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Defense Products Catalog — Page 152

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Giat Industries Ammunition for 105 mm LG1 Guns 105 mm HE ER G2
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
Giat Industries Ammunition for 105 mm LG1 Guns 105 mm HE ER G2
Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 (Modified) Germany; 105 mm Howitzer M56 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Development With the introduction of the 105 mm LG1 light towed gun Giat Industries developed a new family of 105 mm ammunition. This new family is based around the use of an enhanced range 105 mm HE projectile with a Base Bleed (BB) unit. The entire family of six rounds, produced by Giat Industries, can be fired from 105 mm artillery pieces with standard chambers but to take full advantage of the range increases made possible with the new 105 mm family they are meant to be fired from the longer barrelled (33 or 34 calibre) and modernised 105 mm artillery systems. The full family is optimised for firing from the 30-calibre barrel of the Giat Industries 105 mm LG1 Mk II. One component of this family, the 105 mm HE ER G1, is licence produced in Canada. See later in entry for details. Description There are six rounds in the Giat Industries 105 mm LG1 ammunition family, two fitted with Base Bleed (BB) units, two with base bleed units and increased propellant charges, and two with drag-reducing Boat Tail (BT) units. The rounds fitted with base bleed units are fixed rounds as they have a single fixed single base propellant charge. With these rounds the projectile is secured to the brass cartridge case by a single crimping ring. The two BT rounds are semi-fixed with the cartridge cases containing variable propellant charges for zones 6 to 10. Percussion primers are employed. The two base bleed rounds have a maximum range of 17,500 m when fired from the 105 mm LG1 Mk II gun or one of the longer barrelled 105 mm systems (such as the Giat Industries 105 mm M101A1 Modernised). Firing the hollow base projectiles from the same guns the maximum range is 15,000 m. For details of the increased propellant charge rounds, see below. The rounds in the 105 mm LG1 family follow. 105 mm HE ER G1 The HE projectile used with this fixed round has a high-fragmentation steel body filled with 2.5 kg of TNT, and is fitted with a base bleed unit containing 500 g of Propergol providing a maximum range of 17,500 m when fired from the LG1 and similar weapons. As with all the rounds in the 105 mm LG1 family the 105 mm HE ER G1 round is 850 mm long overall, the 13 kg projectile is 569 mm long. The complete round weighs 18 kg. Muzzle velocity when fired from the LG1 gun is 685 m/s. 105 mm HE ER G2 This extended range HE round is generally similar to the 105 mm HE ER G1 but has a heavier (2.2 kg) propellant charge to enable it to be fired with a muzzle velocity of 710 m/s. When fired from the LG1 Mk II light gun it has a maximum range of 18,100 m. This round is licence produced in Canada by SNC Technologies as the Cartridge, 105 mm HE C132. It is fired by Canadian Armed forces LG1 Mk II light guns and C3 howitzers, the latter having a 33-calibre barrel enabling it to reach a range of 18,800 m. The round utilises a C20 primer and a C12 (modified M14 ) brass cartridge case. Various types of nose-mounted fuze can be used, including the PD M739. 105 mm WP ER G1 As with the 105 mm HE ER G1, the 105 mm WP ER G1 Smoke round is fixed with the projectile having a base bleed unit. The projectile weighs 13.1 kg and is filled with 2.3 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). Other dimensions and performance figures are as for the 105 mm HE ER G1. Muzzle velocity when fired from the LG1 Mk II gun is 685 m/s. 105 mm Smoke BB G2 Corresponding to the 105 mm HE ER G2, this round has an increased propellant charge (2.2 kg) to enable it to attain a muzzle velocity of 710 m/s. This produces a maximum range of 18,100 m when fired from the LG1 Mk II light gun. It is otherwise identical to the 105 mm WP ER G1 Smoke round. 105 mm HE BT G1 This HE round is semi-fixed as the brass cartridge case contains variable charges for zones 6 to 10. The high-fragmentation steel projectile weighs 13 kg and contains 2.5 kg of TNT. Maximum range when fired from the LG1 gun or a similar artillery piece is 15,000 m. Other weights and dimensions are as for the 105 mm HE ER G1. Muzzle velocity when fired from the LG1 gun is 675 m/s. 105 mm WP BT G1 This round is the Smoke equivalent of the 105 mm HE BT G1 with the 13.1 kg projectile containing 2.3 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). The complete round weighs 18 kg. Other details are as for the 105 mm WP BT G1. Maximum ranges of the HE and Smoke BT projectiles when fired from the Giat 105 mm LG1 Mk II Light Gun are as follows: Charge 6 - 6,250 m Charge 7 - 9,400 m Charge 8 - 11,000 m Charge 9 - 13,100 m Charge 10 - 15,000 m. Authorised fuzes Standard fuzes as required Equivalent rounds CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: HE ER C132 Description: See data for HE ER G2 in text. Also produced is RP Smoke XMR102 (see separate entry).Read More
Projectile, 155 mm: Illumination, M485, M485A1
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
Projectile, 155 mm: Illumination, M485, M485A1
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm Illumination M485 series can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm Illumination M485 series can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The M485 series of 155 mm illumination projectiles have virtually taken the place of the earlier M118 series of illumination projectiles, although the M118 series may still be encountered in service with various nations (see previous entry). The 155 mm Illumination M485A2 is now the standard 155 mm illumination projectile used by the US and most NATO armed forces. Although this series is no longer in production in the USA, some production capability remains. Description The M485 series of 155 mm illumination projectiles are separate loading munitions using a hollow forged steel body with a steel base plug press fitted to the rear of the projectile and held in place by shear pins and twist pins. The exterior is fitted with a single gilding metal drive band and a plastic obturating band. The shell interior contains a primary expulsion charge, a canister assembly and a drogue parachute. The canister assembly contains a secondary expulsion charge, a delay holder, an illumination composition and the main parachute. On the 155 mm Illumination M485 the base plug is secured to the body by shear pins only. This projectile is no longer produced but may be encountered in service. The 155 mm Illumination M485A1 has the base plug secured by shear pins and twist pins. The M485A1 is no longer produced but may be encountered in service. The 155 mm Illumination M485A2 has a revised canister assembly and the canister fins are perforated to decrease the rate of deceleration before the main parachute deploys; the 155 mm Illumination M485A2 is the standard US armed forces variant of the M485 series and is the only one now in production anywhere. In operation the nose-mounted time fuze functions at the preselected time and ignites the primary expulsion charge. The resultant pressure forces the drogue parachute and canister against the baseplate, rupturing the base pins and expelling the canister assembly and its parachute. Once out of the shell body the drogue parachute deploys to decelerate the canister assembly while fins deploy to stop rotation. The primary expulsion charge also ignites the delay element in the nose of the canister assembly. After 8 seconds delay and once rotation has ceased, the secondary expulsion charge ignites the illuminating composition and expels the main parachute and the flare body from the canister assembly. The main parachute deploys and, with the flare candle suspended from shrouds, the illuminating body descends at a rate of 4.5 to 5 m/s. The flare will burn for up to 2 minutes, producing approximately 1 Mcd. The 155 mm Illumination M485A2 can be fired using the M3A1/M4A2 bagged charges although Charge 1 is not normally used. The M119 series unitary charges can be used but not the M203 . It is not recommended that 155 mm Illumination M485A2 projectiles are fired with mechanical fuze settings below 10 seconds. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads and an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required) and the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge differing from the M4A1 as it consists of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains approximately 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant with a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer. The Propelling Charge M119A2 uses a red charge bag and does not have a laced jacket. It is provided with an igniter protector cap and tie strap which must be removed before firing; the circular red cloth igniter pad weighs 113 g. The M119A2 zone 7 is equivalent to the M119/M119A1 zone 8 charge. There are four 113 g potassium sulphate flash reducer increments located in side pockets. The M119A2 is 660 mm long. The M119A2 charge is produced by Eurometaal NV as the No 13. The M119 series of propellant charges should be fired using the Primer M82 only. When fired from the 155 mm M1/M1A1 Cannon on M114/M114A1 towed howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 212 m/s - range 2,788 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 241 m/s - range 3,858 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 275 m/s - range 5,121 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 318 m/s - range 6,908 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 381 m/s - range 8,675 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 279 m/s - range 5,324 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 322 m/s - range 6,993 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 382 m/s - range 8,670 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 472 m/s - range 10,962 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 576 m/s - range 13,648 m. When fired from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon on M109 self-propelled howitzers the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 1 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 211.4 m/s - range 2,949 m Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.1 m/s - range 3,923 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 282.5 m/s - range 5,587 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 324.7 m/s - range 7,236 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 385.6 m/s - range 8,816 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 275 m/s - range 5,293 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 320.7 m/s - range 7,057 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 380 m/s - range 8,635 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 473.6 m/s - range 10,993 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 576.5 m/s - range 13,586 m. When fired from the 155 mm M185 Cannon used on the M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers the 155 mm Illumination M485A2 can attain the following ballistic performances: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 240.3 m/s - range 3,933 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 281 m/s - range 5,569 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 323.3 m/s - range 7,155 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 381.7 m/s - range 8,721 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 309.8 m/s - range 6,746 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 353.2 m/s - range 7,949 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 408.4 m/s - range 9,317 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 488.9 m/s - range 11,304 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 576.5 m/s - range 13,586 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 696.7 m/s - range 17,086 m. When fired from the 155 mm M119 Cannon on the M198 towed howitzer the following ballistic performance can be attained: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - MV 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are currently in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. Authorised fuzes MT M577 M565 series MTSQ M577 ET M724 Equivalent projectiles CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC Industrial Technologies Inc (SNC TEC) Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications. No longer in production but still likely to be encountered GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm Illuminating IM470A1 Description: Similar to 155 mm Illumination M485A2. Illuminating unit weighs 2.5 kg KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Hanwha Corporation Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm NR 109 Description: This is basically identical to the 155 mm Illuminating M483A1 but with a flare body producing 2.18 Mcd burning for 69 seconds, with a rapid rise in intensity immediately after ignition. Weight given as 46.5 kg. This projectile is also produced by the Thiokol Corporation in the USA SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard US specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer General Dynamics, Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer Thiokol Corporation Type: 155 mm Illuminating M485A2 Description: Standard specifications. 155 mm NR 109 also produced (see under Netherlands)Read More
