Name: 25 × 137 mm
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<h2>Synonyms</h2>25 mm Oerlikon KBA ; 25 mm GAU-12/U; 25 mm Bushmaster<h2>Armament</h2>Oerlikon KBA; GAU-12/U and M242 ; Mauser Model E; Rheinmetall Rh205; Giat M811; Aden 25.<h2>Development</h2>In the early 1960s the US Army's Bushmaster MICV cannon project resulted in, among other things, the Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge TRW-6425 cannon, designed by the late Eugene Stoner of Armalite rifle fame. When Bushmaster was shelved, the European rights to the design were acquired by Oerlikon-Bührle (now Oerlikon Contraves AG ). The company made some improvements and produced it as the Model KBA, developing a range of ammunition to go with it. Since then the utility of this calibre has been generally recognised and the Bushmaster project was eventually revived, the Hughes Chain Gun and the GAU-12 Gatling gun were developed and the British Aden aircraft gun adapted to this calibre. Other designers have also developed weapons for this round.<h2>Description</h2>The case is rimless, bottlenecked and of lacquered steel. It is instantly identifiable by the belt link locating groove just behind the case shoulder. This is expanded by internal pressure when fired, but it leaves an easily discerned mark around the case. The original projectiles were of typical Oerlikon pattern but many new types have been developed subsequently by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, as well as in the USA and other countries.BELGIUM<h2>Manufacturer</h2>MECAR SAType: APFSDS-T M935: See following entryFRANCE<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Giat IndustriesType: HE-I: Steel thin-walled shell, filled Hexal; nose impact fuze MR251 giving self-destructionbetween 4.5 and 14 s; 183 g; MV 1,100 m/sHE-I-T: Steel thin-walled shell with tracer socket formed on base, filled Hexal, red tracer; nose impactfuze providing self-destruction; 183 g; MV 1,100 m/sSAP-HE-I: Pointed steel shell with ballistic cap; shell body filled Hexal, ballistic cap filled incendiarycomposition; base delay fuze; 185 g; MV 1,100 m/sSAP-HE-I-T: As SAP-HE-I but with a tracer socket on the rear of the base fuze; 190 g; MV 1,100 m/sAP-HC: Tungsten core in steel body with alloy ballistic cap; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sAP-HC-T: As AP-HC but with red tracer; 178 g; Mv 1,100 m/sAPDS: Tungsten carbide subprojectile in alloy/plastic sabot; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sAPDS-T: As APDS but with red tracer; 183 g; Mv 1,100 m/sAPFSDS-T: No information availableTP: Steel shell body, empty; dummy fuze; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sTP-T: Steel two-section shell body, front empty, rear carrying red tracer; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sTP OXER: For training in reduced areasGERMANY<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Diehl GmbHType: HE-I: Self-destruction 3.7 to 5 seconds; 195 g; MV 1,100 m/sSAP-HE: Self-destruction 3.7 to 5 seconds; 195 g; MV 1,100 m/sTP-T: 195 g; MV 1,100 m/sNETHERLANDS<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Eurometaal NVType: AP-I-T: Steel pointed projectile with alloy ballistic cap containing incendiary mixture, tailtracer; 185 g; MV 1,100 m/sTP-T: Inert projectile representing AP-I-T, with tracer; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sAPDS-T: Tungsten penetrator in plastic sabotNORWAY<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Nammo Raufoss Technology A/SType: Multipurpose MPT-SD Mark 2: Steel body with high-explosive and incendiary fillings, theincendiary extending into the nose cap. Dark ignition red tracer to 2,500 m in rear, with heat relay toeffect self-destruction after 5.3 seconds flight. 