used on the South Korean 155 mm KH179 Towed Howitzer. The M203/M203A1 is a single red bag charge encased in a tight-fitting lacing jacket for strength. The bag has an igniter sewn to the base, a central core igniter extending through the centre of the charge and a flash reducer in front of the charge. The M203A1 differs from the M203 by producing cooler burning to increase barrel life, together with a reduction in blast and muzzle flash. The M119 series and M203 propellant charges should be fired using the Primer M82 only. When fired from the 155 mm M1/M1A1 Cannon on M114/M114A1 towed howitzers the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 234.7 m/s - range 4,800 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 268.2 m/s - range 6,100 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 310.9 m/s - range 7,800 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 371.9 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 274.3 m/s - range 6,300 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 316.4 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 374.6 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 463.3 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 563.9 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon on M109 self-propelled howitzers the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 207.3 m/s - range 3,900 m Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 236.2 m/s - range 4,900 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 275.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 317 m/s - range 8,200 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 269.7 m/s - range 6,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 313.9 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 373.4 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 461.8 m/s - range 12,000 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 562.4 m/s - range 14,600 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers the 155 mm HE M107 can attain the following ballistic performances: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 237.7 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 277.4 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 318.5 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 374.9 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 292.6 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 336.8 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 393.2 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 475.5 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 565.4 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. When fired from the 155 mm M119 Cannon on the M198 Towed Howitzer the following ballistic performances can be attained: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. With the 155 mm M284 Cannon used on the M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers, the 155 mm HE M107 fired using the M203/M203A1 Charge 8S can attain a maximum range of 24,000 m. Giat Industries of France produce a combustible case intended for use with all NATO standard 155 mm weapons. The case consists of a skirt, a base and a cover containing Charges 6 to 9; lower charges are formed using bagged charges. Use of this case system produces a barrel life at maximum charge of 3000 EFC. The muzzle velocities produced using this combustible case system are as follows: Charge 6 - 586 m/s Charge 7 - 705 m/s Charge 8 - 810 m/s Charge 9 - 830 m/s. Charge 9 can fire a standard 155 mm HE M107 projectile to a maximum range of 24,000 m. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore produce a unitary charge, using cloth bags, which covers Charges 6, 7, 8 and 9. Known as the C20, this charge uses M6 propellant, is 610 mm long, 160 mm in diameter and weighs 10 kg. It is anticipated that future US 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. The 155 mm training projectile meant to be used in place of the 155 mm HE M107 is the Projectile, 155 mm: Practice, M804. This is a hollow forged steel shell containing a small smoke canister in the fuze well to provide flash and smoke on impact; the shell body has four vent holes 90º apart just forward of the drive band, which serve to disperse smoke on functioning. The 155 mm Practice M804 is ballistically similar to the 155 mm HE M107 but does not produce any blast or fragmentation. The 155 mm Prac M804 is 698.5 mm long and weighs 43.09 kg. It can be fired using all charges up to the M119A2, producing a maximum range of 18,100 m and is normally used with the PD M577 fuze. In recent years it has proved to be less costly to fire HE M107 projectiles for training, so the M804 is now little encountered. Simmel Difesa SpA produce the 155 mm IM170 TP which is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 , containing 7 kg of an inert mixture in place of explosive. Also produced by Simmel Difesa SpA is the 155 mm IM201 TP which contains 4.65 kg of an inert mixture plus 2 kg of TNT to produce flash, sound and smoke on impact. A 136 g TNT supplementary charge is located under the fuze well. The 155 mm IM170 TP is ballistically matched to the 155 mm HE M107 . The Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) 155 mm RO 18-05A1 and RO 18-05A2 have been developed as training round equivalents to the 155 mm HE M107 . See separate entry for details. For drill and general training purposes the inert Projectile, 155 mm: Dummy M7 with Charge, Propelling: Dummy M2 is available. The body of the 155 mm Dummy M7 is hollow and contains a spring-loaded impact plunger to assist in extraction. Authorised fuzes The 155 mm HE M107 has a standard 2 in 12UN-1B thread in the fuze well and can accommodate a wide range of standard and commercial fuzes. Standard fuzes that can be used with the HE M107 include the following: PD M51A5, M728 series, M557, M572, M739 MTSQ M564, M577, M582 Prox M732, M728 (If fitted, the supplementary charge must be removed when the M728 is used) Equivalent projectiles BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: NR-148 Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 . No longer in production but in widespread service BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA Manufacturer Ministry of Defence, Department of Defence Industry Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. For locally-produced Howitzer M65 and also US M114A1 BRAZIL Manufacturer ENGEQUÌMICA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FI Indústria e Comércio Ltda Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Can be supplied fitted with PD M557 fuze CANADA Manufacturer SNC Industrial Technologies Inc Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: As standard US specifications although supplementary charge is 140 g of Composition A-3 (RDX/Wax 91/9). Explosive filling given as approximately 7 kg of Composition B or TNT CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Described as M107 type, filled with either TNT