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
70 mm HYDRA 70 rockets
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
70 mm HYDRA 70 rockets
Armament Rapid Deployment Multiple Rocket Weapon System (RD-MRWS); MAKSAM RA 7040 40-tube launcher. Development The 70 mm HYDRA 70 rocket was developed from the standard 2.75 in Mk 4-Mod 10 by the US Army and BEI Defense Systems of Fort Worth, Texas, (later Lockheed Martin Ordnance Systems and now General Dynamics Armament Systems ), to enable aviation air-to-ground rockets to be fired accurately from helicopter platforms or ground mountings using an enhanced efficiency fire-control system. The ground mountings are formed by mounting up to six multiple lightweight rocket pods (seven-tube M260 or the more usual 19-tube M261), on otherwise obsolete towed M91 115 mm chemical rocket launchers or modified towed 105 mm artillery carriages. HYDRA 70 rockets can also be fired from helicopters. The programme included the development of a new higher impulse rocket motor and several forms of warhead enabling the HYDRA 70 to carry out various types of fire support function for rapid deployment or special forces when conventional artillery support would be limited or non-existent. In April 1993, the US Army had 189,000 M151 HE HYDRA 70 rockets and 41,000 with M261 multipurpose warheads. At that time a single M151 HE HYDRA 70 rocket was quoted as costing US$365, while a multipurpose rocket was US$1,424. Since 1965, BEI Defense Systems and (later) General Dynamics Armament Systems have produced well over 40 million rocket motors, warheads, ordnance components and electronic systems for HYDRA 70 air-to-air and air-to-ground applications; production has been carried out at facilities in Camden, Arkansas, and Fort Worth, Texas. Production continues to meet a series of continuation orders for the US Army, Air Force, Navy and some overseas military users. Total contract value stood at US$391.7 million in early 2001, with the maximum potential contract value being US$1.2 billion over a five-year period . Description The 70 mm HYDRA 70 fin-stabilised rocket is powered by an electrically ignited Mk 66 rocket motor originally developed by the US Navy, to enhance accuracy and range compared to earlier models such as the Mk 40; the rocket motor also produces a more subdued exhaust signature than earlier models. The aluminium-bodied rocket has three wraparound fins, a fluted exhaust nozzle and an AA2 (MK90) double-base propellant which achieves 635 kg of thrust in 38 ms; motor burn time is 1.07 seconds. The fluted nozzle spins the rocket up to 600 rpm in the launcher and 2,100 rpm after launch. Weight of the rocket motor alone is 6.16 kg complete and it is 1.062 m long. The Mk 66 MOD 3 rocket motor is the standard US Army motor. The Mk 66 MOD 2 motor is used by the US Navy, US Air Force and US Army Special Operations Forces and contains an electronic device intended to prevent radio frequencies from igniting the rocket motor. The Canadian CVR-7 C16 rocket motor has a fluted exhaust nozzle which is compatible with the HYDRA 70 system. The C17 rocket motor, a joint Bristol Aerospace/Talley Defense Systems development, has a new propellant grain geometry, a non-asbestos insulation material and modified fins. Developed from 1987 onwards, it is intended primarily for helicopter use (see under Canada below). Numerous types of warhead can be attached to the HYDRA 70 rocket motor. The most numerous is the M151 HE. M151 The M151 HE weighs 4.67 kg and contains 1.04 kg of Composition B-4 explosive in a prefragmented cast-iron 411 mm long warhead . It is fitted with the nose-mounted M433 remotely set multifunction (impact/delay) fuze, which can provide for variable depth penetration of forest canopy, buildings or bunkers - it also has a super-quick graze function. The M433 impact/delay fuze weighs 816.5 g. An alternative is the essentially similar remotely set M432 airburst fuze. There is also a M429 proximity fuze. Neither of these latter fuzes are in production in the USA. Helicopter-launched M151 HE rockets utilise the M423/M427 point detonating fuzes, the former intended for helicopters and the latter for aircraft - they differ only in the arming time. The M151 HE rocket has a maximum range of 10,400 m and a velocity of 1,517 m/s. Weight at launch is 10 kg. From 2,000 m to maximum range, accuracy is such, that the average circular error of probability is 80 m. For practice there is the M274 containing a smoke spotting charge or the completely inert WTU-1/B, the latter normally used for the ballistic testing of rocket motors. The latter are both 411 mm long and both weigh 4.2 kg . M229 Although mentioned in some references the M229 FRAG-HE warhead, intended to provide an anti-personnel and anti-materiel capability, does not appear to have been manufactured in any quantity for the HYDRA 70 system, although it continues to be marketed. The M229 warhead weighs 7.62 kg and is 677 mm long; explosive content is 2.18 kg of Composition B-4 in a prefragmented cast-iron warhead casing. M261 First fielded in 1990, the M261 warhead carries a payload of nine M73 multipurpose submunition grenades intended for use against personnel, materiel, armour and helicopters . It has been described as a MPSM HE (MultiPurpose Sub-Munition High Explosive) . The M261 warhead has a high-impact plastic nose and an aluminium alloy body with an internal base-mounted M439 remotely set fuze (weight 108.9 g). Alternatives are the M442 or M446 motor burnout fuzes that allow the M261 warhead to be used with MK4-Mod 40 rocket motors. As the base fuze functions, the nine M73 submunitions are ejected over the target area. On ejection a ram-air decelerator (a small drogue parachute) is deployed to arm the submunition's impact fuze while decelerating and stabilising the body in descent. As the fuze functions on impact the submunition's shaped 100 g Composition B charge (plus a 13 g LX-14 booster) disrupts the steel body, which is prescored internally, to create its anti-personnel effects. A single M261 warhead can distribute its submunitions over an area roughly the size of a football field. The M261 multipurpose rocket has a maximum range of 8,080 m and a velocity of 1,500 m/s. Warhead weight is 6.12 kg and it is 683 mm long. An M267 Practice warhead containing smoke-filled submunitions can be used for training. M255A1 Another payload-carrying warhead is the M255A1 anti-personnel, carrying approximately 1,200 60 grain flechettes and three tracers, again utilising the remote set M439 base fuze for timing the release point against massed infantry targets. Warhead weight is 5.7 kg and length 683 mm . It was first fielded in 1993. M247 The M247, described as a multipurpose warhead, has a unitary shaped Composition B charge weighing approximately 1 kg for employment against armour. It has an M438 base-mounted impact fuze activated by a piezoelectric element in the warhead nose. It is no longer produced. M264 The M264 Smoke warhead can generate screening smoke for up to 5 minutes and is activated by a remote set M439 fuze. The normal smoke composition involved with the earlier M259 rocket was White Phosphorus (WP) - the M264 uses a Red Phosphorus (RP) based filling of 72 presaturated pellets. Warhead weight is 4.2 kg and length 683 mm . An M156 smoke warhead has also been produced. From eight to 10 rockets are required to form a complete screen. M262 The M262 Illuminating warhead is also activated by a remote set M439 fuze and can produce 1 million candlepower illumination for approximately 2 minutes. The intention for this warhead/rocket motor combination is that they can be fired individually under the automatic control of a digital remote timer unit. One launcher fully loaded with six 19-tube M261 launch pods, can produce constant illumination of a selected area for up to 2 hours 30 minutes. The M262 is no longer produced. M257 The M257 Illuminating warhead has replaced the earlier M262 . It is 739 mm long and weighs 4.9 kg. M278 The M278 is generally similar to the M257 in operation but emits infra-red light to illuminate targets to be viewed by night vision equipment. It is 729 mm long and weighs 6.5 kg . M245 References have been found to an M245 Chemical warhead but it is assumed that any of these remaining have been withdrawn from service and are scheduled for destruction. LCPK LCPK refers to Low Cost Precision Kill and is the subject of an advanced technology demonstrator contract for a semi-active, laser-guided version of a 2.75 in rocket. The contract was awarded to Marconi Aerospace Defense Systems of Austin, Texas, and Raytheon Systems of Tucson, Arizona. The project is funded by the US Army and the US Marine Corps. It is understood that the programme is intended to improve helicopter-launched rockets and will be issued as a retrofit kit to be added to existing rockets. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rockets CANADA CANADA Manufacturer Bristol Aerospace Limited Type: Various - see below Description: Developed for use with the Canadian Rocket Vehicle (CVR-7) Advanced Rocket System developed by the Canadian Department of National Defense and manufactured by British Aerospace . The 2.75 in CVR-7 was developed along the same lines as the HYDRA 70, but the C15 (RLU-5002/B) rocket motor has a case-bonded, high-energy, solid-propellant fuel using an Hydroxy-Terminated-Poly-Butadiene (HTPB) binder with an 88 per cent solids content of ammonium perchlorate and ferric oxide. The motor delivers 970 kg of thrust for 1.8 seconds and has a maximum range of 14,000 m. Available warheads include: the 4.3 kg M151 HE as used with the HYDRA 70; the M229 FRAG-HE; the M249 HEDP; the M156 Incendiary/WP; the M257 Illuminating; and a long-range Mk 1 HE warhead weighing 2.7 kg. Although these rockets and warheads are in production for air-to-ground applications they have yet to be procured for the ground-to-ground role. The CVR-7 C16 rocket motor has a fluted exhaust nozzle which is compatible with HYDRA 70 motors. Manufacturer Bristol Aerospace Limited Type: C17 Description: The C17 is the latest in the CRV7 rocket series optimised for use from helicopters, such as the AH-64D Apache, and has been selected by the UK MoD. Compared to earlier models, propellant weight is increased to 3.81 kg while total rocket weight is reduced to 5.8 kg. Burn time is 0.9 second. Speed performance is stated to be 36 per cent faster than earlier models, with 40 per cent less ballistic dispersion. Standard HYDRA 70 warheads can be installed. Talley Defense Systems is the CVR7 series licensee for the USA. KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Hanwha Corporation Type: 2.75 in M151 Description: Mainly for helicopter applications. K99 high-performance rocket motor also produced. NORWAY Manufacturer Raufoss Technology A/S Type: 2.75 in RA79 HEISAP Description: Primarily produced for helicopters and aircraft, the RA79 is a multipurpose rocket warhead compatible with all 2.75 in rockets. It is designed to detonate only after penetrating a target exterior, combining blast and incendiary effects. The warhead weighs 5.91 kg and contains Composition A3 and zirconium. The RA82 is a Practice warhead. The RA79 is in service with Denmark, Norway and the UK. TURKEY Manufacturer Elroksan, MKEK Type: 2.75 in Rocket System Description: Primarily produced for helicopters but also launched from MAKSAM RA 7040 40-tube ground-to-ground rocket launcher with a range of 7,400 m. Involves full range of HYDRA 70 warheads.Read More
Ammunition for 84 mm Carl Gustaf recoilless guns
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
Ammunition for 84 mm Carl Gustaf recoilless guns
