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Defense Products Catalog — Page 151

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MS-10
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
MS-10
Armament 82 mm canister (steel ball) mortar bomb. Development By NORINCO for Chinese People's Liberation Army requirement. Description The MS-10 is designed for use in NORINCO's 82 mm canister mortar bomb which uses steel balls rather than conventional fragmentation to achieve terminal effects. The fuze can be set for time or impact function. The MS-10 uses a powder train delay to select the time. Manufacturer NORINCO.Read More
M-12
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
M-12
Armament 82 and 120 mm HE and WP mortar bombs. Development By NORINCO for the Chinese People's Liberation Army mortar ammunition. Description The M-12 is generally similar to the Soviet/RFAS M-12 and the Chinese MP-4 fuze, with which it may be interchanged. It has delay or super-quick settings and is used with 82 and 120 mm HE and WP mortar bombs. Manufacturer NORINCO.Read More
MS-12
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
MS-12
Armament 81 mm illuminating mortar rounds. Development By NORINCO for export sales. Description The MS-12 is a powder train selective time fuze used with 81 mm base ejecting illuminating mortar rounds. It is siimilar to, and interchanges with, the US M84 and M84A1. Manufacturer NORINCO.Read More
120 mm HE/HEAT mortar bomb
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
120 mm HE/HEAT mortar bomb
Armament 120 mm Mortar, Type W86 Development Developed by Norinco for use in attacking armoured formations. Description The 120 mm HE/HEAT mortar bomb is a conventionally shaped steel bomb with alloy tailboom and fins. The warhead is dual-purpose according to Chinese sources and is effective against both personnel and armoured vehicles. There is no guidance and other than incorporating a dual-purpose warhead with both a shaped charge and fragmentation effect, the round is of conventional design. Unlike the older designs, the HE/HEAT round has a single obturating ring at the bourrelet. The Chinese have released little information on this round and the data contained herein is therefore provisional.Read More
60 mm long-range mortar bomb, Type W89
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
60 mm long-range mortar bomb, Type W89
Armament 60 mm long range mortar, Type W89. Development By NORINCO to Chinese People's Liberation Army requirement for a long range platoon and company level lightweight mortar. Description This is a streamlined bomb similar to the Denel ( South Africa ) M8917 series of mortar bombs. The W89 has a forged steel body with an alloy tailboom assembly screwed into the rear. The tailboom houses a primary cartridge and is fitted with nine secondary increments in plastic horseshoe containers above the eight tail fins. The muzzle safety distance is 40 m. Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO)Read More
MP-1A
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
MP-1A
Armament 60, 81, and 82 mm mortar bombs. Development By NORINCO to Chinese Peoples Liberation Army requirement. Description The MP-1A has a bakelite fuze body with a steel nose cap that functions in super-quick mode only. It has probably been superseded in Chinese service by the MP-1B. Manufacturer NORINCO.Read More
TYPE 100-3
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
TYPE 100-3
Armament HE mortar bombs. Development By NORINCO to Chinese People's Liberation Army requirement. Description The TYPE 100-3 is a steel and bakelite fuze developed specifically for mortar bombs. It has only one safety - a shear wire that blocks the firing pin. An aluminium version of this fuze is also used in rocket projectiles as well as mortar bombs. Manufacturer NORINCO.Read More
122 mm Smoke D-462
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
122 mm Smoke D-462
Armament 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ); NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 54-1 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 83; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30J ; Factory 100 D-30-M; 122 mm Saddam Howitzer; Hadid 122 mm Howitzer HM40. NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 54 and 54-1; NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 85 ; 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer M-1974 ( 2S1 ); Model 89 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer ; Hadid 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer HM51 ( Thunder 1 ). Development Originally developed for use with the 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ), the 122 mm Smoke D-462 is also used with 122 mm gun-howitzers of the D-30 and self-propelled M-1974 type ( 2S1 - also known as the SO-122 or Gvozdika). There are two known 122 mm Chemical projectiles, both essentially similar to the 122 mm Smoke D-462. As far as is known they were intended to be fired only by the 122 mm D-30/2S1 series of howitzers. One projectile, equipped with a point detonating fuze, weighs 22.2 kg and contains 1.3 kg of Sarin (GB), a nerve agent. The other, equipped with a time fuze, weighs 23.1 kg and contains 3.3 kg of thickened Lewisite (L), a blister agent. Both types have been withdrawn from service and are scheduled for destruction. Description The 122 mm Smoke D-462 is a separate loading round, with the projectile and cartridge case being loaded separately so that, where appropriate, the propellant charges can be altered to suit the fire mission. The body of the 122 mm Smoke D-462 projectile is forged steel with a relatively short streamlined ogive, a pronounced bourrelet and a distinct boat tail. There is a single copper drive band just over 20 mm wide. The 122 mm Smoke D-462 contains a nominal 3.6 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). A burster charge, extending halfway down the body interior from behind the fuze well, is occupied by a burster tube containing 160 g of TNT. When the nose-mounted point detonating KTM-2 fuze functions, the burster charge detonates to break open the shell body and scatter the contents. As the White Phosphorus contents come into contact with the air they start to produce a grey/white smoke cloud. No definite information regarding the smoke production duration is available but is probably 40 to 50 seconds. The 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ) ammunition system uses a `multisection' system of propelling charges. The total weight of the nitrocellulose powder charges is 2.2 kg, made up from a system of nine bags. The basic charge, Charge 8, is a single-base charge bag. The system is built up until the Charge 1 stage is reached which is formed by the base charge bag, four equal section bag charges in a lower layer and three equal section bag charges in an upper layer. The Full Charge is produced by adding one further bag charge to the upper layer, making a total of nine bags in all, which are all held in place by a fibre cup. They are all contained in a brass cartridge case, 284 mm long and weighing 3.25 kg, with a brass percussion primer housing, 25 mm long, threaded into the centre of the base. It is possible to use a cartridge case issued with the Full Charge ready packed and with no facility to alter the charges. This charge system produces a range of muzzle velocities from 205 m/s at the lower end (minimum range 5,350 m) up