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Каталог оборонних продуктів — Сторінка 158

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81 mm HE bomb LD
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm HE bomb LD
Armament Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG. Description This is the same as the HE70 bomb described previously, except that the secondary charges comprise six equal sized increments instead of three large and three small, giving an increase in the ballistic performance. Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
81 mm smoke bomb RP-S Mk 3
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm smoke bomb RP-S Mk 3
Armament Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG. Description This bomb uses a cylindrical aluminium body, with a light-alloy tail unit. The bomb contains a filling of Red Phosphorus (RP) composition formulated to produce the optimum smoke cloud. It will develop a low-lying cloud for a longer period than is possible with the more usual White Phosphorus (WP) filling. Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
81 mm HE bomb HE70/Mk4
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm HE bomb HE70/Mk4
Armament HP mortar M8-111 , M8-211 , Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG. Description The streamlined body is of spheroidal graphitic cast iron; at the rear end is a tail tube and six fins of extruded aluminium alloy. A plastic obturating ring is fitted into a groove at the bourrelet, giving excellent gas sealing and ballistic regularity, and is discarded as the bomb leaves the muzzle of the mortar. A primary cartridge is screwed into the tail tube and six (three large and three small) (normal charge) or seven (Super charge) horseshoe secondary charges clip around the tail tube above the fins. Specifications (Mk4 in parentheses) Length: fuzed - 487 mm (490 mm) unfuzed - (430 mm) Weight, fuzed: 4.15 kg Weight and type of payload: 750 g TNT Number of charges: P + 6, 1,165 mm barrel; (P + 7, 1,365 mm barrel) Fuze: impact SQ and delay DM 113A3 Max range: 5,300 m (6,700 m in 1,365 mm barrel) Chamber pressure: Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
81 mm smoke bomb HC/HC-Smoke Mk3
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm smoke bomb HC/HC-Smoke Mk3
Armament HP mortar M8-111 , M8-211 , Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG, to provide a smoke bomb giving a more dense screen without the incendiary risk of phosphorus-based bombs. Description This uses a similar body and tail unit to the illuminating bomb, though with a slightly shorter nose. A time fuze ignites an expelling charge at the required point and also ignites the smoke canisters, which are loaded with hexachlorethane/zinc mixture. The nose cap is blown off and the canisters expelled, falling to the ground to emit smoke. Specifications (Mk3 in parentheses) Length, fuzed: 625 mm (614 mm) Length, fuzed: 552 mm Weight, fuzed: 4.3 kg (3.8 kg) Weight and type of payload: 1.55 kg hexachloroethane Number of charges: P + 6, 1,165 mm barrel; P + 6, 1,356 mm barrel Max range: 5,560 m, 1.17 m barrel; 5,850 m, 1.45 m barrel - to point of ejection; (5,800 m, 1,365 mm barrel) Min range: 550 m, 1.17 m barrel; 650 m, 1.45 m barrel (Charge P + 1; to point of ejection) Muzzle velocity: 326 m/s, 1,365 mm barrel Chamber pressure: Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
81 mm illuminating bomb ILL Mk 3
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm illuminating bomb ILL Mk 3
Armament HP Mortar M8-111 , M8-211 , Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG. Description This uses the same tubular aluminium body as the Red Phosphorus (RP) smoke bombs, but has the ogive pinned in place and carries a time fuze in the nose. Inside the body is the usual flare container and parachute. At the set time the fuze ignites the flare and fires an expelling charge which removes the ogive and allows the parachute and flare to be ejected. Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
81 mm smoke/incendiary bomb RPI Mk 3
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
81 mm smoke/incendiary bomb RPI Mk 3
Armament Tampella, UK L16A1 , US M29 and similar 81 mm mortars. Development By Hirtenberger AG. Description This uses the same aluminium body as the RP-S smoke bomb, the difference being that the filling is formulated to provide a greater fire raising capability while still producing a useful amount of screening smoke. Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
120 mm smoke bomb HC-93/HC Mk2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
120 mm smoke bomb HC-93/HC Mk2
Armament HP Mortar M12-222, M12-3222 and all 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By Hirtenberger. Description This bomb outwardly resembles the 120 mm HE Mk2 and WP Mk 2 smoke bombs. It has a cast-iron body with six gas check grooves around the bourrelet but differs in internal construction. The payload is a canister of hexachloroethane smoke composition, which is ejected by the action of a time fuze and expelling charge. The tail unit and propelling charge are those of the WP smoke bomb. Specifications (Mk2 in parentheses) Length: fuzed - 749 mm (750 mm) unfuzed - 687 mm Weight, fuzed: 14.3 kg in flight Weight and type of payload: 2.51 kg hexachlorethane Number of charges: P + 7 Fuze: mechanical time Max range: 7,900 m (8,150 m, 1,535 mm barrel) Min range: 500 m Muzzle velocity: (377 m/s, 1,535 mm barrel) Chamber pressure: to 120 mPa Height of burst: 350 m Duration of smoke effect: > 180 s (min 150 s) Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
120 mm smoke bomb WP-93/WP Mk2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
120 mm smoke bomb WP-93/WP Mk2
Armament All 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By Hirtenberger for Austrian service mortars and general use. Description This is essentially the same bomb as the HE-LD 93/Mk2 (qv). The body is of cast iron and the nose is closed with an adaptor, which forms an exploder container and receives the fuze. The body cavity is filled with White Phosphorus (WP) smoke composition. The same tail unit and propelling charge system is used. Specifications (Mk2 in parentheses) Length: fuzed - 747 mm (750 mm) unfuzed - (687 mm) Weight, fuzed: 14.5 kg in flight (15 kg) Weight and type of payload: 2.2 kg WP Number of charges: P + 7 (P + 8) Fuze: impact SQ and delay, or proximity Muzzle velocity: 395 m/s (1,535 mm barrel) Max range: 9,000 m Min range: 500 m Chamber pressure: 150 s (min 120 s) Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
120 mm HE bomb LD 93/HE Mk2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
120 mm HE bomb LD 93/HE Mk2
Armament HP mortar M12-2222, M12-3222 and all 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By Hirtenberger. Description A streamlined bomb, with the body cast from spheroidal graphite iron of mainly ferritic structure to ensure optimal splinter formation. It has a single groove carrying a plastic obturating ring around the waist. The tail unit, of extruded aluminium alloy, screws into the bomb body. A primary cartridge is screwed into the end of the tailboom and the secondary increments, in horseshoe containers, clip around the boom in front of the fins. The incremental system uses a base increment and seven charge increments. Specifications (Mk2 in parentheses) Length, fuzed: 747 mm (750 mm) Weight, fuzed: 14.5 kg in flight (15 kg) Weight and type of payload: 2.34 kg TNT or Comp B Number of charges: P + 7 (P + 8) Fuze: impact SQ and delay, or proximity Max range: 9,000 m Min range: 500 m Muzzle velocity, Mk2: 395 m/s Chamber pressure: Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