183.5 g; MV 1,089 m/sMultipurpose M84A1: Similar to MPT-SD but without tracer; 183.5 g; MV 1,089 m/sMultipurpose MPT-SD Low Drag: Similar to MPT-SD Mark 2 but using a new low-drag projectilebody which improves terminal velocity at 2,000 m by 54 per cent, reduces the time of flight to 2,000 mby 25 per cent and gives increased terminal effectsSWITZERLAND<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AGAll Oerlikon rounds are NATO qualified in accordance with STANAG 4173Type: HE-I-T: Deep drawn steel shell with soft iron driving band, filled 27 g Hexal P30, base tracer;fuzed KZB335 impact fuze providing self-destruction after 5 to 11 seconds; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sSAP-HE-I-T: Hardened steel shell body with alloy ballistic cap, filled 11 g Hexal P30; base fuzeBZB336 providing 200 ms delay and self-destruction after 5 to 11 seconds flight; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sAPDS-T: Tungsten alloy penetrator core with light alloy ballistic cap, in plastic and alloy sabot, basetracer burning >1.2 seconds; 150 g; MV 1,335 m/s; penetration 30 mm at 60º at 1,000 m, 25 mm at 60ºat 2,000 mFAPDS-T: Generally similar to the APDS projectile but with a penetrator of frangible metal, so thatafter penetration of the target it disintegrates into a cloud of fragments to cause widespread damage; 150g; MV 1,310 m/s. Purchased by Canada and qualified by the Netherlands for use in the M242 ChainGun and Oerlikon-Contraves KBA cannonAPFSDS-T: Fin-stabilised discarding sabot; based on APDS technology but with a fin-stabilising tailunit attached to the subprojectile. Performance is maintained over a 40 per cent range increase over theAPDS projectile and it is estimated that this design has a greater growth potential than APDS in the longterm. 130 g; MV 1,405 m/s; penetration 36 mm at 60º at 1,000 m; 31 mm at 60º at 2,000 m. Purchasedby Canada and qualified by the Netherlands for use in the M242 Chain Gun and Oerlikon-ContravesKBA cannonTP-T: The same shell body as the HE-I-T shell but filled inert; dummy fuze; tracer in rear, burns >3seconds; 180 g; MV 1,100 m/sTPDS-T: A target practice discarding sabot shot with tracer; functions in the same manner as FAPDS-Tbut uses simpler materials in its construction; 95 g; Mv 1,450 m/sUNITED STATES OF AMERICA<h2>Manufacturer</h2>Alliant Techsystems, Defense SystemsType: M792 HEI-T/SD: Steel thin-walled projectile loaded 30.2 g HE and with red tracer; fuzed PDM758 with self-destruct; projectile, 184 g; MV 1,100 m/sM791 APDS-T: Tungsten alloy penetrator102 g in alloy/plastic discarding sabot with red tracer;projectile, 134 g; MV 1,345 m/s. Over 6 million rounds produced by Alliant.Frangible APDS-T: Identical to M791 save for frangible core optimised for defeat of aircraft targets;135 g; trace visible for 2.2 seconds; MV 1,330 m/sAPFSDS-T FANG: FANG stands for Fin-stabilised Armor-piercing Next Generation and is a tungstenpenetrator round designed to meet future armour threats. Armour penetration is given as 31 mm ofarmour set at 60º at 2,000 m. Time of flight to 2,000 m is 1.6 seconds with MV of 1,410 m/s. Cartridgeweight 450 g. Tracer burns for 1.6 seconds.M793 TP-T: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and rear tracer, empty, ballistically matched toM792 and Mk210 HEI-T rounds; projectile, 184 g; MV 1,100 m/sM910 TPDS-T: Inert subprojectile with tracer, in alloy/plastic discarding sabot. Training roundballistically matched to M791 and APDS-T Frangible rounds to a range of 8,000 m. Trace visible for 4seconds. Time of flight to 2,000 m 1.8 seconds; remaining velocity 785 m/s; 95 g; MV (nominal)1,515m/s.TP-T M793: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and rear tracer, empty, ballistically matched toM792; 184 g; MV 1,100 m/sPGU-23 TP: Devloped as a low-cost training substitute for the PGU-25 HEI round. MV 1,100 m/s.PGU-25 HEI: High explosive round for use in the AV-8 Harrier; MV 1,100 m/s. Over 1.4 millionrounds produced by Alliant.TPDS-T M910: Training round