to the 515 m/s (maximum range 11,800 m) produced by the Full Charge. When the 122 mm Smoke D-462 is fired from the 122 mm Howitzer D-30 or self-propelled 2S1 a longer brass or lacquered steel cartridge case (length 447 mm, weight (steel) 3.66 kg) is involved. This can contain nitrocellulose powder in a `Reduced Charge' form containing five variable charge bags weighing a total of 2.43 kg, or a single prepacked Full Charge weighing 3.8 kg. The muzzle velocity using the Full Charge is 680 to 690 m/s and the maximum range 17,360 m. The maximum muzzle velocity using the `Reduced Charge' cartridge is 565 m/s and maximum range 15,300 m. Authorised fuzes PD KTM-2 Equivalent rounds CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 122 mm Smoke Type 54 Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Type 54 and Type 54-1. Uses Yan-2 fuze. Produces smoke for 40 to 50 seconds. Otherwise standard specifications EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Industry for Chemical Industries (F.81) Type: 122 mm Incendiary Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Howitzer D-30 . Weight of projectile given as 21.76 kg with filling weight (WP) 3.8 kg IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 122 mm Smoke Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Howitzer D-30 . Projectile weight given as 20.81 kg. Contains 2.2 kg of an unspecified smoke-producing material to produce smoke for a minimum of 50 seconds. Maximum range given as 15,600 mRead More
122 mm Illuminating S-463
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
122 mm Illuminating S-463
Armament 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ); NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 54-1 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 83; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30J ; Factory 100 D-30-M; 122 mm Saddam Howitzer; Hadid 122 mm Howitzer HM40. NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 54 and 54-1; NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 85 ; 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer M-1974 ( 2S1 ); Model 89 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer ; Hadid 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer HM51 ( Thunder 1 ). Development Originally developed for use with the 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ), the 122 mm Illuminating S-463 can also be used with 122 mm gun-howitzers of the D-30 and self-propelled M-1974 ( 2S1 - also known as the SO-122 or Gvozdika) type. Essentially similar 122 mm carrier projectiles containing propaganda leaflets are known as the 122 mm G-462 and G-463. These remain available from SN ROMARM SA of Romania . Description The 122 mm Illuminating S-463 is a separate loading round, with the projectile and cartridge case loaded separately so that, where appropriate, the propellant charges can be altered to suit the fire mission. The body of the 122 mm Illuminating S-463 projectile is forged steel with a relatively short streamlined ogive, a pronounced bourrelet and a distinct boat tail. There is a single copper drive band just under 21 mm wide. The main recognition of the S-463 compared with other 122 mm projectiles is the long T-7 mechanical time fuze threaded into the fuze cavity in the nose. The fuze is normally kept protected by a conical cover until it is required for setting. The T-7 mechanical time fuze is set to function as the 122 mm Illuminating S-463 projectile reaches a height of about 450 m above the target area. As the fuze functions it ignites a 20 g expulsion charge in a container inside the hollow ogive. The resultant pressure forces the illuminating body and its suspension parachute from the projectile, forcing off the base in the process, after retaining shear pins have been broken. The expulsion charge also ignites the illuminating compound. The illuminating body weighs 1 kg and burns for up to 25 seconds, producing white light with an intensity of 450,000 candela, as it descends. Rate of descent of the illuminating body is a maximum of 10 m/s. The 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ) ammunition system uses a `multisection' system of propelling charges. The total weight of the nitrocellulose powder charges is 2.2 kg, made from a system of nine bags. The basic charge, Charge 8, is a single-base charge bag. The system is built up until the Charge 1 stage is reached which is formed by the base charge bag, four equal section bag charges in a lower layer and three equal section bag charges in an upper layer. The Full Charge is produced by adding one further bag charge to the upper layer, making a total of nine bags in all, which are all held in place by a fibre cup. They are all contained in a brass cartridge case, 284 mm long and weighing 3.25 kg, with a brass percussion primer housing, 25 mm long, threaded into the centre of the base. It is possible to use a cartridge case issued with the Full Charge ready packed and with no facility to alter the charges. This charge system produces a range of muzzle velocities ranging from 205 m/s at the lower end (minimum range 5,350 m) up to the 515 m/s (maximum range 11,800 m) produced by the Full Charge. However, the maximum airburst/ejection range is 11,000 m. When the S-463 is fired from the 122 mm Howitzer D-30 or self-propelled 2S1 a longer brass or lacquered steel cartridge case (length 447 mm, weight (steel) 3.66 kg) is involved. This can contain nitrocellulose powder in a `Reduced Charge' form, containing five variable charge bags weighing a total of 2.43 kg, or a single prepacked Full Charge weighing 3.8 kg. The muzzle velocity using the Full Charge is 680 to 690 m/s and the maximum range 17,360 m. The maximum muzzle velocity using the `Reduced Charge' cartridge is 565 m/s and maximum range 15,300 m. Maximum airburst/ejection range will be less than these two figures. Authorised fuzes MT T-7 Equivalent rounds CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC MT CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 122 mm Illuminating Type 54 Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Type 54 and Type 54-1. Uses Shi-2 time fuze. Muzzle velocity given as 496 m/s. Otherwise standard specifications Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 122 mm Illuminating for D-30 Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm towed D-30 series and 2S1 self-propelled howitzers. Projectile weight is 21 kg and maximum projectile length 573 mm. The magnesium, sodium nitrate and binder illuminating body can produce 660,000 candela of yellow light for at least 60 seconds, descending at a rate of 7 m/s. Muzzle velocity is 683 m/s and maximum deployed range 14,500 m (minimum 4,000 m). Fitted with MT Shi-1 fuze EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Industry for Chemical Industries (F.81) Type: 122 mm Illuminating Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Howitzer M1939 ( M-30 ). Complete round weighs 29.804 kg and projectile 21.76 kg. Maximum range at muzzle velocity of 515 m/s is 11,800 m. Fitted with T-7 fuze. Produces 500,000 candela. May no longer be in production IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 122 mm Illuminating Description: Intended primarily for use with 122 mm Howitzer D-30 . Projectile weight given as 20.5 kg ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: 122 mm Illuminating Description: Intended for use with D-30 . Produces 800,000 candela. Also available is a 122 mm Propaganda projectile for firing from M-30 series howitzer; it carries 1 kg of leafletsRead More