Armament All 84 mm Carl Gustaf M2/M3 recoilless guns. Development The Carl Gustaf 84 mm recoilless guns were developed following experimental work carried out in Sweden during the early and mid-1940s. Following the development of a 20 mm model, the first prototypes of the 84 mm Carl Gustaf appeared in 1946 and the first service model was ready in 1948. Since then the 84 mm Carl Gustaf has been produced in a series of basically similar models, all relying on the controlled venting of propelling gases through a rear-mounted venturi to eliminate recoil forces. The original versions were produced by the Swedish state-owned Gevärsfaktoriet, but production eventually switched to FFV Ordnance which also produced the ammunition. FFV Ordnance is now Bofors Carl Gustaf, part of Bofors AB. The 84 mm Carl Gustaf guns are in service with armed forces all over the world, including the USA, and production continues. The guns were originally developed as anti-tank weapons but ammunition development converted them into a portable multipurpose weapon capable of fulfilling many infantry fire-support functions efficiently. Description All 84 mm Carl Gustaf ammunition is fixed with the projectiles rigidly secured to their light alloy cartridge cases. The cases have a countersunk, side-located percussion cap used with an igniter composition (black powder NOA 91) to ignite the double-base propellant which is in strip form. The round is breech-loaded; a notch on the rim of the case ensures the round can only be loaded in such a way that the percussion cap ends up opposite the firing pin. The case is closed at the rear by a plastic baseplate. Rounds are normally issued and carried in two-round plastic-based containers. Ammunition development is still continuing for the 84 mm Carl Gustaf; only the current production versions are mentioned here. The following types of round are available: 84 mm HE 441B The projectile used with the 84 mm HE round has an unusual shape. The rounded nose is actually a 447 combined MT and impact fuze with the thin-walled shell body having a pronounced boat tail base with a rounded end. The steel body encloses two neoprene rubber inserts, each containing approximately 800 steel spheres that considerably add to the fragmentation effects produced when the 400 g RDX/TNT filling is detonated. The shell body is designed so the danger area for rearward travelling fragments is relatively small, allowing the round to be used at combat ranges as close as 40 m. The maximum practical range is 1,000 m although the fuze can be set for ranges between 40 and 1,250 m. The mechanical range/time fuze is set before firing by turning the entire front portion of the round from a `Safe' position to any range required in stepless 10 m divisions from 40 to 1,250 m. The 447 fuze uses a modified Thiel clockwork mechanism with transport, handling and bore safeties, requiring both setback and spin to arm. The fuze will function on impact down to impact angles of approximately 5º. The arming distance from the muzzle is over 20 m but less than 70 m. The 447 fuze is also produced by Micron Instruments of Chandigarh, India ; a fuze alternative is the Junghans Feinwerktechnik MTSQ No 504. The muzzle velocity of the 84 mm HE 441B round is 240 m/s and time of flight to 700 m is 3.4 seconds. 84 mm HEAT 551 The 551 HEAT round is one of the latest of a line of 84 mm HEAT rounds. It differs in that it employs a rocket motor that cuts in after firing to provide a flat trajectory and reduced time of flight, both of which increase the hit probability. Early versions of 84 mm HEAT rounds lacked the rocket motor and can be readily recognised by the long standoff nose spike. On the 551 this standoff spike is protected by a plastic ballistic cap. The 84 mm 551 HEAT projectile has a light-alloy body enclosing a 500 g Octol bursting charge behind a cone-shaped copper liner. The front edge of the standoff spike under the ballistic cap contains a steel `biting edge', ensuring the projectile does not slip away from an impact point. The standoff spike acts as a shock generator, transmitting the force of an impact to a piezoelectric generator connected by internal wires to a detonator. This ignites a tetryl booster to light the main shaped charge. Behind the shaped charge is a rocket motor in a light-alloy casing. The rocket motor consists of 300 g of smokeless double-base propellant venting through a closure at the rear. The light-alloy closure has a nozzle and contains a delay unit and an ignition charge. The delay unit is ignited by the propellant gases and delays rocket motor ignition by 45 ms until the projectile has travelled approximately 15 m from the gun muzzle. The motor then burns for 1.5 seconds, developing a thrust of 325 N. A teflon slipping ring is located between the rear closure and the stabilising unit. The latter is fitted around the rocket motor and consists of six folding aluminium fins and a plunger with two throttling orifices. Due to the rocket motor the 84 mm 551 HEAT has a muzzle velocity of 255 m/s, but after a range of 500 m the velocity is 330 m/s. Maximum effective range is 700 m and the time of flight to that range is 2.2 seconds. Standard dispersion at 700 m is 700 × 700 mm. The shaped charge warhead can penetrate approximately 400 mm of hard armour. A typical example of an earlier (non-rocket-assisted) 84 mm HEAT round weighs 2.585 kg, 1.7 kg of which is the projectile. Muzzle velocity is 311 m/s. 84 mm HEAT 751 The 84 mm HEAT 751 round features a rocket-assisted tandem warhead projectile, intended to defeat Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) and penetrate over 500 mm of conventional armour. The round has a long conical nose to support the standoff fuze and uses a tandem warhead. The first charge (known as a precharge and weighing 300 g) destroys the reactive armour to enable the second shaped charge, weighing 1.5 kg, to penetrate up to 500 mm of rolled homogeneous armour. The effective range is given as up to 500 m. The complete round weighs 3.8 kg and the projectile 2.9 kg; propellant weight is 400 g. Muzzle velocity is 210 m/s while maximum velocity after rocket ignition is 340 m/s. The maximum height of the projectile trajectory for a range of 700 m is approximately 7 m. This round is in production. 84 mm HEDP 502 This round is intended to be a dual-purpose round for use against lightly armoured vehicles or solid structures and troops in the open, or with a delayed action against field fortifications and similar targets likely to be engaged when Fighting In Built-Up Areas (FIBUA). The round has a dual-mode fuze function with the Instant or Delayed mode selected at the instant of loading by the orientation of the cartridge case with the firing mechanism. Markings on the base (I and D) signify the correct alignment. The shell body is manufactured from high-fragmentation steel, and is surmounted by an aluminium nose cap covering the shaped charge liner which is of a `special material' ensuring behind-armour effects. The explosive charge is 580 g of HMX/TNT with a pressed tetryl and RDX booster. An aluminium alloy fin assembly with six fins is located behind the shell body. The fins are folded forward inside the cartridge case and are unfolded once the projectile leaves the gun muzzle by using residual propellant gas pressure retained by a plunger arrangement. The integral fuze system is a combination piezoelectric impact or pyrotechnic delay arrangement, with the mode selected by the orientation of the cartridge case. The alignment of the case alters the alignment of a fuze mode selector device which either short-circuits the piezoelectric system to obtain a 0.1 second delay after impact function, or else cancels the short-circuiting feature to ensure instantaneous functioning on impact. Arming distance is between 15 and 40 m from the gun muzzle. The 84 mm 502 HEDP can penetrate approximately 150 mm of armour. Muzzle velocity is 230 m/s and the maximum effective range against moving hard targets is 300 m. Against field fortifications or similar targets the maximum effective range is 500 m but this range increases to 1,000 m against troops in the open. The Bofors Light Multipurpose Assault Weapon (LMAW), currently under development, is a one-shot shoulder-fired weapon containing a modified 84 mm FFV 502 HEDP projectile. 84 mm Smoke 469B Intended to create rapid battlefield screening or marker smoke, the 84 mm 469B smoke round uses a light-alloy projectile. It is filled with 800 g of a smoke composition consisting of titanium tetrachloride adsorbed by pulverous synthetic hydrous calcium silicate; the composition is non-toxic. At the front of the body shell is a light-alloy adaptor into which the 957 direct action and graze fuze is threaded. The shell is encircled by a single copper driving band and is enclosed by a light-alloy baseplate. The internal walls of the shell are provided with longitudinal vanes to increase structural strength. On impact the fuze will function to ignite a centrally located burster charge. The smoke composition creates smoke the instant the shell body is ruptured to produce a non-toxic smoke screen 10 to 15 m wide. Maximum effective range of the 84 mm Smoke 469B is 1,300 m and muzzle velocity 240 m/s. 84 mm Illuminating 545 This round is intended to provide rapid battlefield illumination of target areas in support of direct fire weapons and guided missiles. The projectile has a light-alloy body and base and is encircled by a single copper drive band. A pyrotechnic time fuze, covered by a rubber hood with a ring-pull removal tab during transport, is mounted on the projectile body and fitted with a graduated setting ring adjusted by a fuze setting key or the fuze safety pin. Inside the projectile body is a canister filled with 500 g of an illuminating composition and a folded nylon parachute canopy, shroud lines and riser. Before firing the fuze is set using the graduated setting ring, with graduations in 50 m divisions from 200 to 2,300 m, after the hood has been removed along with the fuze safety pin. There are also three preselected click settings for short (600 m), medium (1,100 m) and long range (1,700 m). An alternative fuze, the DM 42 produced by Junghans Feinwerktechnik, has five settings for 500, 800, 1,100, 1,400 and 1,700 m. The 84 mm Illuminating projectile is fired with the gun muzzle, elevated 20 to 25º to ensure the projectile and fuze function at a height at least 200 m above the ground. When the fuze functions it ignites a small expulsion charge which creates an internal overpressure to shear six fixing screws holding the baseplate in position. The illuminating canister is ejected to be suspended beneath the parachute. The expulsion charge also ignites the illuminating composition to produce a sodium light with a candle power of approximately 650,000 candela and an average burning time of 30 seconds. Rate of descent is approximately 5 m/s. The initial illuminated area can have a diameter of approximately 400 to 500 m. Muzzle velocity of the 84 mm Illuminating 545 is 260 m/s and maximum range of burst is 2,100 m. 84 mm TP-T 141 and TP-T 552 Both these rounds are used during training, although the TP-T 141 is no longer in production. Its replacement, the TP-T 551, is generally similar to the earlier round, containing no fuze, booster or bursting charge. The propellant charge and rocket motor provide the same ballistic performance as the HEAT 551. For short-range marksmanship training with 84 mm Carl Gustaf M2/M3 recoilless guns on indoor and outdoor ranges, Bofors produces a series of subcalibre adaptors that are loaded into the weapon concerned in the same manner as a conventional round. The first of these devices was the 6.5 mm SubCalibre Adaptor 217 (British Army designation L10A1 ) and others have since been produced to fire 0.22 training ammunition. The device for the Carl Gustaf M2 resembles a standard 84 mm HEAT round, with a barrel located along the centreline. The device for the Carl Gustaf M3 is essentially the same but resembles the outline of the 84 mm HEAT 551 round. This device is the SubCalibre Adaptor 553B which fires 7.62 mm tracer rounds. With this device a back blast charge may be added to simulate the back blast of the operational round. With the Adaptor 217, a 6.5 mm tracer round with ballistic characteristics similar to those of 84 mm HEAT projectiles (up to ranges of approximately 350 m), is fitted into a firing mechanism which is then screwed into the base of the training adaptor before loading. Firing is via the weapon's normal firing mechanism. Special low-power `gallery' rounds for use on indoor miniature ranges have been produced for use with this adaptor. Authorised fuzes Various - see text Equivalent rounds CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: HEAT 551 (C49), TP-T 552 (C46) Description: Standard specifications INDIA Manufacturer Indian Ordnance Factory Khamaria Jabalpur Type: HE, HEAT, Illuminating, TP-T Description: HEAT round is of early non-rocket-assisted type with weight (complete) 2.6 kg and projectile 1.8 kg. Muzzle velocity is 305 m/s. Maximum effective range against stationary targets is 550 m and against moving targets 450 m. The 447 fuze for the HE round is produced by Micron Instruments of Chandigarh SWEDEN Manufacturer Bofors Carl Gustaf Type: See text Description: See textRead More
35 × 228 mm Oerlikon ammunition
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
35 × 228 mm Oerlikon ammunition