120 mm illuminating bomb ILL-93/ILL Mk2
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Austria
120 mm illuminating bomb ILL-93/ILL Mk2
Armament HP mortar M12-2222; M12-3222 and all 120 mm smoothbore mortars. Development By Hirtenberger. Description This uses the same body as the HC-93/Mk2 smoke bomb but contains a magnesium flare and parachute. A time fuze in the nose ignites an ejection charge which separates the front and rear portions of the body, so releasing the parachute. This deploys and pulls the ignited flare from the forebody and then descends slowly, emitting light. The standard tail unit, with a primary and seven secondary charges, is screwed to the rear of the bomb body. Specifications (Mk2 in parentheses) Length: fuzed - 749 mm (755 mm) unfuzed - (690 mm) Weight, fuzed: 14.4 kg in flight Weight and type of payload: 2.1 kg magnesium flare Number of charges: P + 7 (P + 6) Fuze: mechanical time Max range: 7,900 m (7,600 m, 1,535 mm barrel) Min range: 500 m Chamber pressure: to 130 mPa ( Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG.Читати далі
Cartridge, 105 mm: HC, M84
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
United States
Cartridge, 105 mm: HC, M84
Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun ( Malaysia ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 Modified (Germany); 105 mm Howitzer M56 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Development The Cartridge, 105 mm: HC, M84 was developed during the Second World War based on a UK 25-pounder base ejection shell. Although apparently no longer in production in the USA, it is still in production elsewhere and remains in widespread service. It is used to emit white screening or marker smoke and can be used to produce coloured smoke (red, yellow or green) for target marking and similar purposes. A variant of this base ejection round, the Cartridge, 105 mm: HC, M84B1 , can be configured for the remote distribution of propaganda leaflets. It does not appear to be used widely for this purpose, being normally used to carry white or coloured HC smoke compound containers. Description The Cartridge, 105 mm: HC, M84 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case, allowing free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a cover over a recess in the base, a streamlined ogive and a single gilding metal driving band. The shell contains three cylindrical steel containers, each filled with HC (hexachloroethane-zinc mixture) smoke compound and separated by chipboard ( M84 , M84B1 ) or aluminium (M84A1) spacers; the total weight of HC is 5.57 kg. The forward end of the shell body is connected to the nose fuze cavity by a flash channel with a recess for a black powder burster charge at the base of the channel. The smoke containers are held in position by a baseplate and a PVC locking ring screwed home against it. The joint between the baseplate and the shell body is sealed by a rubber ring. In operation, the nose-mounted M565 time fuze functions at the selected time after firing; the MTSQ M577 may also be utilised. As the fuze functions the resultant flash ignites the black powder burster charge at the end of the flash channel. The internal pressure ruptures the PVC locking ring and forces off the baseplate, also ejecting the three smoke containers from the shell body. Before ejection and at the same time as the burster charge ignites, the flash produced is directed through a perforated channel passing through all three smoke containers to ignite their contents. The containers then continue to produce smoke (usually white) for a period lasting between 40-90 seconds, depending on local conditions. The 105 mm: HC, M84 uses a black powder expulsion charge in a cloth bag and the spacers between the canisters are chipboard. Only MTSQ M501 series fuzes can be used. The M84B1 is the same as the M84 but the expulsion charge is encased in a plastic cup. The M84A1 has a slightly revised body forging, the black powder expulsion charge is in a plastic cylinder, and an updated fuze well thread allows the MTSQ M548 and MT M565 fuzes to be used. The spacers between the smoke canisters are aluminium. The cartridge case is of the M14 type. The standard M14 is manufactured using 70:30 brass but other materials have been used and may still be encountered; for instance the M14B1 used copper-plated drawn steel while the M14B4 is a three-piece spiral-wrapped lacquered steel case. The base-mounted M28 percussion primer is pressed into place.. The cartridge case contains the M67 propelling charge. This consists of seven M1 dualgran propellant increments packed in individually numbered cloth bags threaded together in numerical order on a length of silk or acrylic twine. Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The other increments are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g. Charge 6 consists of Charge 5 plus a 243.81 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 843.69 g. Charge 7 consists of Charge 6 plus a 369.89 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Total nominal charge weight is then 1.241 kg. Ballistic data for the 105 mm HC M84 when fired from 105 mm M101/M101A1 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 198.1 m/s - max range 3,510 m Charge 2 - MV 216.4 m/s - max range 4,110 m Charge 3 - MV 237.7 m/s - max range 4,860 m Charge 4 - MV 266.7 m/s - max range 5,950 m Charge 5 - MV 310.9 m/s - max range 7,650 m Charge 6 - MV 376.4 m/s - max range 9,380 m Charge 7 - MV 472.4 m/s - max range 11,270 m. Ballistic data for the 105 mm HC M84 when fired from 105 mm M102 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 205 m/s - max range 3,700 m Charge 2 - MV 223 m/s - max range 4,300 m Charge 3 - MV 247 m/s - max range 5,200 m Charge 4 - MV 278 m/s - max range 6,300 m Charge 5 - MV 325 m/s - max range 8,100 m Charge 6 - MV 393 m/s - max range 9,600 m Charge 7 - MV 494 m/s - max range 11,500 m. Range data for the 105 mm L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer when firing the 105 mm HC M84 is as follows: Charge 1 - range 1,800 to 3,400 m Charge 2 - range 2,100 to 4,100 m Charge 3 - range 2,600 to 4,800 m Charge 4 - range 4,100 to 6,300 m Charge 5 - range 4,200 to 7,900 m Charge 6 - range 5,000 to 9,500 m Charge 7 - range 6,200 to 11,500 m. Authorised fuzes MT M565. MTSQ M577 Equivalent rounds AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA Manufacturer Office of Defence Production Type : 105 mm HC M84 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer CANADA Manufacturer SRC Industrial Technologies Inc Type: Cartridge 105 mm Smoke HC M84 Description: Standard US specifications GERMANY Manufacturer Buck Werke GmbH & Co Type: 105 mm Smoke HC DM 15 Description: Standard US specifications. Projectile only ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 105 mm Smoke (BE) Description: Standard US specifications. Smoke colours available include white, green, red, yellow and violet NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 105 mm Smoke BE Description: Stated to be equivalent to 105 mm Smoke HC M84 SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 105 mm HC M84A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: Municion Fumigena 105 mm M84C Description: Standard US specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Scranton Army Ammunition Plant Type: 105 mm HC M84 Description: Standard specificationsЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