130 mm Smoke DTs-1
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Egypt
130 mm Smoke DTs-1
Armament 130 mm Field Gun M-46 ; 130 mm Field Gun Type 59 and Type 59-1; Factory 100 M59-1M; 130 mm Gun Model 1982 . 130 mm Self-propelled Gun (Catapult); NORINCO 130 mm Self-propelled Gun. Development The 130 mm Smoke DTs-1 projectile is described as a Target Marker Smoke projectile and is entirely orthodox in construction and operation, unlike its Chinese NORINCO equivalent which relies on a system of 24 smoke canisters released on target. As far as can be determined, the 130 mm Smoke DTs-1 is no longer in production other than in Egypt , Iran and (possibly) Iraq , although stocks may remain in service with many 130 mm Field Gun M-46 users. The former Soviet Union developed at least two types of 130 mm Chemical projectile based on the 130 mm Smoke DTs-1. One projectile contained 1.6 kg of liquid GB (Sarin) scattered by a TNT burster charge after the nose-mounted impact fuze functioned. The other 130 mm Chemical projectile had a nose-mounted proximity fuze and contained 1.4 kg of VX. Both projectiles weighed 33.4 kg. Any remaining projectiles are scheduled for destruction. A 130 mm Chemical projectile filled with Mustard (H) agent and based on the standard 130 mm DTs-1 Smoke projectile, was developed by Iraq at the Al Muthanna State Establishment, but it did not reach the full production stage. Description The 130 mm Smoke DTs-1 is a separate loading munition, allowing the variable charges contained in a brass cartridge case to be varied to suit any particular fire mission. The projectile is forged steel and uses a conventional long-nosed streamlined outline with a nose fuze. There are two copper drive bands, each 25.4 mm wide and spaced 8.6 mm apart, encircling the body close to the flat base, which has a very slight boat-tailed profile. The filling is 3.23 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). When the all-steel point-detonating V-429 nose fuze strikes the ground, it ignites an RDX and Tetryl bursting charge in a tubular housing extending some two-thirds of the way down the projectile cavity. This breaks open the body walls and releases the white phosphorus which comes into contact with the atmosphere clouds and grey/white smoke is produced. The 70:30 drawn brass cartridge case is issued in two versions; Full Charge and Reduced propellant load. The Full Charge contains 13.5 kg of propellant loaded in a lower and upper bag, together with 2.5 kg of loose propellant in bundled stick form. An increment completes the Full Charge while removal of this increment creates Charge 1. The Reduced Charge weighs 6.75 kg and is supplied in a separate cartridge case. The top charge in the Reduced category is formed using the full complement of a base charge and two equal sized bags, forming Charge 2. Removal of one of the equal bags creates Charge 3 while removal of both equal bags, leaving only the base charge, creates Charge 4. A percussion primer is pressed into the cartridge case base to ignite both Full and Reduced propellant loads. The Full Charge produces a muzzle velocity of 930 m/s and provides a maximum range of 27,490 m. The Reduced charge, Charge 2, produces a muzzle velocity of 705 m/s and a range of 19,130 m. Authorised fuzes PD V-429 Equivalent rounds CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 130 mm Smoke WP Type 59 Description: Developed by NORINCO for the 130 mm Type 59-1 gun, this projectile uses 24 smoke canisters containing White Phosphorus (WP) with a minimum burning time of 200 seconds. The projectile weighs 32.47 kg and is 663 mm long. Muzzle velocity is 935 m/s and maximum range 27,000 m. Fitted with a SHI-1 fuze. NORINCO also produce a 130 mm Smoke WP projectile, with a unitary WP payload, weighing 33.4 kg and with a PD Liu-5 fuze. It can emit smoke for at least 48 seconds and create a smoke cloud 50 m wide EGYPT Manufacturer Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries (F.81) Type: 130 mm M/46 Smoke Description: Complete round weighs 58.7 kg and the projectile 33.4 kg. Filled with 3.35 kg of White Phosphorus (WP). Fitted with AU-18 fuze IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 130 mm Smoke Description: Projectile weight given as 32.5 kg. Otherwise standard specifications IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 130 mm Smoke Description: Standard specifications. May no longer be in production Manufacturer State factories Type: 130 mm Chemical Description: A 130 mm Chemical projectile containing a Mustard (H) agent was developed at the Al Muthanna State Establishment, 100 km to the northwest of Baghdad. This projectile was developed to the preproduction stage but was not mass produced. Any remaining examples are scheduled for destructionRead More
130 mm Illuminating SP-46
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
130 mm Illuminating SP-46
Armament 130 mm Field Gun M-46 ; 130 mm Field Gun Type 59 and Type 59-1; Factory 100 M59-1M; 130 mm Gun Model 1982 . 130 mm Self-propelled Gun (Catapult); NORINCO 130 mm Self-propelled Gun. Development The 130 mm Illuminating SP-46 projectile is little changed from when it was introduced into service at the same time as the 130 mm Field Gun M-46 during the early 1950s. It has been produced with some slight variations, for example some early projectiles used two drive bands, but it is no longer manufactured in the RFAS. However, a variant is still manufactured by NORINCO of China for the 130 mm Type 59-1 gun. Description The body of the 130 mm Illuminating SP-46 is forged steel and it is shorter than other 130 mm projectiles. The nose is long and streamlined and the bourrelet is more pronounced than on other 130 mm projectiles. A single copper driving band, 23.87 mm wide, encircles the body. The base is flat and there is no boat tail. The projectile baseplate is held in place by two shear pins and the base has three balancing holes, creating an imbalance to ensure a clean removal from the projectile rear when required. The nose fuze cavity is occupied by an aluminium TM-16L or VM-60 time fuze. When the fuze functions, ideally 700 m over the target area, it ignites a 780 g black powder ejector charge in a light metal container located under the fuze well. The resultant internal pressures force down on the contents to push off the projectile base and eject the illuminating flare, which is also ignited by the ejector charge. Once the flare is out of the projectile body a single main parachute deploys to stabilise the flare canister and descend at a rate of approximately 10 m/s. The flare contains 2.38 kg of a magnesium-based illuminating composition which creates a white light with an intensity of 500,000 candela for up to 40 seconds. The 70:30 drawn brass cartridge case is issued in two versions; Full Charge and Reduced propellant load. Full Charge contains 13.5 kg of propellant loaded in a lower and upper bag, together with 2.5 kg of loose propellant in bundled stick form. An increment completes the Full Charge while removal of this increment creates Charge 1. The Reduced Charge weighs 6.75 kg and is supplied in a separate cartridge case. The top charge in the Reduced category is formed using the full complement of a base charge and two equal sized bags, forming Charge 2. Removal of one of the equal bags creates Charge 3 while