or Composition B. Projectile weight given as 42.91 kg and length 607 mm. Otherwise standard US specifications and offered for export sales FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Available for production and likely to be widely encountered GERMANY Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Used by German Army as DM 21. Standard US specifications GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 155 mm HE Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M572 fuze ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm IM170A1/A2 Description: Ballistically similar to 155 mm HE M107 , containing 6.65 kg of TNT or 7 kg of Composition B. 155 mm TP IM170 and IM201 (with 2 kg TNT charge) also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Hanwha Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm HE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 . Standard US specifications. Also produced are M3, M4 and No 13 (M119A2) propelling charges NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss AS Type: 155 mm NM28 HE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 155 mm HE M107 but with improved fragmentation PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Filled with 6.62 kg TNT and fitted with PD M557 fuze PORTUGAL Manufacturer Explosivos Da Trafaria SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer INDEP Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Also produced are Propelling Charges M3, M3A1 , M4A1 , M4A2, M119 and M119A2 SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Propelling Charge M4A2 also produced along with Propelling Charge C20 for use in high-performance ordnance. The latter charge uses M6 propellant and covers zones 6, 7, 8, and 9. Weight of the C20 is 10 kg, length 610 mm and diameter 160 mm SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications TAIWAN Manufacturer Hsing Hua Company Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: 155 mm RO 22 Description: Developed by Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) as part of their 155 mm Ammunition System, the RO 22 is a low-cost TNT-filled equivalent to the 155 mm HE M107 . It is fired using the BIS 70 propellant charge system which uses six increments covering US zones 3 to 8 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation (Scranton Army Ammunition Plant) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard specifications YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: 155 mm HE M107 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with 155 mm M65 howitzer so maximum muzzle velocity is 564 m/s and maximum range 14,900 m. May no longer be in productionRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
76 mm Cartridge HE-T L24A1/A2
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Belgium
76 mm Cartridge HE-T L24A1/A2
Armament 76 mm L5A1 gun fitted to FV601 Saladin . 76 mm L23A1 gun fitted to FV101 Scorpion , M113A1 fire support vehicle (Australia); Cougar (6 × 6) wheeled fire support vehicle (Canada). Development Originally developed for use with the 76 mm L3A1 gun (later developed to the L5A1 standard) fitted to the Saladin (6 × 6) armoured car, the 76 mm L24A1/A2 HE-T cartridge is also used with the 76 mm L23A1 gun which is lighter than the L5A1 but has the same overall performance. The 76 mm HE-T L24A1/A2 is intended for general infantry fire support in the field. In April 1992, a ban was placed on firing L23A1 guns on British Army Scorpions and the gun was withdrawn from British Army service, along with the Scorpions. The design authority for this ammunition rests with BAE Systems , RO Defence. Description The Cartridge 76 mm HE-T L24A1/A2 (actual calibre is 76.2 mm) is a fixed round. The projectile is fitted with a L17A6 nose fuze which functions on impact and may be fitted with a proximity fuze if desired. The shell body is manufactured using high-tensile steel to ensure the maximum number of fragments travelling at high velocity on detonation. The filling is 1.5 kg of RDX/TNT. An L5A2 tracer is fitted into the projectile base and burns for a minimum of 5 seconds. Maximum range is 6,900 m. The relatively short brass cartridge case contains a nominal 570 g of NQ/M 07 triple-base propellant and is fitted with a percussion primer in the base. A version of this round used for training is known as the 76 mm HE-Prac-T L25A1. It matches the L25A1/A2 HE-T trajectory at realistic combat ranges. The weight and overall length are the same as the HE-T L24A1/A2 round but the filling is an inert substitute. Authorised fuzes PD L17A6 and similar Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: 76 mm HE-T M330 Description: Fitted with a PD M557 or equivalent fuze. Projectile contains Composition B and the round utilises a single base multiperforation propellant. Fitted with an M13 type tracer which burns for more than 3 seconds. Direct fire range is 2,500 m and maximum range for indirect fire is 6,900 m. An HE-TP-T M332 for training is availableRead More
Cartridge 76 mm HESH-T L29
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
Cartridge 76 mm HESH-T L29
Armament 76 mm L5A1 gun fitted to FV601 Saladin . 76 mm L23A1 gun fitted to FV101 Scorpion , M113A1 fire support vehicle (Australia); Cougar (6 × 6) wheeled fire support vehicle (Canada). Development Originally developed for use with the 76 mm L3A1 gun (later developed to the L5A1 standard) fitted to the Saladin (6 × 6) armoured car, the L29 HESH-T cartridge is also used with the 76 mm L23A1 gun which is lighter than the L5A1 but has the same overall performance. The L26 HESH-T series of projectiles is intended to be a general purpose anti-hard target high-explosive round and is also effective against concrete fortifications, buildings and soft-skinned vehicles. In April 1992, a ban was placed on firing L23A1 guns on British Army Scorpions and the gun was withdrawn from British Army service, along with the Scorpions. A special decoppering round, the L44, is available. It has the same weights and performance as the L29 HESH-T. The design authority for this ammunition rests with BAE Systems , RO Defence. Description The 76 mm L29 HESH-T (actual calibre is 76.2 mm) is a one-piece round using a thin-walled projectile. It has a short rounded ogive and is filled with RDX/Wax initiated by an L71A1 base detonating fuze. The base of the projectile also houses an L5A2 tracer. On impact the ogive and shell wall collapse to spread a `plaster' of explosive against the target. As the base fuze detonates the explosive, the resultant detonation pressures from the `plaster' are directed against and through the surface of the target. The relatively short brass cartridge case is filled with 610 g of NQ/M 07 triple-base propellant and is fitted with a percussion primer. The 76 mm L29 HESH-T can defeat 90 mm of armour plate at a 60º angle of attack at combat ranges up to 2,500 m. The round is claimed to have a good graze performance and is only slightly less effective against