Armament All Oerlikon Contraves 35 mm KD series cannon including: GDF-001, GDF-002 and GDF-005 automatic anti-aircraft guns (Switzerland); Gepard (Germany) and CA 1 (Netherlands) twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft guns; Type 87 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( Japan ); Loara twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun; ZA-35 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( South Africa ); Denel 35DPG naval gun ( South Africa ); LIW EMAK ( South Africa ); Marconi Marksman twin 35 mm anti-aircraft turret (UK); OE/OTO 35 mm naval mounting (Italy); Boeing Company Bushmaster III (USA); GMD-A twin 35 mm naval mounting (Switzerland); 35/1000 revolver cannon; Millenium 35/1000 naval gun system (UK); SkyShield 35 ; Skoda 35 mm SPAAG ( Czech Republic ). 35 × 228 mm TP rounds are fired from the Turkish MKEK 35 mm barrel insert system. NORINCO of China manufactures the Twin 35 mm Towed AA Gun System, a licence-produced version of the Oerlikon Contraves GDF-002 . Development Development of the Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG 35 × 228 mm ammunition for air defence guns commenced during the late 1950s. The 35 mm KD gun and its ammunition became one of the most successful of all post-war air defence gun systems. Originally there were four types of round in the family but subsequent development has expanded the range of available natures considerably, the latest being the Frangible Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (FAPDS) and a 35 × 228 mm APFSDS-T. Alliant Techsystems (ATK) is the exclusive US licensee for 35 × 228 mm Oerlikon ammunition, the technology transfer being successfully completed during 1982. The Boeing Company 35/50 mm Bushmaster III cannon is one of the weapons under consideration for the Bradley IFV mid-life improvement programme. Current development work is concentrating on the 35 mm version of this ammunition. For information regarding the next-generation series of 35 × 228 mm Oerlikon air defence ammunition, codenamed Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction (AHEAD), see following entry. Oerlikon Contraves, including Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, is now a member of Rheinmetall DeTec AG . Description All Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG 35 × 228 mm ammunition involves fixed rounds with the projectiles rigidly secured to their low-carbon, drawn steel cartridge cases by eight crimping points. These engage in a cannelure around the body of the boat-tailed projectile. Soft iron drive bands are used. The ballistics and trajectories of all the TP, HE-I and SAPHEI rounds are identical. Those for the FAPDS, APDS-T and APFSDS-T armour-piercing rounds differ. In all cases the propellant involved is from 330 to 333 g of NC 01 T 35 single-based powder. Maximum average chamber pressure is 3,800 bar and muzzle rotation speed is 1,200 rps. A ZSD 304 percussion primer with a boxer primer cap is threaded into the cartridge case base. Some cartridge cases have grooves to facilitate the use of belt links. The projectiles involved, all secured to the same 228 mm long cartridge case with a 55 mm diameter base, are as follows: HE-I(NF ) Oerlikon designation PMD 042. This projectile has been described in Oerlikon Contraves literature as a mine and uses a cold-forged steel streamlined body filled with 112 g of Hexal P30 (with aluminium additives). The nose-located fuze well is occupied by a KZD 338 self-destruct delayed action point detonating fuze (the Junghans Feinwerktechnik PD DM 331 is an alternative), with an arming distance of 60 m and a delayed action time of 150 to 250 µs. The fuze will self-destruct the projectile after a range of 4,000 m or after a trajectory time of flight of 6 to 12 seconds. To ensure effective hits against aircraft or other targets, the fuze will function at angles of incidence down to 5º. The HE-I projectile can produce a large number of fragments and intensive blast effects. Maximum possible range is 11,000 m. HE-I-T(NF) Oerlikon designation PMD 040. This projectile is similar to the HE-I but includes a tracer element screwed into the base. This reduces the explosive filling to 98 g of Hexal P30. The tracer will burn for a minimum of 5 seconds, corresponding to a range of over 3,100 m. HE-I(BF) Oerlikon designation PMD 048. The projectile of this round uses a hardened steel body with an enlarged wall thickness and is filled with 65 g of Hexal P15 combined with 20 g of incendiary composition. The base-located BZD 357 mechanical impact fuze has an arming distance of 60 m and a delayed action time of approximately 500 µs. The fuze will self-destruct the projectile after a range of 4,000 m or after a trajectory time of 6 to 12 seconds. A powerful blast effect is combined with optimised fragmentation and an `extremely high' armour penetration. TP-T Oerlikon designation PMD 034. This is a relatively low-cost training and target practice projectile with an inert filling. The fuze is replaced by an aluminium plug. A tracer element is fitted in the base to burn for up to 4 seconds, corresponding to a range of over 4,000 m. The maximum possible range is 11,000 m. TP This is the same as the TP-T but lacks the tracer element. A threaded base plug takes the place of the tracer. SRTP-T This round uses the same practice projectile as the TP-T combined with a special nose piece to reduce the maximum possible range to below 9,000 m SAPHEI-T Oerlikon designation PMD 044. This round was developed to provide an armour-piercing capability against land or naval targets. It has a relatively thick-walled hardened steel HE projectile, with an armour-piercing nose intended to penetrate target armour at virtually any angle of incidence. An aluminium alloy nose cap acts as a ballistic windshield. The 22 g filling of Hexal P30 is detonated by a BZD 342 self-destruct delayed action impact base fuze. The fuze will self-destruct the projectile after a range of 4,000 m or after a trajectory time of flight of 6 to 12 seconds. At a range of 1,000 m this projectile can penetrate 40 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 0º NATO (90º) and then detonate to produce a large number of fragments and blast. APDS-T Oerlikon designation PMD 049. Intended primarily for use against armoured land and/or naval targets, this round uses a heavy metal subcalibre penetrator weighing 302 g carried in a discarding plastic sabot with a high-grade aluminium alloy base. The projectile has a muzzle velocity of 1,440 m/s. A tracer element burning for a minimum of 1.6 seconds (corresponding to a range of 2,000 m) is located in the penetrator base. The penetrator can pierce 90 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 0º NATO (90º) at 1,000 m. FAPDS Oerlikon designation PMD 055. The projectile for this round follows the same general lines as the APDS-T but is arranged so that the penetrator is designed to produce a large number of fragments once the outer armour layer of the target has been penetrated. It has been demonstrated that in air defence terms this provides the projectile with destructive effects similar to those of the HE-I projectile but deeper inside a target. APFSDS-T Oerlikon designation PMD 060. The fin-stabilised penetrator used with this round has a muzzle velocity of 1,417 m/s. The complete round weighs 1.455 kg and the projectile assembly 388 g. It is foreseen that this round will replace the APDS-T round, reaching a growth potential of approximately 25 per cent on penetration. AHEAD See following entry. Rh 503 ammunition See separate entry under Tank and Anti-tank Guns section. Authorised fuzes See text Equivalent rounds CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: HE-I C123, TP-T C122 Description: Standard specifications. AHEAD and Break-up ammunition also manufactured (see separate entries). CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: HE-I, HE-I-T, TP-T Description: Intended primarily for the NORINCO Twin 35 mm Towed AA Gun System, a locally produced version of the Oerlikon Contraves GDF-002 , these rounds are dimensionally and ballistically identical to their Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG equivalents. The delayed action PD nose fuze for the HE-I and HE-I-T is given as the KZD338. The production status of these rounds is uncertain. FINLAND Manufacturer Patria Vammas Oy Type: HEI, HEI-T, TP, TP-T. SRTP-T Description: Standard specifications. Produced by Vammas Defencetec Ltd FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: HE-I/SD, HE-I-T/SD, SAPHEI-T, TP, TP-T, TP-T/SR Description: Projectiles containing explosive fuzed with PD MR3501 (HE-I) or BD MR3505 (SAPHEI). TP-T/SR is a Short Range Target Practice tracer round. Otherwise standard specifications GERMANY Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: DM 31 MP Description: Fitted with DM 821 base fuze. Muzzle velocity is 1,180 m/s Manufacturer Diehl-Wehrtechnik Type: Ammunition for TPGID Description: See separate entry Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec AG Type: HETF and APFSDS-T Description: For use with Rheinmetall MK 35/50 Rh 503. For details see separate entry Manufacturer Rheinmetall DeTec AG Type: FAPDS DM 33 Description: For details see separate entry Manufacturer Mauser-Werke Type: FAPDS Description: See separate entry GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: HE-I, HE-I-T, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: HE Description: Standard specifications. TP may also be produced KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: HE-I, TP-T Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: HEI-SD K202 KA1, TP-T K203 Description: Some slight differences from original to suit local production facilities. For instance a steel K2 case is used together with a K603 primer. The nose fuze is a PD K504KA1 (M504A1). Otherwise standard specifications NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: HE-I-T, APHE, TP-T Description: Standard specifications. Now part of Rheinmetall DeTec but Eurometaal stocks still widely held. PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: HE-I, HE-I-T, SAPHEI-T, TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP Type: HE-I, TP-T Description: Standard specifications. Marketed by Denel. See also separate entry for details of PMP 35 × 228 mm new generation ammunition SPAIN Manufacturer DEFEX SA Type: HE-T, TP-T Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: HE-I, SAPHEI-T, TP-T Description: Standard specifications SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: See text Description: See text Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: 35 mm Break-Up Description: See separate entry TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kumuru ( MKEK ) Type: HE-I, TP-T Description: Standard specifications. TP-T also used with the MKEK 35 mm barrel insert system for tank gunnery training. UNITED KINGDOM Manufacturer BAE Systems , RO Defence Type: Clip fed; HE-I, HE-I-T, SAPHEI, APDS, TP-T; belt fed; TP Description: Standard specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Alliant Techsystems (ATK) Type: APFSDS-T, HEI, TP, TPDS-T Description: Developed for possible use in the 35/50 mm Bushmaster III gun for the Bradley IFV mid-life improvement programme. The APFSDS-T has an MV of 1,400 m/s with a projectile weight of 365 g. The HEI has an MV of 1,175 m/s with a 550 g projectile containing 112 g of explosive; the nose fuze could be the PD M760 . The TP matches the HEI ballistically but is inert. The final form of the TPDS-T is under considerationRead More
POONGSAN CORPORATION
POONGSAN CORPORATION
0.303 British
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
0.303 British
Synonyms 7.7 × 56R; 0.303 Lee-Enfield; 7.7 Arisaka; 7 mm Type 89 Armament All British service Lee-Enfield rifles, Vickers, Maxim, and Bren machine guns, modified Browning M1919 and M2 machine guns. Development One of the earliest small calibre rifle rounds, this appeared in 1889 and remained the standard British service round until replaced by the 7.62 × 51 mm NATO cartridge in the 1960s. A powerful round, its sole defect was its rim, which complicated the design of automatic weapons and demanded care in loading magazines. Innumerable variations in cartridge and bullet design took place during its life, but the final standard ball rounds were the Mks 7, 7Z, 8 and 8Z. The 0.303 British cartridge was adopted by the Japanese Navy in 1929 as the Type 89 to replace the 6.5 × 50SR mm round then in use, but they subsequently considered that the rimmed design might cause feeding problems and so changed to the 7.7 × 58SR mm design. They later changed again, this time to the 7.7 × 58 mm rimless cartridge, thus creating a logistics nightmare of no less than three different 7.7 mm cartridges. Description A rimmed, bottlenecked brass case with Berdan or Boxer primer. The 0.303 bullet was a compound design using a core of part lead and part aluminium in order to obtain the correct centre of mass, in a copper, gilding metal or GMCS jacket. The round was most usually loaded with Cordite propellant, but nitro-cellulose propellants gradually appeared; these all have the Mark number followed by the letter Z. The propellant makes no difference to the shooting, but is indicated for storage and accounting purposes. CANADA Manufacturer SNC Industrial Technologies Inc Type: Ball CDN Mk 8: FMJ; 11.4 g; MV 730 m/s EGYPT Manufacturer Aboukir Engineering Industries Type: Ball: FMJ, non-streamlined; MV 720 m/s GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: Ball: FMJ; 11.3 g; MV 732 m/s INDIA Manufacturer Ammunition Factory, Khadki, Pune Type: Ball: FMJ; Cartridge, 0.303 Ballistite Mark 1Z: bulletless cartridge used to discharge 36M rifle grenade to a range of 185 m; a 7.62 mm version is also made. Loaded with double base propellant. Blank: crimped mouth; contains double base propellant PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: Ball Mk 7: FMJ; 11.2 g; MV 732 (±12) m/s PORTUGAL Manufacturer INDEP Type: Ball M378: FMJ; lead/aluminium core; 11.3 g; MV 780 m/s; Berdan primed Ball: FMJ; lead/aluminium core; 11.3 g; MV 780 m/s; Boxer primed SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer PMP , A Division of Denel (Pty) Ltd Type: Bullet type Soft Point; weight 9.7 g; V 5 800 m/s Type: Bullet type FMJBT; weight 11.3 g; V 5 747 m/s Type: Bullet type Soft Point; weight 11.3 g; V 5 747 m/s SWEDEN Manufacturer Norma AB Type: Ball 17712: JSP; 9.7 g; MV 829 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Eldorado Cartridge Corp (PMC Ammunition) Type: Ball: FMJ; 11.2 g; MV 739 m/s Ball Match: HPBT; 11.2 g; MV 739 m/s Manufacturer Remington Arms Company Inc Type: Ball: SP; 11.7 g; MV 750 m/s Manufacturer Winchester-Olin Type: Ball: JSP; 11.6 g; MV 750 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball Mk 7Z: FMJ; 11.27 g; MV 732 m/s Ball Mk 8Z: FMJ, SL; 12.4 g; MV 732 m/s Ball: FMJ; 11.3 g; MV 749 m/s Ball: FMJ; 12.4 g; MV 748 m/s Ball: JSP; 11.7 g; MV 748 m/sRead More