removal of both equal bags, leaving only the base charge, creates Charge 4. A percussion primer is pressed into the cartridge case base to ignite both Full and Reduced propellant loads. The Full Charge produces a muzzle velocity of 930 m/s and provides a maximum range of 27,490 m. The maximum range at which the flare can be deployed is approximately 25,000 m, and the minimum is about 6,000 m. Authorised fuzes MT TM-16L or VM-60 Equivalent rounds CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 130 mm Illuminating Type 59 Description: Developed by NORINCO for the 130 mm Type 59-1 gun, this projectile is based on the 130 mm FRAG-HE body and is therefore longer (663 mm) than the 130 mm Illuminating SP-46, with two copper drive bands. Weight is 29.1 kg and the illuminating flare (magnesium, barium nitrate and binder) weighs 1.96 kg, burning for at least 40 seconds. Muzzle velocity given as 950 m/s and maximum range 24,500 m. Fitted with Shi-1 or MS-1 time fuze IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 130 mm Illuminating Description: Projectile weight given as 32.5 kg. Otherwise standard specifications IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 130 mm Illuminating Description: Apparently standard specifications. May no longer be in productionRead More
155 mm extended range full-bore smoke WP
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
155 mm extended range full-bore smoke WP
Armament Towed 155 mm howitzers: NORICUM GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; SRC International GC 45; NORINCO Type WA 021 and Type GM-45 ; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P, 845P, Upgraded M-46 and M114S ; Otobreda 155/39; KH179 ; RDM M139 and M114/39 ; STK FH-88 and FH-2000; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers; Bofors FH-77B ; Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer; M46/84 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; NORINCO PLZ45 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; Giat Industries CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Majnoon ( Iraq ); Soltam Rascal and Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; XT-69 ( Taiwan ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M109A4, M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Development The 155 mm ERFB Smoke WP is a bursting projectile, developed alongside the 155 mm HE ERFB projectiles as they use what is virtually the same body. The 155 mm ERFB and ERFB-BB versions are produced in Europe by Eurometaal while those once produced in South Africa are now available on an `as required' basis. Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore also produce a 155 mm ERFB Smoke WP, as does the Austrian NORICUM. Description The 155 mm ERFB Smoke WP has the same general outline and overall dimensions as other 155 mm ERFB projectiles, and uses a one-piece high-grade steel body. The streamlined ogive reaches almost to the copper or gilding metal drive band and plastic obturator band close to the base. The drag reduction base unit is a steel component with an external cavity on the ERFB version while the base on the ERFB-BB is occupied by a steel base bleed unit. The fuze well at the nose is normally occupied by a lifting plug during storage, transport and handling. On the 155 mm Smoke WP versions of the ERFB, the fuze well takes the form of a steel adaptor screwed into the nose of the body at the base of which is threaded a steel or light-alloy burster tube running the entire length of the body interior. The burster tube contains an explosive, typically 234 g of Composition B5 which, when detonated by the functioning of the PD fuze (typically a PD M572), is sufficient to break open the steel casing of the projectile body dispersing the contents, typically 7.6 kg of WP. As the WP contacts the air it ignites to produce a dense cloud of white smoke which lasts for approximately 60 seconds. South African 155 mm ERFB projectiles may be converted in the field, to remove boat tails from ERFB projectiles and fit base bleed units to produce ERFB-BB projectiles. The process is carried out using a projectile clamping table. The same table can also be used to remove damaged obturators and fit new ones. The table can be folded flat and weighs 25 kg. To take full advantage of the range potential of 155 mm ERFB and ERFB-BB Smoke WP projectiles they are usually fired with high-energy charges, typically the NATO M3A1 (zones 3, 4 and 5), M4A2 (zones 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), M119A1 (zone 8), M203 (zone 9) or the M11 (zone 10), the latter being restricted to 45 calibre barrels or longer. The propelling system for the LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 gun-howitzers originally involved a three-charge cloth bag system. This has been replaced by a modular system involving combustible cases, developed by SOMCHEM , with a built-in charge retaining device. The system may be used with ERFB and (above the basic Charge 2) ERFB-BB projectiles and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. The lowest charge for the Denel modular charge system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 1 M51 . The combustible container for this charge is red and contains single-base granular propellant. The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 2.3 kg, is 211 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. The next charge is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 2 M52 . The combustible case is blue and houses triple-base propellant cords. The diameter at the front of the case is reduced to allow it to friction fit into the rear of a Charge 2 increment (see below). The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 5.6 kg, is 373 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. This modular system continues with the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Increment M52 . One or two of these increments can be added to the normal Charge 2. Charge 2 plus one increment can be used with boat tailed ERFB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Charge 2 plus two increments can be used with ERFB, ERFB-BB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Each increment is contained in a green combustible case containing triple-base propellant cords. The igniter consists of 60 g of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 4 kg, is 289 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. The top charge of the modular system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 3 M53 . The charge is contained in a purple (jacaranda) combustible case containing triple-base tubular propellant. The igniter consists of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 17.1 kg, is 930 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. All charges are ignited by the Tube Percussion M82 which contains 1.4 to 1.5 g of gunpowder. The tube is 49.37 mm long with a diameter over the rim of 15.24 mm. With this system the following ballistic performances can be achieved using a 45 calibre barrel: Charge 1 - MV 350 ±5 m/s - max range 9,100 m Charge 2 - MV 483 ±5 m/s - max range 13,400 m Charge 2 + 1 increment - MV 645 ±5 m/s - max range 19,000 m Charge 2 + 2 increments - MV 795 ±5 m/s - max range 25,400 m Charge 2 + 2 increments + BB - MV 789 ±5 m/s - max range 31,000 m Charge 3, standard shell - MV 897 ±5 m/s - max range 30,200 m Charge 3 + BB - MV 895 ±5 m/s - max range 39,000 m. This