Cartridge, 105 mm: Illumination M314
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Canada
Cartridge, 105 mm: Illumination M314
Armament M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun ( Malaysia ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 Modified (Germany); 105 mm Howitzer M56 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Development The Cartridge, 105 mm: Illumination M314 is intended to illuminate targets or target areas and may also be used for signalling or marking purposes. It has been produced in a number of sub-variants, with the main types being the M314A1, the M314A2 and the M314A3, the latter being the standard US Army version. The main distinction is that the M314A1 and M314A2 use the MTSQ M501 series of fuzes, while the M314A3 uses the MT M565 or MTSQ M577. By the beginning of FY98 approximately 4,112,000 M314 series cartridges had been produced in the USA, although at that time production was in abeyance. In FY00 $7,937 million was allocated to restart the production of about 12,000 M314A2 rounds to support training and war reserve stockpiles. This procurement will overlap into FY01. After then no further production is planned until FY04 (about 7,000 rounds) and FY05 (about 6,000 rounds). Description The Cartridge, 105 mm: Illumination M314 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case to allow free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The base ejection projectile is a relatively thin-walled hollow steel forging with a boat-tailed base, a streamlined ogive and a gilding metal driving band. Carried inside the shell is a canister, filled with 789 g of a pressed illuminating compound, and a parachute unit. The baseplate is held in position with three shear pins; some sub-variants (for example the M314A2E1) also have three twist pins. In use the nose-mounted time fuze operates at the selected time after firing. Under the fuze base is a flash channel through which the fuze ignition passes a flash to ignite 50 g of black powder in a cloth bag (81 g on the M314A3, held in a sealed plastic holder). The black powder acts as an expulsion charge to exert pressure down onto the baseplate and cause the shear pins to break, the baseplate then falls away cleanly due to an imbalance created in its shape by a machined recess. The expulsion charge also creates a flash to ignite the illuminating compound via 68 g of a `first fire' composition so that, as the canister and parachute emerge from the shell base, the compound is already burning to create the required light. The average illumination is 400,000 to 450,000 candlepower and the illuminating compound burns for approximately 55 to 60 seconds. The flare canister is suspended from the nylon parachute unit by eight shrouds and excessive rotation of the flare canister is prevented by flaps located above the canister which flip out under air pressure. Maximum illumination range is 8,700 m (minimum 400 m). The cartridge case is of the M14 type. The standard M14 is manufactured using 70:30 brass but other materials have been used and may still be encountered; for instance the M14B1 used copper-plated drawn steel while the M14B4 is a three-piece spiral-wrapped lacquered steel case. The base-mounted percussion primer is pressed into place and may be one of several types including the M1B1A2, M28A2 (brass), M28B2 (steel) or M1A2 . The cartridge case contains the M67 propelling charge. This consists of seven M1 dualgran propellant increments packed in individually numbered cloth bags threaded together in numerical order on a length of silk or acrylic twine. Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The other increments are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g. Charge 6 consists of Charge 5 plus a 243.81 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 843.69 g. Charge 7 consists of Charge 6 plus a 369.89 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Total nominal charge weight is then 1.241 kg. Ballistic data for the 105 mm Illumination M314 when fired from 105 mm M101/M101A1 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 198.1 m/s - max range 3,510 m Charge 2 - MV 216.4 m/s - max range 4,110 m Charge 3 - MV 237.7 m/s - max range 4,860 m Charge 4 - MV 266.7 m/s - max range 5,950 m Charge 5 - MV 310.9 m/s - max range 7,650 m Charge 6 - MV 376.4 m/s - max range 9,380 m Charge 7 - MV 472.4 m/s - max range 11,270 m. Ballistic data for the 105 mm Illumination M314 when fired from 105 mm M102 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 205 m/s - max range 3,700 m Charge 2 - MV 223 m/s - max range 4,300 m Charge 3 - MV 247 m/s - max range 5,200 m Charge 4 - MV 278 m/s - max range 6,300 m Charge 5 - MV 325 m/s - max range 8,100 m Charge 6 - MV 393 m/s - max range 9,600 m Charge 7 - MV 494 m/s - max range 11,500 m. Range data for the 105 mm L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer when firing the 105 mm Illumination M314 is as follows: Charge 1 - range 1,800 to 3,400 m Charge 2 - range 2,100 to 4,100 m Charge 3 - range 2,600 to 4,800 m Charge 4 - range 4,100 to 6,300 m Charge 5 - range 4,200 to 7,900 m Charge 6 - range 5,000 to 9,500 m Charge 7 - range 6,200 to 11,500 m. Authorised fuzes M314A1, M314A2 - MTSQ M501 series (the MTSQ M548 may also be used) M314A3 - MT M565 or MTSQ M577 Equivalent rounds AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA Manufacturer Office of Defence Production Type: 105 mm Illuminating M314A2 Description: Standard US specifications BELGIUM Manufacturer PRB SA Type: 105 mm Illuminating NR 146 Description: Standard US specifications. No longer in production but in widespread service CANADA Manufacturer SRC Industrial Technologies Inc Type: 105 mm Illuminating C103 Description: Standard US M314A3 specifications FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 105 mm Illuminating M314A3 Description: Standard specifications GREECE Manufacturer PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company Type: 105 mm Illuminating Description: Standard US specifications IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 105 mm Illuminating Description: Exact version uncertain ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 105 mm Illuminating Description: Standard US M314A2 specifications KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Daewoo Corporation Type: 105 mm Illuminating M314A1 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Korea Explosives Company Type: 105 mm Illuminating M314A3 Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 105 mm Illuminating K275 Description: Based on M314 but with flare assembly modified to produce 590,000 candela for 60 seconds. Otherwise standard specifications SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: Cartridge 105 mm Illuminating ME314A3 Description: Standard US specifications. May be fitted with MT M565 or MTSQ 501A1 fuzes Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 105 mm Illuminating Description: Standard US specifications Manufacturer SANTA BARBARA SA Type: Municion Illuminante 105 mm M314A3 Description: Standard US specifications UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Morton Thiokol Corporation Type: Cartridge, 105 mm, Illuminating, M314A3 Description: Standard specifications. Supplied fitted with MTSQ M577 fuzeЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
81 mm HE bomb
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Australia
81 mm HE bomb