Ammunition for Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) 57 mm anti-aircraft guns
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
Ammunition for Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) 57 mm anti-aircraft guns
Armament 57 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60 ; 57 mm automatic anti-aircraft gun SZ-60; NORINCO Type 59 anti-aircraft gun. NORINCO 57 mm Type 59 naval mounting; Type 66 twin-barrel naval mounting; Type 76 twin-barrel naval mounting. S-68 gun on ZSU-57-2 twin 57 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system; NORINCO Type 80 twin 57 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system. Development The 57 mm anti-aircraft gun S-60 first appeared in 1960 and has remained in widespread service ever since, usually with the later benefit of added radar-based fire-control systems. The most commonly used ammunition for these guns is usually of the FRAG-T type although armour-piercing ammunition has been developed. The 57 mm S-60 and its ammunition have been produced in China , where the gun is known as the Type 59; naval variants have been developed by NORINCO. The S-60 has also been manufactured (with some slight variations) in Hungary , where it is known as the 57 mm SZ-60, and it is assumed that ammunition has also been produced there. However, no information is available. S-60 ammunition was at one time produced in the former Czechoslovakia. It appears that 57 mm air defence ammunition is no longer in production within Russia . Description The 57 × 348 mm ammunition for the S-60 anti-aircraft gun series is fixed, with the projectile rigidly crimped to the cartridge case by two crimping bands engaging into two prominent cannelures on the projectile. The slightly tapered forged steel projectiles use a wide pressed copper or cupro-nickel driving band (over 26 mm wide) with a complex indented outline. The cartridge cases are lacquered steel or drawn 70:30 brass and use a KV-U or KV-5U (KB-5Y) base-mounted percussion primer to ignite their 11/7SW or 14/7 nitrocellulose powder propellant contents weighing 1.18 to 2 kg (nominal). Rounds are fed into the gun in clips, each holding four rounds. All projectiles have a muzzle velocity of around 1,000 m/s. The main types are as follows: FRAG-T, UOR-281 and UOR-281U These two rounds use OR-281 or OR-281U forged steel projectiles which are virtually identical apart from variations in the shape of their ogives. The OR-281U ogive is more rounded and the walls are thicker producing increased fragmentation. The explosive filling on both types of projectile is A-IX-2 (RDX/Aluminium), with the OR-281 containing 168 g and the OR-281U 154 g (both weights are nominal). The OR-281 projectile weighs 2.81 kg and the OR-281U weighs 2.85 kg. Both projectiles can use either an MG-57 or MGZ-57 point detonating fuze threaded into the nose. Both types of fuze, which are made of steel, weigh 316 g and have a self-destruct mechanism which operates between 13 and 17 seconds after firing. A protruding tracer element housing (burn time is a minimum of 10 seconds) is threaded into the base of each projectile. APC-T, BR-281 and BR-281U These two armour-piercing projectiles are virtually identical with the BR-281U differing from the BR-281 only in the type of steel used for the armour-piercing body. Both projectiles have relatively short rounded ogives covered by a pressed-on light steel ballistic cap to preserve the ballistic outline. Both use an MD-10 base detonating fuze (delay time 0.005 second) to ignite the explosive payload which is 13 to 20 g of A-IX-2 (RDX/Aluminium), enhancing behind-armour effects (the BR-281U contains 10 g). The rear of each projectile also houses a protruding No 22 tracer housing which is threaded into the base; the tracer burns for a minimum of 2 seconds. Both types of projectile weigh 2.82 kg. Both types of round have an increased load of 14/7 propellant weighing between 1.45 and 1.54 kg. Both projectiles can penetrate 96 mm of armour set at 0º obliquity at 1,000 m. At 500 m the penetration is 106 mm. TP-T, UOR-281U Carrying a nose-mounted MG-57 ZAST dummy fuze, this training round weighs 6 kg complete with an inert projectile weighing 2.8 kg. Recoil cartridge, WBK-81 This round is intended to provide a recoil force for the testing and maintenance of gun recoil systems and consists of a standard sized cartridge case containing a sealed package containing water to produce the mass to provide the required recoil. The round/cartridge case weighs 3.5 kg complete, of which 1.07 kg is the Nc7p 8, 7/14-11/7 propellant charge. When the round is fired the water payload emerges from the muzzle in a fine mist, so this round can be fired over restricted ranges or areas without risk of harm to personnel or structures. Blank, MK-281 This Blank round is contained in a truncated 57 mm cartridge case and weighs 3 kg complete. The sound and flash producing filling is 560 g of Nctp 1, 2X0, 4/1,2-KF. Authorised fuzes PD MG57, MGZ-57. BD MD-10 Equivalent rounds BULGARIA Marketed by Kintex Type: FRAG-T, UOR-281 or UOR-281U Description: Fitted with MG-57 or MGZ-57 PD fuze. May be produced with the option of a brass or steel cartridge case. Complete round weight given as 6.35 kg and length of complete round 535 mm. Production as required BULGARIA Manufacturer DUNARIT JSCo Type: FRAG-T Description: Appears to be similar to OUR-281 or UOR-281Z. Projectile weight 2.8 kg and muzzle velocity 1,000 m/s CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: HE-T, AP-T Description: HE-T has virtually identical specifications to 57 mm FRAG-T OR-281U. Uses Liu-2 PD fuze. AP-T complete round weighs 6.45 kg and is 537 mm long. A special HE-T is produced specifically for the 57 mm Type 76 water-cooled, twin-barrel naval gun; weight is 7.4 kg (complete round) and length overall 591 mm. Maximum range is 15,000 m; MV 1,000 m/s EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries Type: HE-T, AP-T Description: Weight of complete round given as 6.309 kg and projectile weight as 3.309 kg. Filling is 153 g of Hexal MACEDONIA Manufacturer EUROINVEST Type: HE-T M66 Description: Intended primarily for 57 mm S-68 guns carried on ZSU-57-2 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system. Equates to FRAG-T OR-281U. Standard specifications. ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: Cartridge cases Description: Brass, standard specifications. Production may include complete rounds but no information available. YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE-T, HE Description: May no longer be in production. Equivalent to FRAG-T OR-281U, with or without a tracer elementRead More
73 mm ammunition for 2A28 gun
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
73 mm ammunition for 2A28 gun
Armament 2A28 Grom gun on BMP-1 IFV; BPTU-73 towed anti-tank gun ( Bulgaria ). Development There are two basic natures of round for the 73 mm 2A28 Grom gun mounted in the turret of the BMP-1 IFV; HEAT-FS and FRAG-HE. The HEAT-FS is derived from the PG-9V projectile used with the towed 73 mm SPG-9 recoilless gun (see following entry) while the FRAG-HE is a derivative of the OG-9V projectile used with the same gun. For the 2A28 Grom gun a stub cartridge case is added to the tail of the projectile to propel it from the barrel. Once the projectile is clear of the muzzle a rocket motor cuts in on the HEAT-FS to propel it towards the target. Sweden has adopted the 2A28 gun as the main armament of BMP-1 (Pbv-501) IFVs procured from former East German stocks. The ammunition for these guns is understood to have been taken from former East German stockpiles and has undergone an upgrade programme within Sweden - see under Description for details . The Bulgarian BPTU-73 towed anti-tank gun consists of the 2A28 Grom gun mounted on a modified 23 mm ZPU-23 twin-barrelled air defence gun carriage. Description The main round fired from the 73 mm 2A28 Grom gun is the HEAT-FS PG-15V or PG-15VN with, respectively, the HEAT-FS PG-9 or PG15, and PG-9N or PG-15N rocket projectile. It would appear that 73 mm rounds produced in Bulgaria continue to utilise the original SPG-9 derived projectiles with the 2A28 gun. The projectiles differ in the warhead explosive employed. The PG-9/PG15 has a Hexogen A-IX-1 (RDX:Wax) shaped charge weighing 332 g while the PG-9N/PG-15N has 340 g of the more powerful OKFOL-3.5 (95 per cent HME:5 per cent Wax). The rocket motor employed on both projectiles weighs 1.56 kg and is 380 mm long, containing 460 g of NDSI-2K propellant. In both cases the rocket motor is ignited after firing by a VPZ-9M pyrotechnic delay weighing 35 g. Once the projectile leaves the muzzle it is stabilised by six spring-loaded forward-folding fins. On target, the shaped warhead is initiated by a VP-9 piezoelectric point impact fuze via an igniter in the base of the shaped charge. The PG-15 warhead can penetrate 300 mm of armour while the PG-15N can penetrate 400 mm. Maximum range of both projectiles is 1,300 m while the direct fire range at a target 2 m high is 800 m. Muzzle velocity in both cases is 400 m/s, increasing to between 680 and 700 m/s after the rocket motor ignites. Also available is the 73 mm HEAT-FS PG-15VNT with the PG-15NT rocket projectile. This round is effective against Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) as it has tandem warheads actuated by a VP-9 piezoelectric point impact fuze. Warhead performance is stated to be 550 mm of RHA with behind-armour effects; 400 mm of armour behind ERA; 1 m of reinforced concrete or brick; and 1.8 m of logs and earth. Maximum effective range is 700 m while maximum range is 1,200 m; initial velocity is 400 m/s. A complete round weighs 3.2 kg and overall length is 920 mm. The span of the fully opened guidance fins is 190 mm. In order to allow the PG-15 rounds imported from former East German stocks to meet Swedish handling, transport and other safety requirements, Nammo LIAB AB undertook an update programme on all stocks of 73 mm ammunition. This involved replacing the ignition system for the sustainer rocket motor and the safety and arming system. At the same time, the propellant was replaced to extend the storage life of the rounds. NAMMO LIAB is also developing an enhanced anti-armour warhead for the PG-15 round. A minimum penetration performance of 450 mm has been mentioned . The charge used to propel projectiles from the 2A28 barrel is the 4BN34 (also written as BN34) contained in a steel cartridge case 102 mm long and weighing 875 g; the case alone weighs 390 g. The rimmed stub case (flange diameter 83 mm with mouth internal diameter 63 mm) is crimped onto the projectile tail and contains a perforated disc which creates a high/low-pressure situation to impart a low-pressure impulse to launch the projectile and initiate the VPZ-9M pyrotechnic delay train for the rocket motor. The case is made of BW 11 steel. By contrast, the basic 73 mm FRAG-HE rounds, a later development, do not have a rocket motor. There are two basic types of FRAG-HE round, the OG-15V and OG-15VM, differing only in the weight and type of explosive in the 309 mm long cast-iron warhead on the projectile. The OG-15 FRAG-HE projectile warhead used with the OG-15V round contains 753 g of TNT while the OG-15M projectile used with the OG-15VM round contains 655 g of TD-50 (TNT/dinitronaphthalene). In both cases the explosive is ignited by a nose-mounted GO-2 or O-4M point detonating fuze. Flight stabilisation is provided by six fixed fins on the end of a perforated steel tailboom which also contains a tracer element. Again, Bulgarian-produced 73 mm rounds intended for use with the 2A28 gun continue