modular charge system has now been replaced by one involving up to six M62A1 combustible modular charges all with the same content and meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics MoU. The charges are produced by SOMCHEM and can be used with ordnance up to 52 calibres long. Other similar modular charge systems could be employed. One-piece Combustible Cartridge Cases (CCC) have been developed for use with 155 mm ERFB projectiles. A typical example is the C30 charge manufactured by Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore . The C30 contains 14 kg of triple-base propellant, is 770 mm long and has a diameter of 160 mm. It will provide a range of 30,000 m using a 39 calibre barrel and 40,000 m using a 45 calibre barrel. One further charge developed for use with 39 and 45 calibre barrels firing 155 mm ERFB projectiles is the Propelling Charge No 16 produced by Eurometaal NV of the Netherlands. This is a separate loading single-bag charge of single-base nitrocellulose CH21 propellant with a 50 g clean-burning igniter in a red cloth bag sewn onto the base. The charge incorporates a central igniter core and a flash reducer containing 250 g of potassium sulphate. A wear-reducing and decoppering liner are sewn to the inner surface of the bag. The complete charge weighs 13.12 kg of which 12.12 kg is the CH21 propellant. It is 764 mm long. A typical range for the 155 mm ERFB Smoke WP when fired from 45 calibre barrels is 30,000 m. When fired from 45-calibre barrels a typical 155 mm ERFB-BB Smoke WP projectile can reach 39,000 m. Authorised fuzes PD M557, M78 series, M572, M739 and Fuchs PD M841 MTSQ M564, M582A1 Prox M514 series, Fuchs M8513 Electronic NINA, ZELAR, Fuchs M8611 and so on Equivalent projectiles CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm ERFB Smoke WP Description: Fitted with PD M739 fuze. Emits smoke for 55 to 65 seconds. Projectile weight is 46.5 kg and muzzle velocity 795.5 m/s. Maximum range given as 26,000 m (ERFB) NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm ERFB and ERFB-BB Smoke WP Description: Specifications as text. Available for production. Propelling charge No 16 also produced SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm ERFB-HB-WP, ERFB-BB-WP Description: Standard specifications. C30 unitary CCC also produced. ERFB-HB-WP range from 39-calibre barrels given as 24,400 m. ERFB-BB-WP range from 39 calibre barrels given as 30,500 m SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Limited ( SWARTKLIP ) Type: 155 mm ERFB or ERFB-BB M1 WP Description: Specifications as text. Developed for LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 artillery systems. Production as required SWITZERLAND Manufacturer NORICUM Type: SEN-155 mm WP-Smoke Description: Marketed by T & T Technology Trading Limited. Weight with boat tail 48 kg and BB 50 kg. Fuzed PD M739 or ET DM 52Read More
155 mm extended range full-bore illuminating
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
155 mm extended range full-bore illuminating
Armament Towed 155 mm howitzers: NORICUM GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; SRC International GC 45; NORINCO Type WA 021 and Type GM-45 ; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P, 845P, Upgraded M-46 and M114S ; Otobreda 155/39; KH179 ; RDM M139 and M114/39 ; STK FH-88 and FH-2000; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers; Bofors FH-77B ; Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer; M46/84 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; NORINCO PLZ45 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; Giat Industries CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Majnoon ( Iraq ); Soltam Rascal and Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; XT-69 ( Taiwan ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M109A4, M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Development The 155 mm ERFB Illuminating projectiles are variants of the 155 mm ERFB Cargo projectile but contain a single parachute-suspended flare body, the output of which varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. For example, `European' 155 mm Illuminating projectiles produced by Eurometaal NV are claimed to produce 2 Mcd while South African projectiles produce a nominal 1 Mcd. During 1996, India placed a contract with Denel of South Africa for a total of 50,000 rounds of 155 mm ERFB ammunition. The contract was worth approximately Rs840 million (US$24.1 million) and included 5,000 Illuminating rounds at a reported price of US$800-900 each. Description While the outline of the 155 mm ERFB Illuminating projectile is the same as the 155 mm HE ERFB, the Illuminating projectile is manufactured in three parts. The main body is manufactured in two halves, with the aluminium forward section threading into the main forged steel body without disturbing the constant outline of the streamlined ogive. On the 155 mm ERFB Illuminating the base unit is a steel drag reduction boat tail component with a cavity. The 155 mm ERFB-BB Illuminating projectile base is closed by a Base Bleed (BB) unit. The hollow interior of the projectile body contains the flare body, the main parachute compressed into a light metal liner and a drogue parachute. These are all contained in a cylindrical light metal sleeve to assist smooth ejection. The nose of the projectile is normally occupied by a lifting plug but this is replaced by an MT, MTSQ or electronic fuze before firing. As the fuze functions it ignites an expulsion charge beneath the fuze body. As the expulsion charge detonates it also produces `spit back' through the hollow interior of the upper ogive and ignites a small pellet on an adaptor, part of an assembly screwed over the base of the flare body to form a top cover for the outer light metal sleeve. The pellet in its turn initiates a pyrotechnic delay, this burns as the internal pressures created by the expulsion charge push the contents downwards on the baseplate or base bleed unit to force it from the body. As the light metal sleeve and its contents emerge from the base, the drogue parachute deploys to ensure the rest of the sleeve assembly and its contents are pulled clear of the projectile body while at the same time providing an initial anti-spin and orientation function. After a short delay the pyrotechnic train reaches a black powder igniter pad, which detonates to initiate the magnesium-based flare composition and ejects the flare body and the main parachute from the sleeve assembly. The main parachute deploys and suspends the flare body as it starts to burn creating a wide area of illumination for a minimum of 90 seconds. South African 155 mm ERFB projectiles may be converted in the field, to remove boat tails from ERFB projectiles and fit base bleed units to produce ERFB-BB projectiles. The process is carried out using a projectile clamping table. The same table can also be used to remove damaged obturators and fit new ones. The table can be folded flat and weighs 25 kg. To take full advantage of the range potential of 155 mm ERFB and ERFB-BB Illuminating projectiles they are usually fired with high-energy charges, typically the NATO M3A1 (zones 3, 4 and 5), M4A2 (zones 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), M119A1 (zone 8), M203 (zone 9) or the M11 (zone 10), the latter being restricted to 45 calibre or longer barrels. The propelling system for the LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 