Armament All medium- and high-pressure 81 mm mortars. Development Developed from 1990 to 1992 by ADI to fully utilise the capabilities of the 81 mm L16 and F2 mortar systems in service with the Australian Army. Description Full details have not yet been divulged, but this design improves the lethality, developing over 7,500 effective fragments. It employs a new propulsion system, loaded with ADI AR2001 propellant specifically developed for this employment. This new propulsion system achieves very consistent muzzle velocities, with standard deviations of less than 1 m/s at maximum range. It would seem that the bomb is generally the same as the British L36A2, streamlined, with a plastic obturating ring and that the improvements are confined to matters of construction. Manufacturer ADI Limited , Lithgow Facility.Читати далі
9 × 18 mm Makarov
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
United States
9 × 18 mm Makarov
Synonyms 9 mm PM; 9 × 18 mm Soviet; 9 mm Stechkin ; 9 mm Type 59 Armament Soviet PM and PMM Makarov and Stechkin pistols; Makarov copies such as the Chinese Type 59, Czech Model 83, East German Pistole M, and other pistols chambered for this round such as the Hungarian PA-63 and Polish P-64 . Sub-machine guns include the Bison , Kiparis, PP-90 and PP-90M and KEDR. Development The 9 mm Makarov cartridge was designed by Boris Semin and was introduced into Soviet service together with the PM Makarov and Stechkin pistols in 1951. Various changes have been introduced over the years, including at one time a Tracer projectile, and the original brass case was replaced by steel. In 1993, a modernised Makarov pistol was introduced chambered for the 57-N-181M 9 × 18 mm cartridge, a high-velocity high-penetration version of the original round. Several new sub-machine guns have since been chambered for the new cartridge, as well. Ballistically, the new cartridge is on a par with the 9 × 19 mm Parabellum, a dramatic improvement. The new cartridge is externally identical to the earlier 9 × 18 mm, apart from its conically shaped bullet designed to penetrate soft body armour and mild steel plate. Because of increased chamber pressures, this new cartridge cannot be safely fired in older PM pistols, although the original cartridge can be safely fired from the modernised PM. Several Russian arms makers recently showed new prototype military pistols in 9 × 19 mm and announced that the military's next pistol will be chambered for that cartridge. The 9 × 18 mm will thus eventually be replaced in Russian military service. Despite this, the many weapons produced in this calibre will ensure the presence of the 9 × 18 mm in the world's military and police forces for many years to come. Description A rimless, straight taper cartridge of brass or, more usually, of copper-coated or lacquered steel. The bullet is jacketed, round-nosed and flat-based; early designs used a lead alloy core, more recent manufacture uses a lead core with a small steel insert. Both bullets weigh the same. High-velocity cartridges are identical save for a somewhat lighter conically shaped bullet. I t should be noted that there is a third 9 × 18 mm cartridge, the 9 mm Police or `Ultra' of Western origin. Although the nomenclature is the same they are not interchangeable and to avoid confusion the words, `Makarov,' `Soviet' `Police' or `Ultra' should be used when identifying these different rounds. ARMENIA Manufacturer Neutron Research and Production Company Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.95 g; MV 315 m/s BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: Ball: FMJ, steel core, gilding metal envelope; 5.95 g; V 10 303 m/s Manufacturer Kintex Type: Ball: Steel core, steel jacket, gilding metal envelope; 6.1 g; MV 315 m/s. Cartridge case steel-, brass- or copper-plated Manufacturer NITI Kazanlak Type: Ball, non-lethal: Rubber bullet; 2.7-2.8 g; Mv 350 m/s CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.1 g; MV 315 m/s CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Sellier & Bellot Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.1 g; MV 310 m/s Ball: Lead; 4.5 g; MV 380 m/s Manufacturer State arsenals Type: Ball vz82: FMJ; 4.5 g; MV 400 m/s. This round was developed specifically for use with the vz 82 pistol and a 9 mm version of the Skorpion machine pistol. The complete round weighs 8.1 g, instead of the 10 g of the Soviet original, though the length of bullet and round are the same. HUNGARY Manufacturer Technika Foreign Trading Company Type: Reduced Effect Ball: Polyamid plastic bullet with metal base cup; 1.7 g; MV 420 m/s. This is a special round in use with Hungarian PA-63 and R-61 pistols for security and police personnel, combining good terminal effect with low ricochet and shoot-through risks. Ball: FMJ; steel core; 6 g; MV 300 m/s ITALY Manufacturer Fiocchi Munizioni SpA Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.1 g; MV 330 m/s POLAND Manufacturer Mesko Zaklady Metalowe Type: Ball: FMJ, RN; 6 g; MV 305 m/s Blank: Star crimp SLOVAKIA Manufacturer Technopol, Military and Police Group Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; V 25 295 m/s Ball: FMJ; 6 g; V 25 303 m/s Plastic: 1.7 g; V 25 424 m/s Plastic: 1.7 g; V 25 446 m/s ROMANIA Manufacturer Kintex Type: Ball: FMJ, steel/lead core; 6.1 g; MV 315 m/s RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer LVE Novosibirsk Type: Ball: FMJ; 5.9 g; Mv: 315 m/s High-penetration ball, PMM: FMJ; 5.6 g; MV: 410 m/s Manufacturer Tula Cartridge Works Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.8 g; MV 303 m/s Manufacturer JSC Barnaul Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.9 g; MV 311 m/s Manufacturer State arsenals Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.02 g; MV 340 m/s SP-8 Limited-penetration ball: Plastic bullet; 1.1 g; MV 250 m/s Tracer: FMJ; 6.15 g; MV 340 m/s (est) Armour Piercing: Steel bullet; 5.07 g; MV 400 m/s (est) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer CCI-Speer Type: Ball: JHP; 5.8 g; MV 320 m/s Manufacturer Cor-Bon Ammunition Type; Ball: JHP; 6.1 g; MV 320 m/s Manufacturer Hansen Cartridge Company Type: Ball: FMJ; 6.1 g; MV 315 m/s Manufacturer Hornady Manufacturing Corporation Type: Ball: JHP; 6.1 g; MV 305 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball: FMJ; 6 g; MV 325 m/sЧитати далі
Arsenal
Arsenal
5.45 × 39 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Armenia
5.45 × 39 mm
Synonyms 5.45 × 40 mm; 5.45 mm M74 ; 5.45 mm Kalashnikov; 5.45 × 39 mm Soviet; 5.45 mm Russian. Armament AK-74 series rifles and sub-carbines, AK-107 , AN-94 assault rifle, RPK-74 light machine gun and others. Development Soviet ballisticians are known to have been experimenting with reduced calibres prior to 1939, but work was abandoned during the Second World War. The 5.45 × 39 mm cartridge was probably developed as a result of the successful American experience with the 5.56 × 45mm cartridge in Vietnam to reduce recoil and increase full automatic fire control in AK-type rifles, resulting in the adoption of this round in 1974. The existence of this calibre in Soviet use was not known in the West until 1978 and specimens of ammunition were not obtained until late 1979. Description The round is of conventional rimless bottlenecked form, somewhat fatter and shorter than the 5.56 × 45 mm round. The case is of lacquered steel and a stripe of red laquer seals the case/bullet joint. The Berdan primer is of brass and there are two fireholes in the primer pocket. The streamlined bullet consists of a mild steel core filling about two-thirds of the gilding metal envelope, and a