to employ the OG-9 and OG-9M projectiles but overall performance is the same as the OG-15/OG-15M equivalents. Two further 73 mm FRAG-HE rounds, which may be purely Bulgarian developments, are the OG-15BG and OG-15BG1, with OG-9G and OG-9G1 projectiles respectively. On early production examples, the usual streamlined outline of the 750 g explosive warhead is replaced by a cylinder with serrated wire rings around the explosive to enhance fragmentation, although late production variants do have a more pointed nose profile and fragmentation is augmented by the inclusion of 1,200 2 g metal pellets. The point detonating fuze employed is the O-4M in both cases. The OG-15BG (weight 6 kg) has a muzzle velocity of 230 m/s and a maximum range of 7,500 m. The OG-15BG1 round (weight 4.57 kg) has a muzzle velocity of 316 m/s and a maximum range of 4,200 m. The direct fire ranges are 400 m and 350 m respectively. The OG-15 and OG-15M FRAG-HE projectiles are propelled by a 4BN41 charge, weighing 890 g, in a steel stub cartridge case crimped onto the projectile tail. The muzzle velocity is 290 m/s and maximum possible range is given as 4,500 m; operational ranges are much shorter than that as the projectile trajectory is prone to be influenced by even light side winds. Under development by Nammo LIAB of Sweden is a HE-FRAG warhead, with the fragmentation effects augmented by a layer of steel balls. Also under development is an improved rocket motor providing an extended range of 2,000 m . Policské Strojirny (PS) of the Czech Republic produces a 73 mm Blank round for training purposes. The round is loaded in the same manner as a conventional round and projects a blunt-nosed projectile to approximately 100 m from the gun muzzle where it detonates and breaks up to produce simulated gunfire sounds. The Blank round is known as the 73PG-15V-Cv or simply as the PG-15V. Authorised fuzes HEAT-FS - PIBD VP-9 FRAG-HE - PD GO-2 or OM-4M Equivalent rounds BULGARIA BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: 73 mm HEAT-FS, FRAG-HE Description: Standard specifications - see text. Also produced at one time was a variant of the OG-15VB FRAG-HE which contained 990 prefragmented pellets around the TNT explosive filling. Weight of the Bulgarian OG-15VB variant is 4 kg Manufacturer Vazov Engineering Plants Type: HEAT-FS PG-15V, PG-15VN, PG-15NT; FRAG-HE OG-15V, OG-15VM, OG-15BG, OG-15BG1 Description: See text Manufacturer Vazovski Machinostroitelni Zavodi Type: HEAT-FS PG-9, PG-9N; FRAG-HE OG-9, OG9M Description: Standard specifications, see text CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Caliber Prague Ltd Type: HEAT-FS PG-15VN, FRAG-HE OG-15VN Description: Standard specifications, see text Manufacturer Policské Strojirny (PS) Type: TP PG-15V Description: Inert warhead for practice firing - see also text ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: 73 mm HEAT-FS, FRAG-HE Description: May no longer be in series production. One version of the two types of FRAG-HE utilises a cast mortar bomb body design for the warhead SWEDEN Manufacturer Nammo LIAB Type: 73 mm HEAT-FS, FRAG-HE Description: See text .Read More
Arsenal
Arsenal
100 mm 3UBK10-1 and 3UBK10M-1 rounds with
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
100 mm 3UBK10-1 and 3UBK10M-1 rounds with
Armament 100 mm D-10 series gun on T-55AM2P , T-55AM2B and T-55AMV MBTs. Development The 100 mm 3UBK10-1 round with 9M117 gun-launched missile (also known by the NATO codename of AT-10 `Stabber'), is one component of the 9K116-1 Bastion gun-launched missile system fitted to the T-55 AM2B tank and others in the same series. The 9K116-1 Bastion system can be retrofitted to early models of T-55 tanks. The 100 mm 9M117 missile is a laser beam-riding missile that can be fired from a conventional rifled 100 mm D-10 series gun barrel. It is guided towards its target by the 1K13 fire-control sight. Each T-55 MBT can carry six 100 mm 9M117 gun-launched missile rounds. In 1996, the 100 mm 9M117M missile, part of the 3UBK10M-1 round, was announced. The main change from the standard 9M117 missile, is the introduction of a tandem warhead capable of defeating active armour. During 1999 the 9M117M1 Arkan round was introduced with a potential range increase to 5,000-5,500 m, once a few minor modifications have been made to the existing fire-control system and guidance units. The 9K116-1 Bastion system was developed by the KBP design bureau (Design Bureau for Instrument Building) at Tula, also known as Tulamashzavod. An adaptation of the Bastion system for 105 mm tank guns has been proposed capable of producing a hit probability of 0.8 over ranges of 100 to 5,000 m. Known as Spear, this 105 mm version is marketed in conjunction with Diehl and Krauss Maffei of Germany (see separate entry). Description The complete 100 mm 3UBK10-1 gun-launched missile round resembles a piece of conventional ammunition. It is a fixed round with the missile projectile secured to the cartridge sleeve by a crimping ring just behind the copper drive band on the projectile body. However, the body of the missile extends almost to the base of the cartridge sleeve and the missile contains its own rocket motor. The 100 mm 3UBK10-1 gun-launched missile round is handled and loaded in the same manner as a conventional round. Once it is chambered, the laser section of the fire-control system, including the 1K13 tracker unit with a built-in missile guidance laser channel, is used to select and track a target and the missile is fired electrically. A 12/1 tubular ejection charge, containing a high nitrogen content in the cartridge sleeve, propels the missile along the barrel so that, once clear of the muzzle and after 1.5 seconds, a sustainer rocket motor cuts in to provide propulsion for approximately 6 seconds. During the early part of its trajectory and once a base unit has been jettisoned, stabilising fins at the tail unfold while small control fins are deployed pyrotechnically from the nose portion. Internal gyros are used to control the trajectory. The 9M117 missile can only be launched once the infra-red laser section of the fire-control system is switched on. The gunner places his aiming point on the target and maintains it there before and after the gun is fired. Laser receivers on the missile tail receive encoded trajectory correction signals. These are processed to alter the position of the nose-located control fins and thus guide the missile towards its target. The 9M117 missile has a 9H136M shaped charge warhead, formed from OKFOL-3.5 (HMX/Wax 95/5), located in the portion of the missile body behind the nose and control fin area and ignited by a 9E256 point detonation/graze actuated fuze. No confirmed details are available regarding the penetration capability of the 9H136M warhead but it is understood to be 650 mm of passive armour; a more conservative reference quotes 550 mm (which seems the more likely, especially as one Russian sales brochure quotes only 275 mm). The maximum engagement range of the 9K116 Bastion system is 4,000 m and minimum range 100 m. Time of flight to 4,000 m is 12 to 13 seconds. If the 9M117 missile misses its target it will self-destruct after an interval of 26 to 41 seconds. The 9M117M missile used with the 3UBK10M-1 round differs in having a tandem warhead formed by a precursor charge and a main shaped charge. The missile length is increased to 1.106 m although the missile weight remains at 18.4 kg. Armour penetration performance is quoted as 550 mm of rolled homogeneous armour and it is capable of defeating reactive armour. All other operating and other details are identical to those of the standard 9M117 missile. The exact production status of the 9M117M missile is uncertain although sales brochures promote it as part of a T-55 MBT update package along with upgraded armour. The 9M117M1 Arkan missile, introduced during 1999, has a potential maximum effective range of 5,000 to 5,500 m, once minor modifications have been made to the fire-control system and guidance units. Without the modifications the maximum effective range remains at 4,000 m. Armour penetration performance is given as 700 to 750 mm, although a complete penetration of Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) is not assured. At least two hits are required to penetrate ERA. The 9M117M1 Arkan missile can be used with all other 100 mm gun/launcher systems, including the 2A70 used on the BMP-3 IFV. Authorised fuzes Integral PD 9E256 Equivalent rounds BULGARIA Marketing agency Kintex Type: 100 mm 3UBK10-1 round with 9M117 guided projectile Description: Specifications as text BULGARIA Manufacturer Vazovski Machinostroitelni Zavodi Type: 100 mm 3UBK10-1 round with 9M117 guided projectile Description: Specifications as textRead More
Ammunition for 100 mm T-12 and MT-12 anti-tank
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
Ammunition for 100 mm T-12 and MT-12 anti-tank
Armament 100 mm T-12 ( 2A19 ) and MT-12 ( 2A29 ) anti-tank guns; 100 mm M87 towed anti-tank gun TOPAZ ( Yugoslavia ). Development The 100 mm T-12 ( 2A19 ) towed anti-tank gun, which entered service in 1960, differs from other 100 mm guns of Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) origin by having a smoothbore barrel in place of the usual rifling. The T-12 therefore fires a different family of ammunition, as does a later variant with a revised carriage known as the MT-12 Rapira (Rapier) or 2A29 . The 100 mm M87 towed anti-tank gun TOPAZ was developed in Yugoslavia . It is a combination of the ordnance from the RFAS MT-12 ( 2A29 ) and the carriage of the locally produced 122 mm D-30J towed howitzer. It does not appear to have entered production. Although the Chinese NORINCO 100 mm Type 73 and Type 86 towed anti-tank guns are understood to be based on the T-12/MT-12 designs, it is not confirmed that their ammunition is interchangeable. The rounds outlined in the text are the latest production versions produced by the Engineering Research Institute based in Moscow. The 100 mm T-12/MT-12 rounds produced in Bulgaria are earlier models which vary slightly in weights and performance but are essentially similar. The Kastet round is not produced in Bulgaria . Description All 100 mm T-12/MT-12 rounds are fixed, with the projectiles rigidly secured to the lacquered steel cartridge cases. In general terms the projectiles differ from other similar 100 mm projectiles, by their ability to be fired from smoothbore barrels. The cartridge cases also have a revised outline with a pronounced neck two-thirds of the way up from the base, thereby indicating the development from the 115 mm calibre. There are four main types of anti-armour projectile: the guided Kastet; an APFSDS-T; a HEAT-T; and a HE-FS. The T-12/MT-12 can fire the 3UBK10 and UBK10M Kastet gun-launched guided missile round with a projectile virtually identical to the 9M117 projectile, intended for rifled 100 mm and 115 mm guns (qv). The 9M117 was originally developed for use with the T-12/MT-12 anti-tank guns and is part of the 9K116 Bastion system. The Kastet is fired towards its intended target by the normal gun crew but once in flight the projectile is guided by an operator located close to the gun and using a 9S53 laser target designator. This enables the gun crew to engage another target immediately after the Kastet has been fired. The maximum range is 4,000 m and minimum range 100 m. Armour penetration behind reactive armour is claimed to be between 650 and 700 mm but is more likely to be of the order of 275 and 550 mm. Weight of a complete Kastet round is 24.5 kg, of which 18.4 kg is the 9M117 missile, although some reference state these figures are 25 kg and 17.6 kg respectively . In 1996, the 100 mm 9M117M missile, part of the 3UBK10M round, was announced. The main change from the standard 9M117 missile is the introduction of a tandem warhead capable of defeating from 275 to 550 mm of active armour or 600 mm of conventional armour. The projectile weight is increased to 19.4 kg. Weight of a complete 3UBK10M round is 27.5 kg. Time of flight to 4,000 m is 13.5 seconds. The APFSDS-T, also referred to as a HVAPFSDS-T, has the designation 3UBM10 and fires the 3BM-24 projectile assembly weighing 4.55 kg. The projectile assembly is essentially similar to that employed with the 100 mm UBM-8 APFSDS-T round, fired from D-10 series tank guns. The cartridge case contains 8.75 kg of propellant. With a muzzle velocity of 1,548 m/s the 3BM-24 can penetrate 406 mm of armour set at an angle of 0º at 500 m and 225 mm at 1,000 m. Maximum effective range has been estimated at 2,000 m. The fin-stabilised HEAT-T has the designation 3UBK-8 and has the 3BK-16M projectile weighing 9.5 kg with a shaped warhead using A-IX-1 (RDX/Wax) explosive initiated by a GPV-2 PIBD fuze. The cartridge case contains 4.69 kg of propellant which produces a muzzle velocity of 1,075 m/s. The warhead can penetrate 400 mm of armour. The designation of the HE-FS round, also known as FRAG-HE-FS, is 3UOF-12, with a 3OF-35 projectile. It weighs 28.9 kg of which 16.7 kg is the projectile. It has a muzzle velocity of 700 m/s to provide a maximum indirect fire range of 8,200 m. The nose-mounted PD fuze is a V-429E. Authorised fuzes Kastet - integral PD 9E256 APFSDS-T - none involved HEAT-T - PIBD GPV-2 HE-FS - PD V-429E Equivalent rounds BULGARIA BULGARIA Manufacturer Duna-Rit Type: APFSDS-T, HEAT-T and HE-FS Description: Earlier models of rounds mentioned above but otherwise essentially similarRead More