troops in the open than an HE round. An inert 76 mm SH /Prac L40A1 is available for training purposes. The L40A1 is similar overall to the service L29 HESH-T although the explosive filling is replaced by an inert high-explosive substitute. It is possible to fit this round with a live fuze, together with a flash pellet, to provide an indication of the point of impact by the production of a flash and a cloud of smoke. At realistic combat ranges the 76 mm SH/Prac L40A1 matches the L29 HESH-T trajectory and has the same weights. MECAR SA of Belgium also produce a 76 mm HESH-T-TP-T M331. Authorised fuzes BD L71A1 Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: 76 mm HESH-T-T M329 and HESH-T-TP-T M331 Description: Filled with Composition A-3 and the round utilises a single base multiperforation propellant which includes a decoppering agent. An M13 type tracer burns for more than 3 seconds. The M329 can defeat 90 mm of armour plate at 60º at ranges up to 2,500 m. The MECAR HESH-T-TP-T M331, with the same ballistics is available for training CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: 76 mm L29A5 HESH-T Description: Standard specifications. Uses NQ/M 028 propellant Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: Cartridge 76 mm SH/P C-69 Description: Equivalent to SH Prac L40A1. Uses NQ/M 028 propellantRead More
Cartridge, 105 mm: HEAT-T M456 series
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
Cartridge, 105 mm: HEAT-T M456 series
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development There are four service rounds in the 105 mm HEAT-T M456 series. The first three (the M456, M456E1 and M456A1) differ mainly in the type of cartridge case barrel wear reduction liner (the M456 did not have one) while the M456A2, standardised in 1980, differs mainly in having a different method of fixing the nose impact switch assembly so that the warhead will detonate on graze or shoulder impact on any part of the projectile body. The spike assembly for the M456A2 is produced by the AAI Corporation. At one time there was a programme to replace the M456 series with a new 105 mm HEAT-MP-T round known as the XM815. The projectile involved used folding fins and a PIBD XM763 fuze system. This programme was subsequently cancelled. Description All rounds in the 105 mm HEAT-T M456 series are fixed, with the projectile assemblies rigidly secured to the brass or steel cartridge cases by a series of crimping indentations. The projectiles are steel bodied and all have plastic obturators and seals. The front of the projectile is occupied by a threaded standoff spike assembly (weight 2.13 kg) with an impact switch assembly at the tip. The sensor switch assembly is connected internally to an M509A1 base detonating fuze. As the assembly impacts on a target, a piezoelectric element generates a voltage enabling the fuze to function and ignite 970 g of Composition B formed into a shaped charge behind a conical copper liner. The rear of the projectile is connected to a fin and boom assembly; the fin is threaded to receive a replaceable M13 tracer which burns for a minimum of 2.5 seconds after firing. The M148A1B1 cartridge case contains a nominal 5.5 kg of loosely packed M30 triple-base propellant. An M83 electrical primer is fitted to the base, connected to a flash tube extending almost to the tail of the projectile assembly. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. A barrel wear reducing titanium dioxide liner is assembled to the interior wall of the M456E1 cartridge case; this is not present on the M456. The M456A1 and M456A2 liner is covered by a high-temperature wax topped with a mylar barrier. The muzzle velocity for all the rounds in the 105 mm HEAT-T M456 series is 1,173.5 m/s. Maximum possible range is 8,975 m, although maximum combat ranges are limited to a maximum of 1,500 m. It has been estimated that the M456A2 warhead can penetrate up to 432 mm of armour or 175 mm set at an angle of 60º. At operational ranges it can penetrate a NATO single heavy target. On detonation, viable anti-personnel fragments are scattered over a radius of at least 15 m. The training round for the 105 mm HEAT-T M456 series is the Cartridge, 105 mm: TP-T, M490. This has the same ballistic characteristics, weight and dimensions as the 105 mm M456 series but the steel-bodied, inert projectile assembly contains only 38 g of Composition A5 ignited by a PIBD M549 fuze for target marking purposes; there is an M13 tracer in the fin assembly. The standoff spike is solid aluminium. Cartridge cases may be of the M148A1 or M148A1B1 pattern. A complete M490 round weighs 20.4 kg and length is 990.6 mm. Maximum range is 8,207 m. The TP-T M490 is produced in the USA by General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) and Lockheed Martin. Also intended for the training role is the Cartridge, 105 mm: TP-T M490A1. This differs from the M490 in several respects, not the least of which is that the M490A1 projectile lacks a tail and boom assembly. The projectile is all-steel and contains an M13 tracer in the projectile base. The cartridge case may be of the M14A or M14B type, containing M14 propellant ignited by an M80A electrical primer. The complete round is 1.164 m long and weighs 20.78 kg. Authorised fuzes PIBD M509A1 or M509A2 Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: HEAT-MP-T M1061 Description: Enhanced equivalent to M456A2. Round weight 22 kg and round length 995 mm. Explosive used is 970 g of Composition B acting on a copper liner. Muzzle velocity 1,173 m/s. Stated to have performance characteristics of M456A2 but fitted with an electronic PIBD fuze with a graze function and two independent in-bore safeties. Sales have been made to an unspecified Middle East nation. A training version, the M490A1 HEAT-TP-T, is also available EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: HEAT-T M456A1 Description: Standard US specifications. TP-T M490 also produced FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HEAT-T NR 132/M456 Description: Originally produced by PRB of Belgium but now available from Giat Industries. Equivalent to M456A1. Available with either brass or steel cartridge cases. Specifications provided show some changes from the US original. Round weight is 21.8 kg with projectile weight 9.8 kg. Propellant weight is 5.2 kg of M30 . Round length is 999 mm. HEAT-TP-T M490 also produced GERMANY Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec Type: HEAT-MP-T Description: Generally similar to M456 series. Round weight is 21.7 kg and projectile weight 10.3 kg. Muzzle velocity is 1,174 m/s and chamber pressure 3,700 bar. Round length is 1,174 mm. A HEAT-Prac is available GREECE Manufacturer Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) Type: HEAT-T M456A1 Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: HEAT-T Description: Appears to be based on M456 series with explosive warhead weighing 1.1 kg but otherwise standard specifications ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: I-HEAT-T M152/3 Description: See separate entry ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HEAT-T Description: Specifications as for M456A1. TP-T also produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: HEAT-T M456A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: HEAT-T M456A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEAT-T M456A1 Description: Standard US specifications. Also produced is TP-T M490 SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: HEAT or HEAT-T M456 Description: Available with or without tracer. Otherwise standard US specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) Type: HEAT M456A2 Description: Standard specifications. Also produced is TP-T M490Read More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 105 mm: HEP-T M393 series