for the APFSDS-T M919. Uses similar construction but with a steelsubprojectile and tracer; 95 g; MV 1,540 m/sPGU-32/U SAPHEI: Designed for use in both ground and air applications against lightly armouredtargets. Trace visible for 5.5 seconds; MV 1,100 m/s. Contract in progress for 1.1 million roundsTP Frangible PGU-33/U: Solid projectile made of Partially Stabilised Zirconia (PSZ) ceramic materialwhich shatters on impact with the target. For practice purposes; ballistically matched to the PGU-20/UAP projectilePGU-38/U HEI: Developed to extend the standoff range of the AC-130 aircraft. Projectile weight 184g. MV 1,100 m/s. Over 1.4 million produced by Alliant.Mk 210 HEI-T: Developed for the US Navy for use in Mk 38 weapon system. Trace visible for 6seconds. MV 1,100 m/s.<h2>Manufacturer</h2>General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical SystemsAPFSDS-T: Identical to the M919 except that the long rod penetrator is tungsten carbide rather thandepleted uranium. Developed for export; 138 g; MV 1,420 m/sAPDS-T M791: 102 g tungsten core in alloy/plastic discarding sabot with red tracer; 132 g; MV 1,345m/sType: HEI-T M792: Steel thin-walled projectile loaded 30.2 g HE and with red tracer; fuzed PD M758with self-destruct between 6.2 and 19 seconds; 184 g; MV 1,100 m/sTP-T M793: Hollow steel shell with alloy nose cap and trace. Inert. Ballistically matched to the M792;184 g; MV 1,100 m/sDummy M794: Totally inert cartridge used for training and testingTPDS-T M910: Training practice round for the M919. Similar construction, but with steelsubprojectile; 95 g; MV 1,540 m/sTPDS-T M910E1: Developmental replacement for the M910AP-I PGU-20/U: 150 g depleted uranium subprojectile in steel body with thin metal ballistic cap; 215g; MV 1,000 m/s. Ballistically matched to the M919TP PGU-23/U: Similar to M793 but without tracer. For US Navy and Marine CorpsHE-I PGU-25/U: Similar to M792 but without tracer. For US Navy and Marine CorpsSAPHE-I-T PGU-32/U: Combined high-explosive and armour-piercing capability against lightarmoured vehicles. For US Navy and Marine CorpsTPF-T PGU-33/U: Frangible training round that does not ricochet upon impact with the target, butbreaks up into small fragmentsAPFSDS-T M919: A 98 g depleted uranium long rod penetrator, fin-stabilised, carried in analloy/plastic sabot. Rear of fin unit bored for tracer. 132 g; MV 1,390 m/s. Time of flight to 2,000 m1.56 seconds; remaining velocity 1,149 m/s

The case is rimless, bottlenecked and of lacquered steel. It is instantly identifiable by the belt link locating groove just behind the case shoulder.

This is expanded by internal pressure when fired, but it leaves an easily discerned mark around the case. The original projectiles were of typical Oerlikon pattern but many new types have been developed subsequently by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, as well as in the USA and other countries. In the early 1960s the US Army's Bushmaster MICV cannon project resulted in, among other things, the Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge TRW-6425 cannon, designed by the late Eugene Stoner of Armalite rifle fame. When Bushmaster was shelved, the European rights to the design were acquired by Oerlikon-Bührle (now Oerlikon Contraves AG ). The company made some improvements and produced it as the Model KBA, developing a range of ammunition to go with it. Since then the utility of this calibre has been generally recognised and the Bushmaster project was eventually revived, the Hughes Chain Gun and the GAU-12 Gatling gun were developed and the British Aden aircraft gun adapted to this calibre. Other designers have also developed weapons for this round. Applications include oerlikon KBA; GAU-12/U and M242 ; Mauser Model E; Rheinmetall Rh205; Giat M811; Aden 25.

Nammo

25 × 137 mm

25 × 137 mm

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