gun-howitzers originally involved a three-charge cloth bag system. This has been replaced by a modular system, developed by SOMCHEM , involving combustible cases with a built-in charge retaining device. The system may be used with ERFB and (above the basic Charge 2) ERFB-BB projectiles and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. The lowest charge for the Denel modular charge system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 1 M51 . The combustible container for this charge is red and contains single-base granular propellant. The igniter is a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 2.3 kg, is 211 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. The next charge is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 2 M52 . The combustible case is blue and houses triple-base propellant cords. The diameter at the front of the case is reduced to allow it to friction fit into the rear of a Charge 2 increment (see below). The igniter is a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 5.6 kg, is 373 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. This modular system continues with the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Increment M52 . One or two of these increments can be added to the normal Charge 2. Charge 2 plus one increment can be used with boat tailed ERFB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Charge 2 plus two increments can be used with ERFB, ERFB-BB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Each increment is contained in a green combustible case which consists of triple-base propellant cords. The igniter contains 60 g of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 4 kg, is 289 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. The top charge of the modular system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 3 M53 . The charge is contained in a purple (jacaranda) combustible case containing triple base tubular propellant. The igniter contains G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 17.1 kg, is 930 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. All charges are ignited by the Tube Percussion M82 containing 1.4 to 1.5 g of gunpowder. The tube is 49.37 mm long with a diameter over the rim of 15.24 mm. With this system the following ballistic performances can be achieved using a 45 calibre barrel: Charge 1 - MV 350 ±5 m/s - max range 9,100 m Charge 2 - MV 483 ±5 m/s - max range 13,400 m Charge 2 + 1 increment - MV 645 ±5 m/s - max range 19,000 m Charge 2 + 2 increments - MV 795 ±5 m/s - max range 25,400 m Charge 2 + 2 increments + BB - MV 789 ±5 m/s - max range 31,000 m Charge 3, standard shell - MV 897 ±5 m/s - max range 30,200 m Charge 3 + BB - MV 895 ±5 m/s - max range 39,000 m. This modular charge system has now been replaced by one involving up to six M62A1 combustible modular charges all with the same content and meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics MoU. The charges are produced by SOMCHEM and can be used with ordnance up to 52 calibres long. Other similar modular charge systems could be employed. A typical range for the 155 mm ERFB Illuminating projectile when fired from 45 calibre barrels is 30,000 m and a typical 155 mm ERFB-BB Illuminating projectile can reach 39,000 m. Authorised fuzes MTSQ M577 series Electronic NINA, ZELAR, Fuchs M8611 and so on Equivalent projectiles CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm ERFB-BB Illuminating Description: Provides more than 1.3 Mcd for 80 seconds (yellow light). Maximum range 24,000 m and muzzle velocity 792 m/s (Zone 9). Projectile is 960 mm long and weight 45.8 kg. Fitted with MTSQ M577 fuze. A variant, which may be a later development, produces 1.15 Mcd for approximately 75 seconds while descending at a velocity of around 4.5 m/s; this version weighs 46.23 kg NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm ERFB and ERFB-BB Illuminating Description: Specifications as text. Available for production. Propelling charge No 16 also produced SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer Denel (Pty) Limited ( SWARTKLIP ) Type: Shell 155 mm Illuminating BE M1 Description: Specifications as text. Produced for LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 artillery systems and marketed by Denel SWITZERLAND Manufacturer NORICUM Type: SEN-155 mm Illuminating Description: Marketed by T & T Technology Trading Limited. Produces 2 Mcd for 90 seconds. Weight 48.5 kg and length 957 mmRead More
85 mm HEAT-FS BK-2M
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
China
85 mm HEAT-FS BK-2M
Armament 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 ; 85 mm Auxiliary-propelled Field Gun SD-44 ; 85 mm M1944 ZIS-S-53 tank gun; 85 mm Field Gun Type 56 ; 85 mm Field Gun M52 and M52/55 . Development First appearing in 1969, the 85 mm HEAT-FS BK-2 and BK-2M were the first of the Soviet HEAT-FS rounds to be issued. The BK-2M does not appear to have been distributed on a large scale within the former Soviet armed forces and is apparently no longer in service with them. This round is still available from Romania where it has been manufactured by ROMARM, although series production is no longer carried out. A generally similar round is produced in China by NORINCO. Also likely to be encountered are the generally similar HEAT-FS BR-367P and BR-367PZ, developed in Poland . These rounds have projectiles weighing 5.3 kg and can penetrate 180 mm of armour at 1,000 m. All these rounds have a secondary function against fixed structures such as field fortifications. Description The 85 mm HEAT-FS BK-2M is normally loaded as a fixed piece of ammunition, although it is apparently possible to remove the projectile from its brass cartridge case on some versions - other versions have the projectile assembly crimped to the cartridge case. The body of the projectile is steel and is provided with a single 24.7 mm wide slipping drive band made of sintered iron. The nose of the 85 mm HEAT-FS BK-2M is conical and carries a prominent impact sensor. The steel body contains 920 to 970 g of A-IX-1 (RDX/Wax) contained behind a conical metal liner. An internal connection between the nose-mounted impact fuze and the GPV-2 base detonating element is used to initiate the main charge and form a high-temperature particle jet to penetrate the target. The base of the projectile carries a tubular steel boom carrying six forward-folding fins which snap out to provide a fin span of 336.55 mm for flight stabilisation. The ends of the fins have angled vanes which impart a slow rotation to assist in aerodynamic stabilisation. A No 9 tracer element housing is located in the base of the tubular boom. The lacquered steel or brass cartridge case contains 2.047 kg of 12/1 Tr and 11/7 stick and granualar propellant providing a muzzle velocity of 840 to 850 m/s. It has been stated that the warhead can penetrate approximately 300 mm of armour at any range. The maximum practical direct fire range is stated to be 910 m. Other 85 mm rounds produced that are likely to be encountered include the 85 mm Smoke D-367, the Smoke D-2 (complete round weight 16 kg, projectile weight 9.54 kg), TP/Prac PBP-367 and Blank MK-365. Also produced were water-filled cartridges fired to make gun recoil mechanisms operate in maintenance or confined areas, examples being the 85 mm Zh-365 and the East German HOF-1. Authorised fuzes PIBD GPV-2 Equivalent rounds CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 85 mm HEAT-FS Description: Developed for use with 85 mm gun Type 56. The projectile weighs 12.5 kg, 647 g of which is the RDX/TNT 50:50 filling. Muzzle velocity is 845 m/s and direct fire range 970 m. The warhead can penetrate 100 mm set at an angle of 65º. Fitted with PIBD Dian-1A fuze ROMANIA Manufacturer SN ROMARM SA Type: HEAT BK-2M Description: No longer in series production. Standard specificationsRead More