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Israel
Cartridge, 105 mm: HEP-T M393 series
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development There are two rounds in the 105 mm HEP-T M393 series, the M393A1 standardised in 1965, and the M393A2. They differ mainly in the type of base detonating fuze fitted, the M393A1 has the M534 while the M393A2 has the M578 . The M393A1 also has slightly less explosive filling than the M393A2. Both rounds may be regarded as general purpose anti-armour and high-explosive munitions. A variant of the M393A2 has been chosen as one of the rounds for the 105 mm armed Mobile Gun System (MGS) variant of the US Interim Armoured Vehicle (IAV). While based on the M393A2 it will incorporate components which meet current fuze and insensitive munitions requirements. A variety of contractor-developed solutions are possible, however, the US Army announced in Q1 of 2001 that a metal cartridge case, granular propellant, electrically initiated primer, high explosive projectile and impact initiating fuze would be used to meet the ammunition requirements for the MGS. To partially replace the aged stockpile of M393A2 rounds the US Army proposed spending US$6 million in FY02 for 1,000 rounds of the modified ammunition, with delivery beginning in March 2003. Description The 105 mm HEP-T M393 series rounds are fixed, with the projectile rigidly secured to the brass or steel cartridge case by two crimping rings. The projectiles of the M393A1 and M393A2 have a relatively short ogive and are encircled by two copper drive bands. The projectiles have thin-walled steel bodies filled with Composition A-3 (RDX/Wax 91/9). The M393A1 contains 2.86 kg and the M393A2 2.994 kg. On impact with a target the explosive filling has time to spread over the surface of the target before the base detonating fuze functions. The resultant overpressure causes shockwaves to form throughout the target, close to the detonation, causing internal spalling and damage; there are also secondary fragmentation effects. The base detonating fuze on the M393A1 is the M534 while the M393A2 has the M578 . The projectile base also has a protruding housing for an M12 tracer which is directly ignited by the flash tube of the M86 primer as it extends the full length of the cartridge case. The M12 tracer burns for a minimum of 2.5 seconds. The cartridge case used with the M393 series may be either of the 70:30 brass M150 or steel M150B1, both having an M86 electrical primer in the base. The propellant is a nominal 2.68 kg of single-base M1 packed in a bag. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. The muzzle velocity for the 105 mm HEP-T M393A1 and M393A2 is 731.5 m/s. Maximum range is 9,510 m. The training round used as the equivalent for the 105 mm HEP-T M393 series is the Cartridge, 105 mm: TP-T M393A1 (not to be confused with the operational round). The TP-T M393A1 projectile has an inert filling but retains the M12 tracer; the steel M150B1 cartridge case is used. A similar and more widely used training round is the Cartridge, 105 mm: TP-T M467. The inert projectile on the TP-T M467 has thicker steel walls than the TP-T M393A1, with a light alloy nose section threaded to the top. Both the TP-T M393A1 and M467 are ballistically matched to the HEP-T M393 series. MECAR SA of Belgium have developed their M1053 HESH-TP-T which is ballistically matched to the M393A2 HEP-T. This round was specifically developed for firing from Leopard 1 MBT tank guns and was the subject of a contract award worth $4 million, involving 10,000 rounds, placed during early 1999. The customer, a member of NATO, was not specified. A drill round used to train loaders in handling the M393 series of HEP-T rounds is the Cartridge, 105 mm: Dummy, M457. This round cannot be fired and has a steel projectile with a steel weight assembled to the rear of the projectile to simulate the weight and handling characteristics of the HEP-T M393 series exactly. The M457 dummy round may also be used to simulate other 105 mm tank rounds. Authorised fuzes M393A1, BD M534; M393A2, BD M578 Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: HESH-T M393A2 Description: Standard US specifications for M393A2. Brass or steel cases available. Supplied to Belgian Army. HESH-TP-T M467 also produced Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: HESH-T M1053 Description: Ballistically matched to HEP-T M393A2. In production FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HESH-T NR 133 Description: Equivalent to M393A2. Originally produced by PRB of Belgium. Also known as FSN 1315-C507. Standard US specifications. No longer in series production by Giat Industries GERMANY Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec Type: HESH DM 512 Description: Generally similar to M393 series but round weight is 20.9 kg and projectile weight 11.3 kg. Muzzle velocity is 737 m/s and chamber pressure 1,800 bar. Training round is HESH-P DM 78 GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: TP-T M467 Description: Standard US specifications ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: HESH-T M156 Description: Identical to HEP-T M393 in dimensions and ballistic performance but with changes to suit local production methods. Propellant is 2.8 kg of 105-7T-M6 ignited by a M433/1 electrical primer. The base detonating fuze is a L-56. The tracer element burns for a minimum of 6 seconds ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HEP-T Description: Standard US specificationsRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 105 mm: Smoke, WP-T, M416
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Belgium
Cartridge, 105 mm: Smoke, WP-T, M416