lead plug about 3 mm long in front of it. The extreme 3 mm of the tip is hollow, which enhances the terminal effects of the bullet against a human target. ARMENIA Manufacturer Neutron Research & Production Company Type: Ball: FMJ; steel core; 3.53 g; MV 870-890 m/s; cartridge weight 10.57 g AP: FMJ; heavy metal core (possibly tungsten carbide); 3.65 g; MV 870-890 m/s; cartridge weight 10.64 g Blank: cartridge weight 6.6 g BULGARIA Manufacturer Kintex Type: Ball 7N6: FMJ; steel core, lead sleeve, steel jacket; 3.4 g; MV 890 m/s. Steel case; 1.45 g charge of SF 033FL powder. Tracer TgS: FMJ; steel jacket, lead/steel core with trace element, green tip; 3.4 g; MV 890 m/s Manufacturer Arsenal Type: Ball: FMJ, gilding metal jacket, lead/steel core; 3.43 g; MV 880 m/s Tracer: FMJ, gilding metal jacket, lead core with trace element, green tip; 3.23 g; MV 880 m/s Blank: Wooden bullet, white colour coded, cartridge weight 6.6 g GERMANY Manufacturer SK Jagd und Sportmunitions Type: Ball: FMJ; steel core; 3.4 g; MV 880 m/s POLAND Manufacturer Mesko Zaklady Metalowe Type: Ball: FMJ; steel core; 3.4 g; MV 880 m/s Ball: FMJ; Lead core; 3.4 g; MV 880 m/s Practice: Plastic bullet; no performance details available ROMANIA Manufacturer Aresnalul Armatel Type: Ball: FMJ; 3.35 g; MV 890 m/s Tracer: FMJ; 3.15 g; MV 870 m/s Blank: Star crimp Manufacturer ROMARM SA Type: Ball: FMJ; steel/lead core; 3.35 g; MV 890 m/s Tracer: FMJ; steel/lead core; 3.15 g; MV 870 m/s Blank: Steel case, crimped neck. Cartridge weight 6.75 g RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer JSC Barnaul Machine Tool Plant Type: Ball (7N6): FMJ, steel core; 3.42 g; V 25 870-900 m/s Tracer: FMJ; red, dark ignition, burns 100-400 m Enhanced penetration (7N10): FMJ; steel core; 3.61 g; V 25 870-890 m/s Armour piercing (7N22): steel core, 3.68 g; V 25 870-890 m/s Practice blank (7H3): Plastic bullet Manufacturer Lugansk Machine Tool Factory Type: Ball: FMJ; lead core; 3.45 g; MV 880 m/s Armour-piercing: FMJ; hard steel core; 3.56 g; MV 880 m/s Subsonic: FMJ; 5.15 g; MV 303 m/s Blank: Plastic; 0.24 g Manufacturer Tula Cartridge Works Type: Ball: FMJ; 3.3-3.5 g; MV 870-890 m/s Ball: Supercharge (weapon proof) test, FMJ; 3.3-3.5 g black bullet Ball: High pressure (barrel proof) test, FMJ; 3.4-3.65 g yellow bullet Blank: Steel case, punch crimp, cartridge weight 6.2-7 g Dummy: FMJ, lead jacket; gilding metal case with three longitudinal grooves, no propellant; cartridge weight 8.5 g Manufacturer Ulyanovsk Machine Production Association Type: Tracer 7T3: FMJ; 3.2 g, green tip; MV 882 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball: FMJ; steel core; 3.4 g; MV 969 m/sЧитати далі
Arsenal
Arsenal
7.62 × 39 mm
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Egypt
7.62 × 39 mm
Synonyms 7.62 mm M43 ; 7.62 × 39 mm Soviet; 7.62 mm Kalashnikov; 7.62 mm obr 43 g Armament Chinese Type 56 carbine, Type 56 and 56-1 rifles, Type 68 rifle, Types 75 and 81 light machine guns; Colt Model 6830 Lightweight Rifle; Finnish M60 , M62 , M76 and M90 rifles, M78 heavy barrel rifle and M62 machine gun; Hungarian AMD-65 rifle; North Korean Type 68 rifle; Polish PMK , PMK-DGN and PMKM rifles; Soviet AK-47 , AKM , SKS rifles, RPD and RPK machine guns; Ruger Mini-Thirty rifle; Yugoslavian M59/66A1 , M70B1 , M70AB2 rifles and M72 , M72AB1 machine guns. Recently developed and fielded Russian weapons such as the A-91M and Ots-14 Groza Development Soviet development of an intermediate rifle cartridge had begun in the late 1930s, parallel with similar work in Finland , Germany and Switzerland, but was dropped in 1939. Probably spurred by the appearance of the German 7.92 × 33 mm `Kurz' cartridge in late 1941, development was restarted in 1943. A design, attributed to N M Elizarov and B V Semin, was approved in late 1943 and applied to an experimental carbine by Simonov which later became the SKS. However, the major adoption of the cartridge came with the AK-47 Kalashnikov rifle, after which it became the standard rifle and light machine gun round for the Warsaw Pact and was widely adopted by other countries obtaining arms from the Soviet Union. Despite the introduction of the 5.45 × 39 mm cartridge by the Soviet military in 1974, newly designed assault rifles in 7.62 × 39 mm continue in use with Russian special operations units. Moreover, the cartridge continues to be the choice of some units of Russian special operations forces. The cartridge thus will remain in Russian military service for the foreseeable future. Recent developments include subsonic ammunition with heavy bullets for use by unspecified military and law enforcement agencies. Description The case is rimless and bottlenecked, of lacquered steel, brass, or brass-coated steel, Berdan or Boxer primed. The standard ball bullet PS is streamlined, with a steel core and GMCS jacket. Ball bullets manufactured in other countries may be non-streamlined and use a lead core, the weight being adjusted to the PS pattern. A recent development in this cartridge is frangible ball ammunition for use in training and for tactical use in areas where ricochets and over-penetration are an operational concern. (See entry under United States of America.) ARMENIA Manufacturer Neutron Research and Production Company Type: Ball: FMJ steel core; 7.93 g; MV 710-725 m/s Type: Subsonic: FMJ; 12.99 g; MV 310 m/s Type: Inert: FMJ; 7.93 g; MV not applicable AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.95 g; MV 710 m/s Tracer: FMJ, semi-streamlined; red trace to 800 m minimum; 7.62 g; MV 700 m/s BRAZIL Manufacturer Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.91 g; MV 710 m/s BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA Manufacturer Unis Igman d.o.o. Type: Ball M67: FMJ; 8 g; V 25 730 m/s Tracer M78 : FMJ; 7.7 g; V 25 706 m/s API M83 : FMJ; 7.5 g; V 25 730 m/s BULGARIA Manufacturer Arsenal Type: Heavy Ball: FMJ; steel core in lead jacket and cupro-nickel envelope; steel case; 7.9 g; V 25 717 m/s Tracer T-45: FMJ; lead core, cupro-nickel envelope; red trace in rear tracing to 800 m; 7.58 g; V 25 710-725 m/s Blank: Steel case, rose crimp; 0.77 g P-125 powder Manufacturer Kintex Type: Ball: FMJ; steel and lead core in gilding metal jacket; gilding metal case; 7.9 g; MV 715 m/s Tracer: FMJ; lead core; gilding metal jacket, trace element, green tip; 7.5 g; MV 715 m/s CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: Ball Type 56: FMJ; steel core; 7.9 g; MV 710-725 m/s Tracer Type 56: FMJ; partial steel core; red trace; 7.56 g; MV 687-702 m/s Incendiary tracer Type 56: FMJ; steel core with tip exposed; partial gilding metal jacket; incendiary filling in capsule behind core; 6.63 g; MV 740-755 m/s AP-I Type 56: FMJ; steel half-core inside gilding metal jacket; incendiary tracer element in capsule behind core; 7.67 g; MV 725-740 m/s CZECH REPUBLIC Manufacturer Sellier & Bellot Type: Ball: FMJ; lead core; 8 g; V 25 710 m/s EGYPT Manufacturer Aboukir Engineering Industries Type: Ball: FMJ; lead core; 8 g; MV 725 m/s Manufacturer Shoubra Company Type: Ball: FMJ; V 25 725 m/s AP-I: FMJ; steel core; V 25 735 m/s Tracer: FMJ; red trace; V 25 718 m/s FINLAND Manufacturer Nammo Lapua Oy Type: Ball S309: FMJ; lead core; 8.04 g Tracer VJ313: FMJ; red trace; 8.04 g Ball, S361: FMJ; 3.7g, aluminum core SRTA; Ball S405: FMJ; 8 g; MV 725 m/s Tracer: FMJ; red trace; 8 g; MV 725 m/s AP: FMJ; hard core, steel or gilding metal jacket Blank: Wooden bullet Manufacturer Sako Ltd Type: Ball: JSP, SL; 8 g; MV 715 m/s HUNGARY Manufacturer Mátravidéki Fémmüvek Type: Ball: FMJ; steel core; 8 