7.62 × 25 mm
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
South Africa
7.62 × 25 mm
Synonyms 7.62 mm Tokarev ; 7.62 Soviet pistol; 7.62 Russian; 0.30 Mauser; 7.63 × 25mm Armament Tokarev TT33 automatic pistol; various obsolete Soviet sub-machine guns (PPD, PPSh, PPS ); Chinese Type 85 sub-machine gun and Type 80 pistol. Current pistols and submachine guns chambered for this cartridge include the Russian A-7.62. Most pistols and sub-machine guns chambered for the 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge will probably operate satisfactorily with this round and vice versa. Development This cartridge actually began life as the 7.63 mm Mauser automatic pistol cartridge. It was taken into use by the Russian forces in the early 1900s and the pistol remained popular with the Bolshevik armies, one model being produced specifically for the Soviet government. As a result manufacture of the Mauser cartridge began in Russia , and when in due course the Tokarev automatic pistol was developed, it was designed around the Mauser cartridge. For manufacturing convenience the barrel of the Tokarev was 7.62 mm calibre, thus the Soviet cartridge lost its Mauser designation and became known as the 7.62 mm Tokarev. The dimensional differences between the Soviet round and the original Mauser specifications are minute and largely due to the manufacturing processes. It can therefore be expected that any weapon originally using the Mauser cartridge will work with the Soviet pattern and vice versa. This cartridge has been manufactured in China and various countries of the former Warsaw Pact, but always to the Soviet specification. The Chinese pattern (below) is stated to be for the automatic pistols Type 54 and Type 80 and for the Type 85 light sub-machine gun. Like the 7.63 × 25 mm cartridge from which it is derived, the 7.62 × 25 mm performs very well against soft body armour and light metal, such as automobile bodies. This cartridge has seen new interest in Russia in recent years because it has excellent capability against soft body armour. Description The case is rimless and bottlenecked. The standard ball bullet is round-nosed and lead cored with a steel jacket. CHINA Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: Type 51: FMJ; 5.6 g; MV 420 m/s AP Type 64: FMJ; cartridge weight 12.13-13.03 g; MV 285-305 m/s; specifically for use in Type 64 and 85 sub-machine guns CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Sellier & Bellot Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.5 g; MV 420 m/s RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer Government arsenals Type: Ball P: FMJ; 5.57 g; MV 455 m/s AP incendiary P-41: For sub-machine guns; 4.79 g; steel-jacketed bullet with hard steel core and incendiary composition in the nose Tracer PT: Also for sub-machine guns; lead-cored bullet with base tracer SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer New Generation Ammunition (Pty) Ltd Type: Ball : FMJ; 5.57 g; MV 442 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.5 g; MV 520 m/s Ball: JHP; 5.5 g; MV 522 m/sRead More
60 mm HE bomb M61A
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Chile
60 mm HE bomb M61A
Armament Any 60 mm mortar. Development By FAMAE , based on the Hotchkiss-Brandt ( TDA ) M61 pattern. Description A cast-iron bomb of teardrop shape. The nose is rather more ogival than is common in this shape, and has five gas check grooves at the bourrelet. The tail unit is of extruded and machined aluminium alloy and screws into the rear of the body. The usual primary cartridge fits into the tail tube and four secondary charges in plastic capsules clip into slots in the forward edges of the fins; a further secondary charge in horseshoe form fits around the short tailboom in front of the fins. Manufacturer FAMAE .Read More
81 mm HE bomb M57
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Chile
81 mm HE bomb M57
Armament All 81 mm mortars. Development By FAMAE , based upon TDA M57 pattern. Description A cast-iron, teardrop-shaped bomb with an ogival nose closed by an adaptor forming the exploder container. The 10-fin tail unit is of extruded aluminium alloy and contains a primary cartridge in the tail tube and up to six secondary charges in horseshoe-shaped plastic containers, which clip around the tail tube above the fins. Manufacturer FAMAE .Read More
120 mm HE bomb 44/66
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Chile
120 mm HE bomb 44/66
Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By FAMAE , based upon the TDA M44/66 pattern. Description A forged steel bomb of conventional shape, with light-alloy tailboom and fins. The nose is threaded for the fuze and a light exploder container is pressed into the filling. A primary cartridge fits into the tailboom and seven secondary increments fit around it in horseshoe containers. Manufacturer FAMAE .Read More
35 × 228 mm AHEAD ammunition
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
35 × 228 mm AHEAD ammunition
Armament All Oerlikon Contraves 35 mm KD series cannon including: GDF-001, GDF-002 and GDF-005 automatic anti-aircraft guns (Switzerland); Gepard (Germany) and CA 1 (Netherlands) twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft guns; Type 87 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( Japan ); ZA-35 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( South Africa ); Denel 35DPG naval gun ( South Africa ); LIW EMAK ( South Africa ); Marconi Marksman twin 35 mm anti-aircraft turret (UK); OE/OTO 35 mm naval mounting (Italy); Boeing Company Bushmaster III (USA); GMD-A twin 35 mm naval mounting (Switzerland); 35/1000 revolver cannon; Millenium 35/1000 naval gun system (UK); SkyShield 35 ; Skoda 35 mm SPAAG ( Czech Republic ). NORINCO of China manufactures the Twin 35 mm Towed AA Gun System, a licence-produced version of the Oerlikon Contraves GDF-002 . Development The codename AHEAD (Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction), refers to a new generation of 35 × 228 mm ammunition. It was intended to expand the defensive capability of medium calibre air defence guns in response to the anticipated threat from precision-guided munitions, missiles and other high-technology weaponry. Although originally developed for the 35 mm calibre the concept could be expanded to other calibres. The AHEAD concept also has applications against armoured land targets such as APCs and similar vehicles. Development of the AHEAD concept by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG commenced during the late 1980s, with the first public presentation of the concept being given in mid-1991. By October 1992, the first firing demonstration was given, followed by a further live firing demonstration against towed air targets in September 1993. More successful live firing demonstrations against drone targets followed. AHEAD is fully developed and in production, available for use with the 35/1000 revolver cannon which is part of the Oerlikon Contraves SkyShield 35 air defence system and the Millenium 35/1000 naval air defence system. During 1996, Canada became the first NATO customer for AHEAD, when it acquired upgrade kits for its 20 GDF-005 air defence guns; with the Canadian air defence batteries it was initially intended that AHEAD ammunition will replace HEI in the air defence role. Oman is known to be another AHEAD user. The AHEAD round remains one of the ammunition types under consideration for use with the South African Denel 35DPG dual-purpose naval gun. AHEAD ammunition is also proposed for use with the Czech Skoda 35 mm SPAAG on a TATRA T815 8 × 8 wheeled chassis; this system carries an unmanned mounting similar to that used by the Oerlikon Contraves SkyShield 35 . Trials have been held to determine the effects of AHEAD ammunition on armoured ground targets. Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG have proposed that AHEAD technologies could form part of future modernisation programmes involving both air defence and ground-to-ground 30 mm cannon systems. See entry on the 30 × 173 mm Air Brusting Munition (ABM) in the Cannon section. AHEAD technology is also involved in the time-fuze system employed with the 40 mm Air Bursting Munition System (ABMS) for a wide range of 40 mm automatic high-velocity grenade launchers. The ABMS is produced by Singapore Technologies Kinetics (ST Kinetics). Oerlikon Contraves, including Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, is now a member of Rheinmetall DeTec AG . Description 35 mm AHEAD rounds are fixed, as other 35 × 228 mm Oerlikon ammunition and are handled and loaded in the same way. The 35 × 228 mm AHEAD round, Oerlikon designation PMD062, uses a heavy metal payload projectile with a programmable base fuze. The fuze contains an advanced high-precision timer that will detonate a forward firing ejection charge according to how it is programmed. The timer is programmed after it has passed through a triple-coil muzzle velocity gauge as the projectile leaves the gun muzzle. Muzzle safety for the projectile is more than 60 m. As the projectile passes through the first two coils, set 100 mm apart, its exact velocity is determined and processed together with target information supplied by the fire-control system computer. The exact projectile flying time is calculated to thousandths of a second and imparted by electro-induction to the programmable base fuze as the projectile passes through a third coil. The high-precision time module in the fuze will then signal the fuze to function and detonate the less than 1 g ejection charge at a given distance in front of the target, forming a cone of 152 tungsten alloy subprojectile pellets which are directed towards the target. One 25-round burst can produce a `swarm' containing 3,800 tungsten alloy pellets covering an expected target position. If the fuze fails to function for any reason, it will self-destruct after 8.19 seconds, an equivalent range of approximately 5,000 m. The spin-stabilised subprojectiles (the spin rate is about 1,000 rps) were design calculated to be capable of defeating any missile, drone or remotely piloted vehicle by kinetic energy alone, whatever front-end armour they might possess. Each cylindrical tungsten alloy subprojectile weighs 3.3 g. The complete payload is stacked in eight layers, with each layer containing 19 subprojectiles. A practice round with a totally inert projectile is available for gun testing. Authorised fuzes ET - integral, see text Equivalent rounds CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: AHEAD C141 Description: Standard specifications.Read More
35 × 228 mm Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG
Ammunition, Missiles and precision weaponsAmmunition, Missiles and precision weapons
Canada
35 × 228 mm Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG
Armament All Oerlikon Contraves 35 mm KD series cannon including: GDF-002 and GDF-005 automatic anti-aircraft guns (Switzerland); Gepard (Germany) and CA 1 (Netherlands) twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft guns; Type 87 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( Japan ); ZA-35 twin 35 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ( South Africa ); Denel 35DPG naval gun ( South Africa ); LIW EMAK ( South Africa ); Marconi Marksman twin 35 mm anti-aircraft turret (UK); OE/OTO 35 mm naval mounting (Italy); Boeing Company Bushmaster III (USA); GMD-A twin 35 mm naval mounting (Switzerland); 35/1000 revolver cannon; Millenium 35/1000 naval gun system (UK); SkyShield 35 ; Skoda 35 mm SPAAG ( Czech Republic ). NORINCO of China manufactures the Twin 35 mm Towed AA Gun System, a licence-produced version of the Oerlikon Contraves GDF-002 . Development The 35 × 228 mm Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec Break-Up ammunition was originally designed and developed by NWM De Kruithoorn to provide training for Oerlikon Contraves 35 mm air defence gun crews in the handling, feeding and firing of live ammunition without the corresponding requirement for large ranges and safety areas. Production and sales rights have now been taken over by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG. Factors such as sound, flash and smoke are the same for real ammunition and gun mechanisms function normally. Simulated targets, such as live aircraft, can be fired at without any danger of the target being hit as the projectiles fired break up into harmless plastic fragments and powder particles after travelling a maximum distance of less than 100 m. Oerlikon Contraves, including Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG, is now a member of Rheinmetall DeTec AG . Description The Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec Break-Up round, used to simulate operational 35 × 228 mm Oerlikon rounds, resembles a TP round in appearance and handling. It is therefore a fixed round using a steel cartridge case and the usual primer, together with the usual propellant charge. The 35 mm Break-Up projectile consists of a thin plastic jacket made from two parts, friction welded together. The core of the projectile contains specially treated pressed iron powder in tablet form for much of the shell body interior and loose in the base. The nose of the projectile contains a polystyrene foam core. The projectile is glued into the cartridge case mouth after the insertion of a felt disc to provide a separation between the propellant and the glue and to protect the base of the projectile against heat when firing. On firing, the projectile passes up the bore and initial spin is imparted by a moulded white nylon drive band. As centrifugal forces increase, the iron powder filling attempts to migrate outwards but the barrel walls supporting the projectile's plastic jacket prevent any outward movement. The projectile jacket remains intact until it leaves the muzzle. Internal forces then cause the jacket to rupture longitudinally along fluted serrations. The serrations cause the jacket to open up completely and create maximum drag so that it will only travel a short distance. The iron powder filling flows from the ruptured jacket and spreads over the ground close to the gun muzzle. The maximum safety area in front of the gun muzzle required by the 35 mm Break-Up round is 100 m long and 45 m wide. Authorised fuzes None involved Equivalent rounds CANADA CANADA Manufacturer SNC TEC Type: Break-Up C121 Description: Standard specifications.Read More
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