Armament All 105 mm L7, Rh 105, M68 and CN105F1 series tank guns and South African GT7 tank gun. Development This 105 mm tank gun round was standardised in 1964 and is intended to produce spotting, signalling or screening smoke. There are also some secondary incendiary effects against suitable flammable targets. It is no longer in service with the US Army. Description The 105 mm Smoke WP-T M416 is a fixed round with the projectile crimped into a rimmed cartridge case. Two gilding metal drive bands encircle the projectile body. The M949 projectile has thin steel walls and a relatively short ogive similar to that used on the HEP-T M393 series. The base is flat and houses an M534 series base detonating fuze, together with a protruding housing containing an M12 tracer which burns for a minimum of 6 seconds after firing. The tracer is ignited directly by the M86 primer tube which extends the full length of the cartridge case. The projectile contains a centrally oriented M48 burster assembly containing Composition B. The burster casing is machined with a six-bladed impeller extending into the filling which is 2.72 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). The impeller is used to increase in-flight stability at firing temperatures above +38ºC. The cartridge case may be either a 70:30 brass M150 or a steel M150B1. Both types are fitted with an M86 electrical primer and are filled with a nominal 2.68 kg of M1 single-base propellant in a cloth bag. Before loading, the primer is normally protected by a metal clip over the base of the cartridge case. The muzzle velocity of the 105 mm Smoke WP-T M416 is 731.5 m/s. Maximum range is 9,150 m. Authorised fuzes BD M534 Equivalent rounds BELGIUM BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: SMK(WP)-T M416 Description: Standard US specifications. Supplied to Middle EastRead More
0.38 Smith & Wesson
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
0.38 Smith & Wesson
Synonyms 0.38 Super Police; 0.38 S&W Short; DWM 203; GR 932 Armament Suitably chambered revolvers. Development This cartridge was introduced by Smith & Wesson in 1876 to accompany its first 0.38 revolver, the Single-Action `Baby Russian'. It was immediately popular and went on to become perhaps the most common revolver cartridge in the world. Every manufacturer has made revolvers to suit, and every ammunition manufacturer has, at some time or another, produced this cartridge. Description A rimmed, brass or plated, straight case, Berdan or Boxer primed. Various bullets have been used, the most usual being ogival or round-nosed lead, round-nose full metal jacket, or wadcutter. Shot cartridges and spherical ball have been known in the past. BELGIUM Manufacturer Browning SA Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.76 g; MV 209 m/s FINLAND Manufacturer Nammo Lapua Cartridge Factory Ltd Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.5 g; MV 230 m/s FRANCE Manufacturer SFM Défense Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.5 g; MV 220 m/s Ball: FMJ; 9.5 g; MV 220 m/s ISRAEL Manufacturer Kalia Israel Cartridge Company Ltd Type: Ball: Lead, SWC; 9.7 g; MV 213 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.4 g; MV 220 m/s Ball: FMJ; 9.4 g; MV 230 m/s KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Metal Corporation Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.5 g; MV 213 m/s SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP , a division of Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: FMJ; 9.4 g; V 5 239 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Remington Arms Company Inc Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.46 g; MV 209 m/s Manufacturer Winchester-Olin Type: Ball: Lead, RN; 9.4 g; MV 209 m/sRead More
Nammo
Nammo
20 × 110RB mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Brazil
20 × 110RB mm
Synonyms 20 mm Oerlikon S Armament Oerlikon Mk 4 (US Navy); Oerlikon Mk 2, 3 and 4 (UK); Polsten (UK). Development This was developed by Oerlikon in the 1930s and subsequently adopted by the UK and USA during the Second World War. Several other countries took Oerlikon guns of this chambering into service, and ammunition of this pattern is still widely manufactured. Description The bottlenecked cartridge case uses a rebated rim, the rim being very obviously smaller than the head of the case. Cases of steel or brass may be found, although the former is not common. Ignition is by a conventional percussion cap pressed into the base of the case. Projectiles vary from solid shot to explosive and incendiary projectiles with impact fuzes. BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: HE-I FN60: Steel shell, forward end filled TNT, rear of cavity filled incendiary mixture; compression-ignition, strikerless nose impact fuze; 122 g; Mv 830 m/s HE-I-T FN62: Steel two-part shell, front section filled HE-Incendiary mixture, rear filled tracer; strikerless nose impact fuze; 120 g; MV 830 m/s HE-I-T-SD FN71: As for HE-I-T FN62 but with a heat relay between tracer and explosive to provide self-destruction; 122 g; MV 830 m/s SAP-I-T FN74: Pointed steel shell, filled incendiary composition and red tracer; 122 g; MV 830 m/s TP FN65A2: HE-I shell body, filled inert; 122 g; MV 830 m/s TP-T FN63A1: HE-I-T shell body, front empty, rear filled tracer; dummy fuze; 120 g; Mv 830 m/s BRAZIL Manufacturer Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos Type: HE-I M74E1: Steel shell filled Hexolite; nose impact fuze; 100 g; MV 875 m/s HE-I-T M72E1: As for HE-I but two-compartment shell, rear filled red tracer with heat relay for self-destruction; nose impact fuze; 101 g; MV 875 m/s TP: Body of HE-I shell, empty; dummy fuze; 123 g; Mv 810 m/s TP-T: Body of HE-I-T shell with tracer; dummy fuze; 123 g; MV 810 m/s FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I: Steel shell filled 11.5 g Hexal 70/30; impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I: As above but fuzed MR21 impact fuze HE-I: As above but fuzed MR204B impact fuze with self-destruction between 2.5 - 9 seconds HE-I-T: Steel two-section shell, front filled 4.7 g Hexal 70/30, rear filled red tracer; fuzed 16/18 Mle 61 impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I-T: As above but fuzed MR21 impact fuze HE-I-T: As above but fuzed MR204B impact fuze with self-destruction between 2.5 - 9 seconds AP-T: Steel pointed shell with rear cavity, part filled inert, remainder filled red tracer; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP: Steel shell, filled inert; plug representing Fuze MR21; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP: Steel shell, filled inert; plug representing Fuze MR204B; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP-T: Steel two-section shell, front filled inert, rear section filled red tracer; plug representing Fuze MR21; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP-T: As above but with plug representing Fuze MR204B; 122 g; MV 845 m/s GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: HE-I: Steel shell, loaded 11.4 g Hexal; impact fuze 16/18 Mle 61; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I-T: Steel two-section shell, forward section filled 4.7 g Hexal, rear section red tracer; impact fuze 16/18 Mle 61; 123 g; MV 845 m/s TP: Body of HE-I shell, empty; dummy fuze; 120 g; Mv 845 m/s TP-T: Body of HE-I-T shell with tracer; dummy fuze; 123 g; MV 845 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: HE: Steel