30 mm NR-30 aircraft cannon ammunition
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
30 mm NR-30 aircraft cannon ammunition
Armament 30 mm Nudelmann-Richter NR-30 Cannon; 30 mm Automatic Aircraft Gun Type 1. Development The 30 mm Nudelmann-Richter NR-30 was the standard Soviet aircraft cannon from 1955 onwards, but it was superseded by later designs. It is now only used on the older types of fighter aircraft, such as the MiG-19, supplied to states receiving Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) military aid and is now little encountered in the RFAS. The 30 mm NR-30 is still employed and manufactured in China as the 30 mm Automatic Aircraft Gun Type 1. The 30 mm Type 1 is the standard gun fitted to the Chinese F-6, the much modified Chinese version of the MiG-19, and has a rate of fire of approximately 900 rds/min. The rounds, some of which have been developed locally, are formed into belts using pressed steel links. Description There are seven main types of 30 mm NR-30 ammunition, HEFI, HEFI-T, HE-I, APE, AP-T, CC and Anti-radar. All of these rounds are fixed with the projectiles rigidly secured to their brass cartridge case by two 360º crimping rings fitting into cannelures in the projectile body. A raised belt is located just in front of the wide extraction groove at the base of the cartridge case. Projectile bodies are forged steel and are fitted with a copper or gilding metal drive band. On the HEFI and HEFI-T a weatherproof A-30 or B-30 point detonating fuze is fitted to the nose. The explosive filling is 36.9 g of A-IX-2 (desensitised RDX/Aluminium). The HEI is a high-explosive incendiary round which equates to the Western Bloc SAPHEI. Intended for use against sensor-carrying balloons and similar lightly constructed aerial platforms. It is provided with a highly sensitive nose fuze provided with a self-destruct element operating from 12 to 20 seconds after firing. The fuze is armed at a distance of from 30 to 250 m from the gun muzzle. The APE uses a VLM-30 base detonating fuze to ignite the 25 g explosive payload. The fuze also contains a self-destruct element functioning 14 to 20 seconds after leaving the gun muzzle. Armour penetration at 700 m is 20 mm of armour set at an angle of 60º. The same penetration performance is achieved by the AP-T projectile on which the tracer element burns for 2 seconds. The CC (Cargo Carrying) round carries a `multiple element projectile' containing 28 bullet-shaped heavy metal subprojectiles, each weighing 35 g. The subprojectiles are ejected forwards from 1.1 to 1.5 seconds after firing to form a destructive cone effective against personnel and soft-skinned targets on the ground. The Anti-radar round carries a projectile from which approximately six radar jamming chaff particles are ejected while the projectile is still in flight. Two different lengths of chaff element are available to suit the types of radar likely to be encountered. Ejection takes place from 6 to 8 seconds after the projectile leaves the gun muzzle so that after 30 seconds the chaff will form an effective reflective cloud covering 14 to 18.5 m 2. A TP cartridge is completely inert and has a plug in place of the nose fuze. At one point various TP rounds were produced for air or ground targets, apparently with different types of target strike indication elements. The cartridge case is drawn brass and contains 95 g of a single base propellant known as 5/7 B/A or 6/7 FL. There is a percussion primer in the base. The muzzle velocity of this round is 795 to 800 m/s but the effective range is stated to be limited to 800 m. The `direct fire range' is 600 m. Maximum useful range is 2,000 m. Authorised fuzes HEFI and HEFI-T - A-30 or B-30 PD APE - VLM-30 BD Type 1 HE-I - Pào-yin-2 PD Equivalent rounds BULGARIA BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: Not specified, believed to be HEFI Description: Weight given as 848 g and muzzle velocity 791-807 m/s Manufacturer Arminex Type: Not specified, believed to be HEFI Description: Described as for HP-30 aircraft gun. Cartridge weight given as 848 g and projectile weight 406 g. Muzzle velocity is 799 m/s (±8 m/s) CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: APHE-SD, HE-I-SD, HEI-T-SD. Description: HE-I fitted with Pào-yin-2 PD fuze. May be fitted with brass or steel cartridge cases EGYPT Manufacturer Maasara Company for Engineering Type: TP, TP-T Description: Standard specifications as text PAKISTAN Manufacturer Pakistan Ordnance Factories Type: HE-I, API, Ball (TP) Description: Licence-produced versions of Chinese 30 mm Type 1 ammunition. Standard specifications as textRead More
Arsenal
Arsenal
73 mm ammunition for SPG-9 recoilless gun
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Iran
73 mm ammunition for SPG-9 recoilless gun
Armament 73 mm SPG-9 and SPG-9M Kopye recoilless guns. Development The 73 mm SPG-9 Kopye (Spear) recoilless gun was developed as a light and highly mobile anti-tank gun for use by airborne and special forces although it is now more likely to be deployed as a general purpose fire support weapon. It is still widely deployed throughout Eastern Bloc and other armed forces and is still in production in several nations. The ammunition was used as the basis for the rounds fired by the 2A28 gun (see previous entry) and in many instances the projectiles and warheads involved are identical between the two guns; only the propelling system differs. Description The base round fired from the 73 mm SPG-9 gun is the HEAT-FS PG-9V or PG-9VN with, respectively, the HEAT-FS PG-9 or PG-9N rocket projectile. The projectiles differ in the warhead explosive employed. The PG-9 has a Hexogen A-IX-1 (RDX:Wax) shaped charge weighing 332 g while the PG-9N has 340 g of the more powerful OKFOL-3.5 (95 per cent HME: 5 per cent Wax). The 4BN27 propellant charge, employed on both projectiles, is the PG-9PR secured to the tail of the projectile just behind the six forward-folding fins which spring out once the projectile has left the muzzle . On target, the shaped warhead is initiated by a VP-9 piezoelectric point impact fuze via an igniter in the base of the shaped charge. The PG-9 warhead can penetrate 300 mm of armour while the PG-9N can penetrate 400 mm. Maximum range of both projectiles is 1,300 m while the direct fire range at a target 2 m high is 800 m. Muzzle velocity in both cases is 435 m/s. The latest round is the PG-9VS for which the maximum direct fire range is increased to 1,300 m. No armour penetration figures have been released regarding this round although the shaped charge can penetrate at least 1.5 m of brick and 1 m of reinforced concrete. Also available is the 73 mm HEAT-FS PG-9VNT with the PG-9NT rocket projectile. This round is effective against Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) as it has tandem warheads actuated by a VP-9 piezoelectric point impact fuze. Warhead performance is stated to be 550 mm of RHA with behind-armour effects; 400 mm of armour behind ERA; 1 m of reinforced concrete or brick; and 1.8 m of logs and earth. Maximum effective range is 700 m while maximum range is 1,200 m; initial velocity is 400 m/s. A complete round weighs 3.2 kg and overall length is 920 mm. The span of the fully opened guidance fins is 190 mm. By contrast, the basic 73 mm FRAG-HE rounds, a later development, do not have a rocket motor. There are two basic types of FRAG-HE round, the OG-9V and OG-9VM, differing only in the weight and type of explosive in the 309 mm long cast-iron warhead on the projectile. The OG-9 FRAG-HE projectile warhead used with the OG-9V round contains 753 g of TNT while the OG-9M projectile used with the OG-9VM round contains 655 g of TD-50 (TNT/dinitronaphthalene). In both cases the explosive is ignited by a nose-mounted GO-2 or O-4M point detonating fuze. Flight stabilisation is provided by six fixed fins on the end of a perforated steel tailboom which also contains a tracer element. The propellant employed is 4BN40 . The latest FRAG-HE round is the OG-9VM1 with a total weight of 5.35 kg. Two further 73 mm FRAG-HE rounds are Bulgarian developments, the OG-9BG and OG-9BG1, with OG-9G and OG-9G1 projectiles respectively. The usual streamlined outline of the 750 g explosive warhead is replaced by a cylinder with serrated wire rings around the explosive to enhance fragmentation, although late production variants do have a more pointed nose profile and fragmentation is augmented by the inclusion of 1,200 2 g metal pellets. The point detonating fuze employed is the O-4M in both cases. The OG-9BG (weight 6.9 kg) has a muzzle velocity of 250 m/s and a maximum range of 7,500 m. The OG-15BG1 round (weight 4.48 kg) has a muzzle velocity of 316 m/s and a maximum range of 4,200 m. The direct fire ranges are 400 and 350 m respectively. Authorised fuzes HEAT-FS - PIBD VP-9 FRAG-HE - PD GO-2 or OM-4M Equivalent rounds BULGARIA BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: 73 mm HEAT-FS, FRAG-HE Description: Standard specifications, see text Manufacturer Vazov Engineering Plants Type: HEAT-FS PG-15V, PG-15VN, PG-15NT; FRAG-HE OG-15V, OG-15VM, OG-15BG, OG-15BG1 Description: See text Manufacturer Vazovski Machinostroitelni Zavodi Type: HEAT-FS PG-9, PG-9N; FRAG-HE OG-9, OG-9M Description: Standard specifications, see text IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation Type: 73 mm PG-9 Description: Standard specification, see text ROMANIA Manufacturer SA ROMARM SN Type: 73 mm HEAT-FS, FRAG-HE Description: May no longer be in series production. One version of the two types of FRAG-HE utilises a cast mortar bomb body design for the warheadRead More
Arsenal
Arsenal
122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13
Armament 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30J ; Factory 100 D-30-M; 122 mm Saddam Howitzer; Hadid 122 mm Howitzer HM40. NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 85 ; 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer M-1974 ( 2S1 ); Model 89 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer ; Hadid 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer HM51 ( Thunder 1 ). Development The 122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13 is the latest model of fin-stabilised HEAT projectile intended for firing from towed D-30 and self-propelled 2S1 howitzers. The complete round is known as the 3UBK-9. There is also a BK-13M projectile for use with 2S1 self-propelled howitzers. A projectile similar to the BK-13M has been produced in Poland as the BK-13MP. Description The 122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13 projectile is normally fired as a fixed round, the 3UBK-9, although it is apparently possible to separate the projectile and its cartridge case. The 3UBK-9 round uses its own particular type of cartridge case loaded with a fixed propellant charge. The steel body of the 122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13 projectile has straight sides and a blunt nose with a central boom carrying the fuze impact sensor. A solid slipping drive band 28.19 mm wide is made of copper. A tubular boom assembly carrying six forward-folding fins protrudes from the base. These fins snap out once the projectile has left the muzzle and when fully deployed have a span of 369.16 mm. The boom assembly carries a tracer element. The steel projectile body contains 1.8 kg of A-IX-1 (RDX/Wax) explosive formed behind a conical metal liner. An internal connection from the nose-mounted piezoelectric impact sensor to the V-15 point impact base detonating fuze will detonate the main charge and utilise a wave shaper to create a high-temperature particle jet estimated to be capable of penetrating approximately 400 mm of armour at any range. Unlike most other projectiles in the 122 mm D-30/2S1 range, the 122 mm HEAT-FS-T BK-13 projectile is combined with its own specific 447 mm long lacquered steel cartridge case with a fixed propellant load consisting of 3.8 kg of 12/7, 12/7 Tr and VTH-10 propellant ignited by a KV-U or KV-4 percussion primer. This produces a muzzle velocity of 690 m/s and a maximum effective range of 1,000 m. Authorised fuzes PIBD V-15 Equivalent rounds BULGARIA BULGARIA Manufacturer Vazov Engineering Plants Type: 122 mm Hollow Charge Round Description: Equivalent to BK-13. Standard specifications. BK-13M equivalent also produced Marketing agency Kintex Type: HEAT-FS 3UBK-9 Description: Standard specifications CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Caliber Prague Limited Type: 122 mm HE Description: Standard specificationsRead More
152 mm 3RB30 VHF Radio Jammer Cargo
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
152 mm 3RB30 VHF Radio Jammer Cargo