g; MV 715 m/s; steel cartridge case Ball: FMJ; steel core; 8 g; MV 715 m/s; brass cartridge case INDONESIA Manufacturer Pindad Type: Ball MU-8TJ: FMJ; 7.95 g; V 10 725 m/s IRAN Manufacturer Ammunition Industries Type: Ball: FMJ; 8 g; MV 710 m/s ISRAEL Manufacturer Israel Military Industries ( IMI ) Type: Ball: FMJ; 8 g; MV 693 m/s; E o 1,920 J KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Metal Corporation Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.9 g; MV 716 m/s Ball: PSP; 8.1 g; MV 707 m/s POLAND Manufacturer Mesko Zaklady Metalowe Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.9 g; MV 715 m/s Tracer: FMJ; red trace; 7.2 g; MV 715 m/s Blank: Steel case, star crimp PORTUGAL Manufacturer INDEP Type: Ball M361: FMJ; 7.95 g; MV 710 m/s; brass case Tracer: FMJ; 7.95 g; MV 800 m/s; brass case ROMANIA Manufacturer Arsenalul Armatel Type: Ball: FMJ; 7.75 g; MV 725 m/s Tracer: FMJ; 7.45 g; MV 725 m/s API: 7.8 g; MV 740 m/s Manufacturer ROMARM SA Type: Ball: FMJ; steel/lead core; 7.75 g; MV 725 m/s Tracer: FMJ; lead core; 7.45 g; MV 725 m/s API: FMJ; steel core; 7.8 g; MV 740 m/s Blank: Steel case, rose crimped. Cartridge weight 7.3 g RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ASSOCIATED STATES (CIS) Manufacturer JSC Barnaul Machine Tool Building Plant; LVE Novosibirsk; Tula Cartridge Works; Ulyanovsk Machine Production Association Type: Ball: 57-N-231S , steel core; 7.9g; MV 710-725 m/s Subsonic ball, Type US: FMJ; 12.5g; MV 295-310 m/s Armour Piercing, 7N23: FMJ; 7.9g; 725-740m/s Tracer T45: FMJ; 7.45 g non-streamlined bullet; green trace AP-I BZ: FMJ, SL; steel core with incendiary pellet in the nose; 7.77 g Ball, high pressure test: FMJ; 7.75 g, black bullet Blank: 57-X-231 ; No bullet, star crimp SLOVAKIA Manufacturer Technopol, Military and Police Group Ball: FMJ; 8.2 g; MV 720 m/s Ball BT: FMJ Boat Tail; 8 g; MV 725 m/s Ball FPJ-M: Full Profile Metal Jacket - Match; 9.4 g; MV 720 m/s Ball SP: Soft point; 9.7 g; MV 700 m/s Ball FPJ-M: Full Profile Metal Jacket - Match; 10.7 g; MV 700 m/s Ball SP: Soft point; 11 g; MV 680 m/s Ball FPJ-M: Full Profile Metal Jacket - Match; 11.4 g; MV 680 m/s Ball SP: Soft point; 11.7 g; MV 670 m/s SWEDEN Manufacturer Norma AB Type: Ball: SP; 11.7 g; MV 785 m/s Ball: SP; 9.7 g; MV 900 m/s UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Manufacturer Black Hills Ammunition Company Type: Ball: JSP; 8 g; MV 410 m/s Ball: JSP; 9.7 g; 838 m/s Manufacturer Cor-Bon Ammunition Type: Ball: JHP; 8.1 g; MV 732 m/s Manufacturer Eldorado Cartridge Corporation (PMC) Type: Ball: FMJ; 8 g; 716 m/s Ball: PSP; 8.1 g; 707 m/s Manufacturer Engel Ballistic Research Type: Ball: FMJ, 14.2 g; MV 290 m/s Ball: JHP; 11.0 g; MV 305 m/s Manufacturer Federal Cartridge Company Type: Ball: SP; 8 g; MV 701 m/s Manufacturer Glaser Safety Slug Inc Type: Ball: Glaser Blue; 8.42 g; MV 701 m/s Manufacturer Hansen Cartridge Company Type: Ball: FMJ; 8 g; MV 708 m/s Ball: JSP; 8 g; MV 732 m/s Manufacturer Longbow Incorporated Type: Frangible ball: Copper powder and epoxy; 7.7 g; MV 671 m/s Manufacturer Remington Arms Company Inc Type: Ball: SP; 8 g; MV 721 m/s Manufacturer Winchester-Olin Type: Ball: SP; 8 g; MV 721 m/s YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: Ball M67: FMJ; 8 g; lead-antimony core in gilding metal jacket, non-streamlined; MV 733 m/s; brass or steel case; Boxer or Berdan primed Tracer M78 : 7.7 g; non-streamlined, lead-antimony core in gilding metal jacket with tracer composition at rear end. Dark ignition to 15 m from weapon, then visible from 115 to 800 m. Brass or steel case API-T M82 : 7.55 g; steel core, lead liner, gilding metal jacket, incendiary-tracer composition in capsule at rear end; penetration 7 mm steel at 200 m; MV 730 m/s; brass case Practice M76 : The bullet uses an aluminium core with a gilding metal half-jacket which encloses the flat base but leaves the reduced diameter point exposed. The weight is 1.7 g and this, with the odd shape, provides a maximum range of 560 m. Accuracy at 100 m is comparable with the standard ball round. MV 700 m/s. The standard brass case is used Grenade Launcher: Crimped Ball: FMJ; 8 g; MV 752 m/s Ball: JSP; 8 g; MV 747 m/s Ball: JSP, RN; 8 g; MV 747 m/s Subsonic Ball: FMJ; 11.8 g; MV 296 m/s HP Test M67 Type 1: FMJ; 8 g; Pressure 3,100 ±100 kg/cm 2 HP Test M67 Type 2: FMJ; 9.05 g; Pressure 3,700 ±100 kg/cm 2Читати далі
SAKO LTD
SAKO LTD
155 mm extended range full-bore HE projectiles
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
South Africa
155 mm extended range full-bore HE projectiles
Armament Towed 155 mm Howitzers: NORICUM GH N-45 ; CITEFA CALA 30/2; SRC International GC 45; NORINCO Type WA 021 and Type GM-45 ; Patria Vammas 155 GH 52 Howitzer; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P, 845P, Upgraded M-46 and M114S ; Otobreda 155/39; KH179 ; RDM M139 and M114/39 ; STK FH-88 and FH-2000; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers; Bofors FH-77B ; Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer; M46/84 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). Self-propelled 155 mm howitzers: TAMSE VCA 155; NORINCO PLZ45 Self-propelled Gun-Howitzer; Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 ; Rheinmetall M109A3G and M44T ; Majnoon ( Iraq ); Soltam Rascal and Slammer; Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; K9 Thunder ( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; XT-69 ( Taiwan ); AS90 and Braveheart ; M109A4, M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin; XM2001/XM2002 Crusader AFAS. Development The 155 mm Extended Range Full-Bore (ERFB) projectile is a logical development of ballistic design exercises, extending back to the German `Paris Gun' of the First World War and even beyond. The basic outline of the modern ERFB was discernible in the 21 cm projectiles fired from the German 21 cm K (E) railway gun of the Second World War but it took the genius of the late Doctor Gerald Bull and his Space Research Corporation (SRC) team to fully exploit the potential of the design concept and bring it to the ERFB's present operational state, thereby increasing the range potential of modern 155 mm artillery pieces by a factor of at least one third, and often more, in one technological bound. During the early 1970s, and following the demise of the High Altitude Research Project (HARP), the Space Research Corporation of Canada undertook a series of design studies for the US Navy to increase the range of its shore bombardment weapons. No operational projectiles resulted from those studies but the experience led directly, over a four-year period, to the current form of the 155 mm ERFB design (the Mk 10 Mod.2), and the design of the 155 mm GC 45 gun-howitzer to fire the projectiles. The success of this 45 calibre gun-howitzer and ammunition combination led to numerous international collaborations, such as those between the Space Research Corporation and the Austrian NORICUM, the Belgian PRB SA and the South African Armscor , among others. Since the late 1970s/early 1980s, the spread of the ERFB concept and weapons to fire such munitions, has been one of the most significant technological and marketing aspects of the current artillery scene. During 1996, India placed a contract with Denel of South Africa for a total of 50,000 rounds of 155 mm ERFB ammunition. The contract was worth approximately R840 million (US$24.1 million) and included 40,000 HE rounds offered at US$390 each. More similar projectiles are being sought to replace those expended during the 1999 fighting in northern