shell, loaded Hexal or TNT; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 120 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I: As for HE but filled one-third incendiary, two-thirds HE HE-T: Steel two-section shell, forward section filled HE over incendiary mixture, rear section red tracer; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 122 g; MV 845 m/s BL: Target practice round; HE shell body filled inert; dummy fuze; 120 g; MV 845 m/s SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: HE-T: Steel shell, filled RDX with red tracer 3 seconds nominal; fuzed Mk 26 nose impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I: Steel shell, filled Hexolite; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I-T: As for HE-I but two-section shell with rear section filled red tracer burning 3 seconds; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 122 g; MV 845 m/s AP-T: Pointed projectile, filled RDX, red tracer burning 3 seconds; base fuzed; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP: HE shell body, filled inert; inert fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP-T: HE-I-T shell body with front compartment filled inert rear filled red tracer burning 3 seconds; inert fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government plants Type: HE: Steel shell filled Pentolite or Tetryl; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 125 g; MV 830 m/s HE-I Mk 3: Steel shell, filled Pentolite and incendiary composition; nose impact fuze Mk 26; 125 g; MV 830 m/s HE-I-T Mk 4: As for HE-I but with tracer in shell base and reduced filling of high explosive; 123 g; MV 830 m/s AP-T Mk 9: Solid steel shot, bored at rear for tracer. 120 g; MV 840 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE: Steel shell, filled 12.1 g TNT or RDX/Aluminium; nose impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-T M62 : Steel two-section shell, front filled 6.1 g TNT or RDX/Aluminium, rear filled red tracer with heat relay for self-destruction after about 3.5 seconds; nose impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I: As for HE but filled 12.1 g RDX/Aluminium; nose impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s HE-I-T: As for HE-T but filled 6.1 g RDX/Aluminium only; nose impact fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s AP: Pointed piercing shot with empty balance cavity; 142 g; MV 844 m/s AP-T M63: A pointed piercing shot with tracer compartment at the rear; red trace, burning 3.5 seconds; 142 g; MV 844 m/s; penetration 25 mm armour plate at 100 m AP-I M63: A pointed piercing shot with a rear compartment filled incendiary composition; unfuzed; 142 g; MV 844 m/s; penetration 25 mm of armour plate at 100 m AP-I-T M63: Similar to the AP-I M63 but the rear compartment is partly filled with incendiary composition and the remainder with a 3.5 seconds tracer; 142 g; MV 844 m/s; penetration 25 mm of armour plate at 100 m TP: Body of the HE shell, filled inert; dummy fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/s TP-T M62 : Body of the HE-T M62 but with the front compartment filled inert; inert fuze; 122 g; MV 845 m/sRead More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
20 × 110 mm USN
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Singapore
20 × 110 mm USN
Synonyms 20 mm US Navy Mk 100 Armament US Navy Mk 11 and 12 guns; Mk 100 gun; Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS). Development This round was developed in the 1950s by the US Navy, together with the Mk 11 and 12 guns, for aircraft use. The Mk 11 was a two-barrelled revolver gun with a rate of fire of 4,200 rds/min and entered service in the late 1950s. The Mk 12 was basically an improved Hispano-Suiza with a rate of 1,000 rds/min. Both guns found their way to other countries in US supplied aircraft. Description The rimless, bottlenecked case is more or less an extended version of the 20 × 102 mm case; it carries a more powerful IMR 7013, WC 870 or WC 872 propelling charge and is electrically primed. Projectiles are conventional and weigh about 110 g. Note that this round is not interchangeable with the 20 × 110 mm HS404 round or the 20 × 110RB Oerlikon S round. BELGIUM Manufacturer FN HERSTAL SA Type: AP-I FN144: projectile 101 g; MV 1,030 m/s HE-I FN143A1: Shell impact fuze; 101 g; MV 1,030 m/s HE-I-T FN142A1: Shell with tracer self-destruction; impact fuze; 101 g; MV 1,030 m/s TP FN140: Shell, inert; 99 g; MV 1,030 m/s TP-T FN141: Shell, inert, with tracer; 99 g; Mv 1,030 m/s FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: AP-I: An unusual compound projectile consisting of a base section which is a short, pointed, armour-piercing, steel projectile and a forward ogive section which is hollow, filled with incendiary material and sits on the tip of the base section. The two sections are then connected together by a thin steel sleeve which is pressed into a groove on the base section and into the ogive at the shoulder. A Tombak driving band is pressed into the base. 110 g; Mv 1,012 m/s HE-I: Steel shell, filled Hexal; fuzed MR214 nose impact fuze; 110 g; MV 1,012 m/s TP: Steel shell, empty; dummy fuze; 110 g; Mv 1,012 m/s TP-T: Steel two-section shell, front empty, rear filled tracer; dummy fuze; 110 g; Mv 1,012 m/s SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS) Type: HE-I: Steel shell, loaded Hexal; nose impact fuze; 110 g; MV 1,012 m/s AP-I: Solid steel shot with ballistic cap, filled incendiary mixture and base tracer; 100 g; MV 1,012 m/s TP: Inert projectile representing HE-I; 110 g; MV 1,012 m/s TP-T: As for TP but with base tracer; 100 g; MV 1,012 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Government contractors Type: Ball-TP M55A1: Steel inert projectile; dummy fuze HE-I M56A3: Steel shell loaded with RDX and incendiary composition; Point Detonating fuze, M505 series; 101 g AP-I M53 : Steel pointed shell with alloy ballistic cap and filling of incendiary materialRead More
25 × 137 mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
United States
25 × 137 mm