Armament 152 mm Gun-Howitzer D-20 ; 152 mm Gun-Howitzer 2A65 ( M1987 or MSTA-B); 152 mm 2A61 Howitzer. Self-propelled equipments include: 152 mm Self-propelled Howitzer M-1973 ( 2S3M ); 152 mm 2S19 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer. Development The 152 mm 3RB30 VHF Radio Jammer Cargo projectile 3RB30 is intended for the jamming of tactical communication networks and is used with the latest generation of Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) 152 mm long-barrelled Gun-Howitzers. As with other projectiles in this ammunition generation, it is issued together with a choice of three preloaded cartridge cases of varying lengths containing the variable propellant charges. The complete rounds are combined under the designation 3VRB38. There is also a Full Charge and a Reduced Charge. This 3RB30 projectile was developed as part of a joint Russian-Bulgarian association. The 3RB30 round appears to have been the result of the Russian part of the association, the Bulgarian contribution being the rounds for the earlier series of 152 mm artillery pieces (see following entry). There are equivalent Russian projectile and rounds intended primarily for firing from D-20 and 2S3M howitzers. The projectile remains the same as for the long-barrelled howitzers but only two propellant charges and rounds are involved. The Full Charge round is the 3VRB37 and the Reduced Charge round the 3VRB38. Ballistic performances will vary accordingly. Description As with other rounds in the 152 mm family, the 152 mm VHF Radio Jammer Cargo Projectile 3RB30 is a separate loading munition. It uses the same carrier projectile as the 152 mm ICM 3-O-23 (see separate entry in this section). The steel carrier body has relatively thin steel walls, a long streamlined ogive, single copper drive band and a base unit with a hollow boat-tail outline secured to the base. The interior contains a single VHF radio jammer body which is ejected through the base when the nose-mounted time fuze functions at the preselected time igniting an expulsion charge inside the ogive. The jammer body will then be ejected to fall to the ground, stabilised in flight by four tail-mounted pop-out fins. This ensures the jammer body falls nose first, so that the nose spike enters the ground allowing a folded antenna to unfurl upwards from within the rear of the tail unit. There are seven ready-loaded jammer bodies to choose from, covering a frequency range of 1.5 to 120 MHz; 3NS30 projectiles are apparently issued in sets of seven. Each VHF radio jammer transmitter body weighs 8.2 kg and can transmit jamming signals over a radius of 700 m for 1 hour. The cartridge cases involved with the three propellant charges are lacquered steel with a KV-4 percussion primer in the base. No information is available regarding the weights and types of propellant involved although it is known that there are three charges available, the maximum possible range being 22,000 m. Authorised fuzes MT - type not specified Equivalent projectiles BULGARIA Marketing agency Kintex Type: 152 mm VRS-546 VHF Radio Jammer Cargo Projectile Description: See following entry VERIFIED BULGARIARead More
23 × 152B mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
23 × 152B mm
Synonyms 23 × 152B; 23 mm Soviet VYa Armament ZU-23 and ZSU-23-4 anti-aircraft guns; Mvlkov-Yarzev VYa-23 aircraft guns; subcalibre devices. Development The 23 × 151 mm cartridge was developed in 1940 for the VYa aircraft cannon, a weapon widely adopted by the Soviet Air Force, notably in the Ilyushin Il-2 `Stormovik' ground-attack fighter. The VYa cannon was replaced by other types, but the basic cartridge was adapted for the ZU-23 cannon, which first appeared as an aircraft gun but is now used solely as an air defence ground gun. The ZSU-23, as the ground gun is known, and its self-propelled variant the ZSU-23-4 , were both widely distributed throughout the former Warsaw Pact and many other countries. In 1993 it was revealed that the South African Defence Force (SADF, now the SANDF) had acquired numbers of ZU-23 weapons during the Angolan conflict, and that these had been assimilated into South African service as self-propelled anti-aircraft guns. As a result, manufacture of the appropriate ammunition now takes place in South Africa . Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG of Switzerland introduced a 23 × 152B FAPDS-T round during 1997. It is understood that this round forms part of a 23 mm ZSU-23 air defence gun upgrade package proposed by Sako of Finland . Description The case is rimless, belted, bottlenecked and of brass or, more usually, steel. While dimensionally similar, ammunition for the VYa and ZU-23 guns is not functionally interchangeable. Cartridges for the VYa gun had brass cases and a screwed-in percussion primer. Those for the ZU-23 use steel cases and an extended-tube KV-3 primer which is pressed in and cannot be removed. Brass or steel cases are manufactured for the subcalibre training device for tank guns. The following are the most commonly encountered types of this ammunition: HEI: Also known as HEFI. The projectile consists of a steel shell filled with AIX-2 explosive ignited by a PD MG-25 nose fuze. The projectile has a copper drive band. The steel case contains approximately 77 g of 5/7 CFL propellant in powder form ignited by a KV-3 primer to provide an initial muzzle velocity of 970 to 980 m/s. This provides an effective horizontal range of 2,500 m or 1,500 m in altitude. HEI-T: Also known as HEFI-T. As HEI but with tracer burning for at least 5 seconds. API-T: Solid steel projectile body with steel ballistic cap and tracer assembly in the base. The steel case contains approximately 76 g of 5/7 CFL propellant in powder form ignited by a KV-3 primer to provide an initial muzzle velocity of 970 to 980 m/s. This provides an effective horizontal range of 2,500 m or 1,500 m in altitude. The tracer burns for at least 5 seconds. The projectile can penetrate 10 mm of armour, assuming an impact angle of 30º and an impact velocity of 530 m/s. TP-T: As HEI-T but the projectile is filled with an inert mixture. Subcalibre AP-T: Intended for use with a subcalibre barrel insert intended for low-cost gunnery training. The round closely resembles that for the API-T but has a silver tip painted on the nose and the propellant charge is reduced to 73 g of 5/7 CFL propellant in powder form. The slightly reduced propellant charge in the brass or steel case results in a muzzle velocity of 910 m/s and the round weight is 447 g. Horizontal range is 1,800 m. Blank: This cartridge consists of the steel case only with the mouth crimped over. The contents are 35 g of VTJ powder ignited by a KV-3 primer. BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: HEI-T: Round weight 450 g; projectile 188.5 g; MV 970 m/s HEI-T Inert: Training round identical to HEI-T, except for inert warhead. Round weight 449 g; Projectile weight, 188.5 g; MV 970 m/s API-T: Round weight 450 g; projectile 190 g; MV 970 m/s TP-T: Round weight 450 g; projectile 188.5 g; MV 970 m/s Subcalibre: Round weight 447 g; projectile 190 g; MV 910 m/s Blank: Steel case containing 35 g of VTJ powder EGYPT Manufacturer Maasara Company for Engineering Type: HE-I-T: Probably based on the Serbian HE-I-T round; no details AP-I-T: Probably based on the Serbian AP-I-T round; no details Subcalibre: Solid shot, with tracer and ballistic cap; brass case with screwed-in primer. No details of performance. For use in tank gun subcalibre insert barrels IRAN Manufacturer Ammunition Industries Organisation Type: HE-AP-I: In spite of the Iranian designation, this appears to be a conventional HE-I shell with nose impact fuze. It also has a red tracer. MV 970 m/s POLAND Manufacturer Zaklady Metalowe Mesko Type: HEI-T BZT: Projectile weight 188.5 g; MV 970 m/s RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer Kemerovo Mechanical Plant Type: AP-I-T: Steel shell and ballistic cap with copper rotating band; 175 g; Mv 970 m/s Manufacturer State arsenals Type: HE-I-T OZT: Steel shell filled 18 g HE; copper driving band. Mk 25 nose impact fuze; 183 g; MV 970 to 990 m/s AP-I BZ: Steel-pointed shell with alloy ballistic cap filled with incendiary mixture; 192 g; MV 1,000 m/s Manufacturer PRIBOR Type: HEI-T: Known as HEFI-T. See text HEI: Known as HEFI. See text AP-T: See text SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Ltd ( PMP ) Type: HEI: Steel shell loaded Hexal P30 and with soft iron driving band, steel case, Boxer primed, self-destruction 5 to 12 seconds; nose impact fuze; 187 g; MV 975 m/s APC-I-T: Steel shot with ballistic cap, incendiary filling inside the cap, soft iron driving band, base tracer to 5 seconds minimum; steel case, Boxer primed; 187 g; 975 m/s; penetration 50 mm SAPHEI: Base fuzed; under development SWITZERLAND Manufacturer Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG Type: FAPDS-T PMA 276: Subcalibre, frangible armour-piercing discarding sabot with tracer. Tungsten alloy penetrator with integral plastic moulded ballistic cap and tracer, with full plastic moulded discarding sabot; 150 g; MV 1,180 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: HE: Steel shell loaded 19.6 g RDX/Aluminium; nose impact fuze; 190 g; MV 970 m/s HE-T: Steel shell loaded 16.3 g RDX/Aluminium, with tracer in rear and heat relay giving self-destruction after 3.5 seconds; nose impact fuze; 190 g; MV 970 m/s HE-I: Steel shell loaded 19.6 g RDX/Aluminium; nose impact fuze; 182 g; MV 970 m/s HE-I-T: Steel shell loaded 16.3 g RDX/Aluminium, with tracer in rear and heat relay giving self-destruction after 3.5 seconds; nose impact fuze; 190 g; MV 970 m/s AP-I: Steel-pointed shell loaded 5 g TNT/Aluminium with incendiary filling in ballistic cap; base delay fuze; 190 g; MV 970 m/s AP-I-T: As for AP-I but with red tracer; 190 g; MV 970 m/s TP: HE shell body, empty; dummy fuze; 182 g; MV 970 m/s TP-T: HE-T shell body, forward section empty, rear section red tracer; dummy fuze; 190 g; MV 970 m/sRead More
Arsenal
Arsenal
82 mm fragmentation bomb O-832DU
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
82 mm fragmentation bomb O-832DU
Armament All 82 mm mortars. Development Development history is not known but the appearance of this bomb suggests a copy of the Soviet/RFAS O-832DU bomb. Description The O-832DU fragmentation bomb is a conventional teardrop-shaped bomb, with a ferro-steel body and a welded steel tail unit with 10 fins. The body has five gas check rings around the bourrelet and is screwed at the nose for a fuze and at the rear end for the tail unit. The primary cartridge fits into the tailboom, and the secondary charges clip around the boom in horseshoe containers. Manufacturer Dunarit, Ltd. Export agency: Kintex and KAS Engineering.Read More
120 mm HE bomb OF-843A/FE-843B
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
120 mm HE bomb OF-843A/FE-843B
Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development Based upon Soviet/RFAS 120 mm OF-843A bomb, with some slight changes in fin contours. Description The OF-843A is a streamlined conventional bomb for general bombardment purposes. The body is of ferro-steel, with six gas check grooves around the bourrelet and threaded at the nose for a fuze and at the rear for the tail unit. The tail unit is of welded steel, with eight fins, and the primary cartridge is inserted into the rear. Up to six secondary increments may be clipped around the boom. The Bulgarian export firm of KAS Engineering began showing this round with a new designation, FE-843B, in 1998. Other than the new designation, it is identical to the earlier OF-843 . The M12 fuze is apparently a copy of the RFAS fuze of the same designation.Read More
O-4M
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
O-4M
Armament 82 mm fragmentation mortar bombs. Development Development history not known but presumed to be after a Russian original design. Description A simple impact nose fuze, armed on setback. It does not appear to have any bore safety shutter device.Read More
RV-1
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
RV-1
Armament 120 mm smoothbore mortar bombs. Development By Bulgarian ordnance to a Bulgarian military requirement. Description The RV-1 is a relatively large proximity fuze with a mechanical impact back-up feature. The plastic nose cover may be found in several different colours. The body of the fuze is made of plastic, aluminium and steel. Manufacturer Kintex.Read More
60 mm HE bomb GMO-6PE A1
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Bulgaria
60 mm HE bomb GMO-6PE A1
Armament Bulgarian 60 mm mortar and similar weapons. Development By Arsenal Company for general use. Description The bomb body is of cast iron and is of the usual teardrop shape. The tail unit has six stabilising fins with an internal shotgun type propelling charge and four secondary charges which surround the tail boom. The bomb body is prefragmented and breaks into approximately 500 fragments upon detonation. The fuze is the conventional impact and super-quick type. Manufacturer Arsenal Company.Read More
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