Kashmir. The application of the Base Bleed, or Base Burn (BB), unit to the 155 mm ERFB brought an additional significant range increase capability to the artillery field. Since the BB unit concept is relatively simple to apply to the ERFB, the 155 mm ERFB-BB projectile will also be considered in this entry. In 1996, it was announced that SOMCHEM , a Denel subsidiary, had developed a 155 mm Velocity-Enhanced Long Range (VLAP) projectile. See following entry for details. Description The 155 mm ERFB projectile follows a basic pattern but there are minor differences between projectiles produced by various manufacturers. The main design features of the 155 mm ERFB projectile are common to all, as they all have an extremely long streamlined outline which is virtually a continuous ogive from the nose to the copper or gilding metal drive band and plastic obturator band located close to the base; the drive and obturator bands are protected by a grommet until just before loading. The body outline is marked by the use of four steel bore riding nubs which are either machined at the same time as the rest of the projectile body or, more commonly, welded to the outline using mild steel. These angled nubs are intended to match the average projectile rotation and provide support for launch stability. A boat tailed drag reduction steel Hollow Base (HB) unit with a pronounced open hollow cavity is threaded onto the base of the shell body. The one-piece body is forged from high-grade steel, typically AISI 9260 or a similar grade. The explosive payload can vary but a typical explosive filling is 8.2 kg of Composition B or 8.6 kg of TNT. The detonation of a 155 mm HE ERFB projectile filled with Composition B and manufactured using AISI 9260 steel will result in an average of 4,750 fragments. The South African 155 mm ERFB produces approximately 7,000 fragments with an individual mass larger than 0.5 g using a nominal payload of 8.71 kg of RDX/TNT 50:50. The nose fuze cavity, which is normally occupied by a lifting plug during transport and handling, can accommodate a range of standard fuzes, including proximity and electronic fuzes. In place of the standard aluminium hollow base unit a BB unit can be installed without greatly affecting the overall dimensions or payload-carrying capabilities of the basic ERFB projectile. The steel-cased BB unit is threaded onto the base in place of the normal hollow base unit. The 155 mm ERFB then becomes 155 mm ERFB-BB and significant range increases can be achieved. The range increases are produced by a slow-burning block of inhibited propellant powder which is ignited on firing by the propelling charge gases. To ensure that the ignition remains constant as the projectile leaves the barrel the propellant gases also ignite a zirconium pellet which continues to burn for 2 seconds and ensures grain combustion. Most base bleed units continue to burn for about the first 30 seconds of a trajectory. The burning propellant does not provide thrust. Instead the gases produced by the BB unit emerge at subsonic velocity through a central port in the unit and inhibit the formation of drag-inducing turbulence which would otherwise collect to create drag behind the projectile base. By burning the BB propellant the base drag can be reduced by at least 50 per cent and sometimes as much as 70 per cent. This creates a significant increase in range potential, as much as 25 per cent in most cases, without the reduction in accuracy inherent in other range-enhancing systems such as rocket propulsion. A typical maximum dispersion figure for a 155 mm ERFB-BB is less than 0.5 per cent of the range; the figure for a 155 mm ERFB is 0.35 per cent. As an example the South African Motor BB 155 mm M1 weighs 4.8 kg, is 120 mm long and has an external diameter of 152 mm. South African 155 mm ERFB projectiles may be converted in the field by removing boat tails from ERFB projectiles and fitting base bleed units to produce 155 mm ERFB-BB projectiles. The process is carried out using a projectile clamping table. The same table can also be used to remove damaged obturators and fit new ones. The table can be folded flat and weighs 25 kg. To take full advantage of the range potential of 155 mm HE ERFB and ERFB-BB projectiles they are usually fired with high-energy charges, typically the NATO/American M3A1 (zones 3, 4 and 5), M4A2 (zones 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), M119A1 (zone 8), M203 (zone 9) or the M11 (zone 10), the latter being restricted to 45 calibre or longer barrels. Typical range comparison figures for 155 mm HE ERFB projectiles fired from 39 and 45 calibre barrels are as follows: Barrel length 39 calibres 45 calibres Propelling charge M119A1 19,200 m 21,100 m M203 25,900 m 26,500 m M11 n/a 30,000 m Typical range comparison figures for 155 mm HE ERFB-BB projectiles fired from 39 and 45 calibre barrels are as follows: Barrel length 39 calibres 45 calibres Propelling charge M119A1 24,500 m 26,200 m M203 32,500 m 32,600 m M11 n/a 39,600 m Typical muzzle velocities for 155 mm HE ERFB and ERFB-BB projectiles when fired from 45 calibre barrels are as follows: Charge Muzzle velocity M3A1 zone 3 266 m/s M3A1 zone 4 302.1 m/s M3A1 zone 5 359.9 m/s M4A2 zone 6 458.1 m/s M4A2 zone 7 541.9 m/s M119 zone 8 658 m/s M203 zone 9 795.5 m/s M11 zone 10 897 m/s The propelling system for the LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 gun-howitzers originally involved a three-charge cloth bag system. This has been replaced by a modular system involving combustible cases, developed by SOMCHEM , with a built-in charge retaining device. The system may be used with ERFB, (above the basic Charge 2) ERFB-BB projectiles and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. The lowest charge for the SOMCHEM modular charge system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 1 M51 . The combustible container for this charge is red and contains single-base granular propellant. The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 2.3 kg, is 211 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. The next charge is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 2 M52 . The combustible case is blue and houses triple-base propellant cords. The diameter at the front of the case is reduced to allow it to friction fit into the rear of a Charge 2 increment (see below). The igniter consists of a combination of 20 g G12 gunpowder and 40 g CBI. The charge weighs approximately 5.6 kg, is 373 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. This modular system continues with the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Increment M52 . One or two of these increments can be added to the normal Charge 2. Charge 2 plus one increment can be used with boat tailed ERFB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Charge 2 plus two increments can be used with ERFB, ERFB-BB and all NATO 155 mm projectiles. Each increment is contained in a green combustible case containing triple-base propellant cords. The igniter consists of 60 g of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 4 kg, is 289 mm long and has a diameter of 164 mm. The top charge of the modular system is the Charge Propelling 155 mm Modular Charge 3 M53 . The charge is contained in a purple (jacaranda) combustible case containing triple-base tubular propellant. The igniter consists of G12 gunpowder. The charge weighs approximately 17.1 kg, is 930 mm long and the diameter is 164 mm. All charges are ignited by the Tube Percussion M82 which contains 1.4 to 1.5 g of