Synonyms 25 mm Oerlikon KBA ; 25 mm GAU-12/U; 25 mm Bushmaster Armament Oerlikon KBA; GAU-12/U and M242 ; Mauser Model E; Rheinmetall Rh205; Giat M811; Aden 25. Development In the early 1960s the US Army's Bushmaster MICV cannon project resulted in, among other things, the Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge TRW-6425 cannon, designed by the late Eugene Stoner of Armalite rifle fame. When Bushmaster was shelved, the European rights to the design were acquired by Oerlikon-Bührle (now Oerlikon Contraves AG ). The company made some improvements and produced it as the Model KBA, developing a range of ammunition to go with it. Since then the utility of this calibre has been generally recognised and the Bushmaster project was eventually revived, the Hughes Chain Gun and the GAU-12 Gatling gun were developed and the British Aden aircraft gun adapted to this calibre. Other designers have also developed weapons for this round. Description The case is rimless, bottlenecked and of lacquered steel. It is instantly identifiable by the belt link locating groove just behind the case shoulder. This is expanded by internal pressure when fired, but it leaves an easily discerned mark around the case. The original projectiles were of typical Oerlikon pattern but many new types have been developed subsequently by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, as well as in the USA and other countries. BELGIUM Manufacturer MECAR SA Type: APFSDS-T M935: See following entry FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I: Steel thin-walled shell, filled Hexal; nose impact fuze MR251 giving self-destruction between 4.5 and 14 s; 183 g; MV 1,100 m/s HE-I-T: Steel thin-walled shell with tracer socket formed on base, filled Hexal, red tracer; nose impact fuze providing self-destruction; 183 g; MV 1,100 m/s SAP-HE-I: Pointed steel shell with ballistic cap; shell body filled Hexal, ballistic cap filled incendiary composition; base delay fuze; 185 g; MV 1,100 m/s SAP-HE-I-T: As SAP-HE-I but with a tracer socket on the rear of the base fuze; 190 g; MV 1,100 m/s AP-HC: Tungsten core in steel body with alloy ballistic cap; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s AP-HC-T: As AP-HC but with red tracer; 178 g; Mv 1,100 m/s APDS: Tungsten carbide subprojectile in alloy/plastic sabot; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s APDS-T: As APDS but with red tracer; 183 g; Mv 1,100 m/s APFSDS-T: No information available TP: Steel shell body, empty; dummy fuze; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s TP-T: Steel two-section shell body, front empty, rear carrying red tracer; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s TP OXER: For training in reduced areas GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl GmbH Type: HE-I: Self-destruction 3.7 to 5 seconds; 195 g; MV 1,100 m/s SAP-HE: Self-destruction 3.7 to 5 seconds; 195 g; MV 1,100 m/s TP-T: 195 g; MV 1,100 m/s NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: AP-I-T: Steel pointed projectile with alloy ballistic cap containing incendiary mixture, tail tracer; 185 g; MV 1,100 m/s TP-T: Inert projectile representing AP-I-T, with tracer; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s APDS-T: Tungsten penetrator in plastic sabot NORWAY Manufacturer Nammo Raufoss Technology A/S Type: Multipurpose MPT-SD Mark 2: Steel body with high-explosive and incendiary fillings, the incendiary extending into the nose cap. Dark ignition red tracer to 2,500 m in rear, with heat relay to effect self-destruction after 5.3 seconds flight. 183.5 g; MV 1,089 m/s Multipurpose M84A1: Similar to MPT-SD but without tracer; 183.5 g; MV 1,089 m/s Multipurpose MPT-SD Low Drag: Similar to MPT-SD Mark 2 but using a new low-drag projectile body which improves terminal velocity at 2,000 m by 54 per cent, reduces the time of flight to 2,000 m by 25 per cent and gives increased terminal effects SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG All Oerlikon rounds are NATO qualified in accordance with STANAG 4173 Type: HE-I-T: Deep drawn steel shell with soft iron driving band, filled 27 g Hexal P30, base tracer; fuzed KZB335 impact fuze providing self-destruction after 5 to 11 seconds; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s SAP-HE-I-T: Hardened steel shell body with alloy ballistic cap, filled 11 g Hexal P30; base fuze BZB336 providing 200 ms delay and self-destruction after 5 to 11 seconds flight; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s APDS-T: Tungsten alloy penetrator core with light alloy ballistic cap, in plastic and alloy sabot, base tracer burning >1.2 seconds; 150 g; MV 1,335 m/s; penetration 30 mm at 60º at 1,000 m, 25 mm at 60º at 2,000 m FAPDS-T: Generally similar to the APDS projectile but with a penetrator of frangible metal, so that after penetration of the target it disintegrates into a cloud of fragments to cause widespread damage; 150 g; MV 1,310 m/s. Purchased by Canada and qualified by the Netherlands for use in the M242 Chain Gun and Oerlikon-Contraves KBA cannon APFSDS-T: Fin-stabilised discarding sabot; based on APDS technology but with a fin-stabilising tail unit attached to the subprojectile. Performance is maintained over a 40 per cent range increase over the APDS projectile and it is estimated that this design has a greater growth potential than APDS in the long term. 130 g; MV 1,405 m/s; penetration 36 mm at 60º at 1,000 m; 31 mm at 60º at 2,000 m. Purchased by Canada and qualified by the Netherlands for use in the M242 Chain Gun and Oerlikon-Contraves KBA cannon TP-T: The same shell body as the HE-I-T shell but filled inert; dummy fuze; tracer in rear, burns >3 seconds; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/s TPDS-T: A target practice discarding sabot shot with tracer; functions in the same manner as FAPDS-T but uses simpler materials in its construction; 95 g; Mv 1,450 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Alliant Techsystems, Defense Systems Type: M792 HEI-T/SD: Steel thin-walled projectile loaded 30.2 g HE and with red tracer; fuzed PD M758 with self-destruct; projectile, 184 g; MV 1,100 m/s M791 APDS-T: Tungsten alloy penetrator102 g in alloy/plastic discarding sabot with red tracer; projectile, 134 g; MV 1,345 m/s. Over 6 million rounds produced by Alliant. Frangible APDS-T: Identical to M791 save for frangible core optimised for defeat of aircraft targets; 135 g; trace visible for 2.2 seconds; MV 1,330 m/s APFSDS-T FANG: FANG stands for Fin-stabilised Armor-piercing Next Generation and is a tungsten penetrator round designed to meet future armour threats. Armour penetration is given as 31 mm of armour set at 60º at 2,000 m. Time of flight to 2,000 m is 1.6 seconds with MV of 1,410 m/s. Cartridge weight 450 g. Tracer burns for 1.6 seconds. M793 TP-T: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and rear tracer, empty, ballistically matched to M792 and Mk210 HEI-T rounds; projectile, 184 g; MV 1,100 m/s M910 TPDS-T: Inert subprojectile with tracer, in alloy/plastic discarding sabot. Training round ballistically matched to M791 and APDS-T Frangible rounds to a range of 8,000 m. Trace visible for 4 seconds. Time of flight to 2,000 m 1.8 seconds; remaining velocity 785 m/s; 95 g; MV (nominal)1,515 m/s. TP-T M793: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and rear tracer, empty, ballistically matched to M792; 184 g; MV 1,100 m/s PGU-23 TP: Devloped as a low-cost training substitute for the PGU-25 HEI round. MV 1,100 m/s. PGU-25 HEI: High explosive round for use in the AV-8 Harrier; MV 1,100 m/s. Over 1.4 million rounds produced by Alliant. TPDS-T M910: Training round for the APFSDS-T M919. Uses similar construction but with a steel subprojectile and tracer; 95 g; MV 1,540 m/s PGU-32/U SAPHEI: Designed for use in both ground and air applications against lightly armoured targets. Trace visible for 5.5 seconds; MV 1,100 m/s. Contract in progress for 1.1 million rounds TP Frangible PGU-33/U: Solid projectile made of Partially Stabilised Zirconia (PSZ) ceramic material which shatters on impact with the target. For practice purposes; ballistically matched to the PGU-20/U AP projectile PGU-38/U HEI: Developed to extend the standoff range of the AC-130 aircraft. Projectile weight 184 g. MV 1,100 m/s. Over 1.4 million produced by Alliant. Mk 210 HEI-T: Developed for the US Navy for use in Mk 38 weapon system. Trace visible for 6 seconds. MV 1,100 m/s. Manufacturer General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems APFSDS-T: Identical to the M919 except that the long rod penetrator is tungsten carbide rather than depleted uranium. Developed for export; 138 g; MV 1,420 m/s APDS-T M791: 102 g tungsten core in alloy/plastic discarding sabot with red tracer; 132 g; MV 1,345 m/s Type: HEI-T M792: Steel thin-walled projectile loaded 30.2 g HE and with red tracer; fuzed PD M758 with self-destruct between 6.2 and 19 seconds; 184 g; MV 1,100 m/s TP-T M793: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and trace. Inert. Ballistically matched to the M792; 184 g; MV 1,100 m/s Dummy M794: Totally inert cartridge used for training and testing TPDS-T M910: Training practice round for the M919. Similar construction, but with steel subprojectile; 95 g; MV 1,540 m/s TPDS-T M910E1: Developmental replacement for the M910 AP-I PGU-20/U: 150 g depleted uranium subprojectile in steel body with thin metal ballistic cap; 215 g; MV 1,000 m/s. Ballistically matched to the M919 TP PGU-23/U: Similar to M793 but without tracer. For US Navy and Marine Corps HE-I PGU-25/U: Similar to M792 but without tracer. For US Navy and Marine Corps SAPHE-I-T PGU-32/U: Combined high-explosive and armour-piercing capability against light armoured vehicles. For US Navy and Marine Corps TPF-T PGU-33/U: Frangible training round that does not ricochet upon impact with the target, but breaks up into small fragments APFSDS-T M919: A 98 g depleted uranium long rod penetrator, fin-stabilised, carried in an alloy/plastic sabot. Rear of fin unit bored for tracer. 132 g; MV 1,390 m/s. Time of flight to 2,000 m 1.56 seconds; remaining velocity 1,149 m/sRead More
Nammo
Nammo
6.5 × 54 mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Czech Republic
6.5 × 54 mm
Synonyms 6.5 mm Mannlicher-Schoenauer; 6.5 mm Greek Mannlicher; DWM 477; Roth 632 Armament Greek service M1903 Mannlicher rifle and carbine, M1914 carbine, M1924 Hotchkiss machine gun; Schwarzlose machine gun; and suitably chambered sporting rifles. Development Developed by Steyr, probably with the assistance of Roth, and first used with the M1903 Greek army rifle. Mannlicher then made sporting rifles in the same calibre and the round became quite popular both in Europe and the USA, having considerable killing power against large game. There are still a few surplus military rifles available in this caliber, although it is rarely encountered in active duty forces. Description A rimless, brass, bottlenecked case with a round-nosed, lead-cored, cupro-nickel jacketed bullet. Sporting ammunition may well have soft point or other types of bullet. AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: Ball: JSP; 9.1 g; MV 665 m/s CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Sellier & Bellot Type: Ball: JSP; 8.5 g; MV 735 m/s Ball: JSP; 10.3 g; MV 672 m/sRead More
0.32 Smith & Wesson
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
United States
0.32 Smith & Wesson
Synonyms 0.32 S&W Short; DWM202; GR930 Armament Suitably chambered revolvers. Development Developed by Smith & Wesson for its Model 1 1/2 revolver introduced in 1878. This round soon became popular and suitable revolvers have been made by virtually every manufacturer throughout the world. As a home or personal defence cartridge it is only marginally adequate by modern standards and is unsuitable for police or military applications. Description A rimmed, straight cartridge, Boxer primed, with a variety of lead or jacketed bullets. Shot-filled cartridges can also be encountered in this calibre. AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: Ball: Lead, ogival; 5.7 g; MV 215 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: Lead, ogival; 5.5 g; MV 220 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Remington Arms Company Inc Type: Ball: Lead, ogival; 5.7 g; MV 207 m/s Manufacturer Winchester-Olin Type: Ball: Lead, ogival; 5.5 g; MV 207 m/sRead More
9 mm Police
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
9 mm Police
Synonyms 9 × 18 mm Police; 9 mm Police; 9 mm Ultra Armament Suitably chambered Mauser, Heckler and Koch and other pistols. Not usable in the PM Makarov or similar pistols. Development The round appeared in Germany in the early 1970s, as a result of demands for a cartridge more powerful than the 9 mm Short but not requiring a locked breech; much the same sort of demand that produced the 9 mm Makarov cartridge. As the name implies it was devised at the request of police authorities and was adopted by several German police forces, although it did not attain the popularity hoped for. The 9 mm Police cartridge was derived from the 9 × 19 mm and, apart from case length, other dimensions are the same as the more powerful round. This round is also known as the `9 mm Ultra' in both Europe and North America and will be found so marked. Description The Police round uses a rimless, straight taper case of brass, Berdan primed. Although the dimensions are nominally similar, the proportions of the rim and groove differ from the Soviet 9 × 18 mm case and the two are not interchangeable. The original bullet was cylindro-conoidal with a flat tip, but a more conventional lead-cored, steel-jacketed round-nose bullet appears to have become the accepted standard. AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.5 g; MV 315 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.5 g; MV 315 m/sRead More
9 mm Steyr
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Italy
9 mm Steyr
Synonyms 9 × 23 mm; 9 mm Mannlicher Armament 9 mm Steyr M1912 automatic pistol; certain Steyr-Solothurn, Neuhausen and Bergmann sub-machine guns. Development An Austrian service round for many years, this was introduced with the M1912 Steyr automatic pistol and subsequently used in various sub-machine guns. When the Austrian Army was integrated into the German Wehrmacht Description A rimless, straight-taper brass case, Berdan primed. The bullet is steel-jacketed, with an ogival pattern. The round is almost identical to the 9 mm Largo (Bergmann-Bayard), and can only be distinguished by the headstamps and the bullet which weighs approximately 1 g less. However, the Steyr bullet is almost always steel-jacketed, whereas the Largo bullet is the more usual gilding metal. AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.45 g; MV 375 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.45 g; MV 355 m/sRead More
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