gunpowder. The tube is 49.37 mm long with a diameter over the rim of 15.24 mm. With this system the following ballistic performances can be achieved using a 45 calibre barrel: Charge 1 - MV 350 ±5 m/s - max range 9,100 m Charge 2 - MV 483 ±5 m/s - max range 13,400 m Charge 2 + 1 increment - MV 645 ±5 m/s - max range 19,000 m Charge 2 + 2 increments - MV 795 ±5 m/s - max range 25,400 m Charge 2 + 2 increments + BB - MV 789 ±5 m/s - max range 31,000 m Charge 3, standard shell - MV 897 ±5 m/s - max range 30,200 m Charge 3 + BB - MV 895 ±5 m/s - max range 39,000 m. This modular charge system was replaced by one involving up to six M62A1 combustible modular charges all with the same content and meeting the NATO Joint Ballistics MoU. The charges are produced by SOMCHEM and can be used with ordnance up to 52 calibres long. Other similar modular charge systems could be employed with ERFB and ERFB-BB projectiles. One-piece Combustible Cartridge Cases (CCC) have been developed for use with 155 mm ERFB projectiles. A typical example is the C30 charge manufactured by Chartered Ammunition Industries of Singapore . The separate loading C30 contains 14 kg of triple-base propellant, is 770 mm long and has a diameter of 160 mm. It will provide a range of 30,000 m using a 39 calibre barrel and 40,000 m using a 45 calibre barrel. One further charge developed for use with 39 and 45 calibre 155 mm barrels firing ERFB projectiles, is the Propelling Charge No 16 produced by Eurometaal NV of the Netherlands. This is a separate loading single-bag charge of single-base nitrocellulose CH21 propellant with a 50 g clean-burning igniter in a red cloth bag sewn onto the base. The charge incorporates a central igniter core and a flash reducer containing 250 g of potassium sulphate. A wear-reducing and decoppering liner are sewn to the inner surface of the bag. The complete charge weighs 13.12 kg, 12.12 kg of which is the CH21 propellant. It is 764 mm long. For training purposes, Denel developed its Shell 155 mm Prac M1A1 . This projectile contains an inert material along with three exploder pellets weighing 400 g which detonate on impact to produce a spotting flash. The projectile may have a boat tail or base bleed unit, as required. Authorised fuzes PD M557, M78 series, M739, Fuchs M841 MTSQ M564, M582 Prox M514 series, Fuchs 8513 Electronic NINA, ZELAR, Fuchs M8611 Equivalent projectiles ARGENTINA ARGENTINA Manufacturer CITEFA Type: Long Range Artillery projectiles PALA 37/CH and 37/BB Description: Under development for use with CITEFA 30/2 CALA gun-howitzer. PALA 37/CH is ERFB and PALA 37/BB is ERFB-BB. Weight is 45.5 kg and filling 8.8 kg of Hexogen. Total length 937 mm fitted with a PD M557 fuze. Maximum range at muzzle velocity of 897 m/s is 39,000 m AUSTRIA Manufacturer Hirtenberger AG Type: 155 mm ERFB, ERFB-BB Description: Standard specifications. No longer in production but may remain in service CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC Manufacturer China North Industries (NORINCO) Type: 155 mm ERFB, ERFB-BB Description: Standard specifications. Produced for 155 mm Type WA 021 gun-howitzer but compatible with other 155 mm gun systems. Fitted with PD M739 fuze FRANCE Manufacturer Giat Industries Type: 155 mm HE ERFB BB NR 265 B1, HE ERFB BT NR 173 B1 Description: Originally produced in Belgium by PRB SA. Weight of 155 mm HE ERFB-BB NR 265 B1 with fuze given as 47.2 kg and weight of TNT as 8.2 kg; 8.8 kg of RDX/TNT is an alternative. Both projectiles are in production IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 155 mm ERFB-BT, ERFB-BT-BB Description: No details available. It is possible that these projectiles were imported rather than produced locally. See also separate entry for details of an Iranian 155 mm HE-BB KOREA, SOUTH Manufacturer Poongsan Corporation Type: 155 mm HE-ERFB K307 Description: Actually an ERFB-BB with a maximum range of 40,000 m. Length with lifting plug is 960 mm and weight 47.17 kg. Fitted with PD M557 fuze or PD M739A1 NETHERLANDS Manufacturer Eurometaal NV Type: 155 mm ERFB, ERFB-BB Description: Standard specifications. Propelling charge No 16 also produced SINGAPORE Manufacturer Chartered Ammunition Industries Type: 155 mm ERFB, ERFB-BB Description: Standard specifications. Filling is 8 kg of TNT with an additive. C30 unitary CCC also produced SLOVAKIA Manufacturer Technopol Type: 155 mm HE Nub Shell with BB Description: As above. Developed for use with the ZTS ZUZANA 155 mm self-propelled artillery system but equally applicable to any NATO 155 mm artillery system. A 152 mm version of this projectile also exists Manufacturer Konstrukta Defence Type: 155 mm HE Nub Shell with BB Description: Developed for use with the ZTS ZUZANA 155 mm self-propelled artillery system but equally applicable to any NATO 155 mm artillery system. Weight complete with base bleed unit given as 47.5 kg containing 8.2 kg of explosive. Muzzle velocity 897 m/s. Maximum range 39,000 m with minimum range 5,900 m. Can be used with any NATO 155 mm propellant charge system or with combustible cartridge case system also produced by Konstrukta Defence. A 152 mm version of this projectile also exists Manufacturer Vihorlat Type: 155 mm HE Nub Shell with BB Description: Specifications as for the Konstrukta Defence projectile (see previous) SOUTH AFRICA Manufacturer NASCHEM Type: Shell, 155 mm HE M1 and HE M1A2 Description: Produced by NASCHEM for LIW 155 mm G5 and G6 artillery systems. HE filling weight (nominal) 8.7 kg of RDX/TNT 50:50. Weights: ERFB 44.5 kg, ERFB-BB 46 kg. Fired using combustible three-part charge system with maximum muzzle velocity of 897 m/s (±5 m/s) with ERFB. NASCHEM also produces the Practice projectile (Shell 155 mm Prac M1A1 ) for both ERFB and ERFB-BB Manufacturer SOMCHEM Type: 155 mm VLAP Description: See following entry for details SPAIN Manufacturer EXPAL SA Type: 155 mm ERFB Mk 10 Mod 2, ERFB/BB Mk 10 Mod 2B Description: Standard specifications Manufacturer FOREX SA Type: 155 mm ERFB Description: Standard specifications SWITZERLAND Manufacturer NORICUM Type: SEN-155 mm HE/BT and HE/BB Description: Marketed by T & T Technology Trading Limited. HE/BT weighs 45.5 kg and HE/BB 47.5 kg. Used with NORICUM N10 (Zone 10) or N89 (Zones 8 and 9) charges YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC Manufacturer Yugoimport SDPR Type: 155 mm ERFB, ERFB-BB Description: Standard specifications. Produced for Yugoslav 155 mm M46/84 gun. Charges contained in long brass cartridge case. May no longer be in productionЧитати далі
POONGSAN CORPORATION
POONGSAN CORPORATION
7.62 × 33 mm subcalibre
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Argentina
7.62 × 33 mm subcalibre
Synonyms 7.62 × 33 `T'; 7.62 mm Spanish Regaña; 7.62 mm Modelo 68; 7.62mm subcalibre Armament Subcalibre inserts for the 88.9 mm Instalaza M-65 anti-tank rocket launcher used by the Spanish and other armies. Development This cartridge was developed in 1968 by Colonel Regaña of the Spanish Army. It was originally based on a 7.92 × 33 mm Kurz case necked down to take a 7.62 × 51 mm NATO tracer bullet, providing a suitable cartridge for the subcalibre training device. Description Although using the same metric notation, this round should not be confused with the 7.62 × 33 mm 0.30 Carbine cartridge described previously. The two completely different and cannot be interchanged. The round consists of a pointed rifle-type tracer bullet fitted into a cut down and necked 7.62 × 51 mm cartridge case. The bullet and propelling charge are designed to reproduce the trajectory of the anti-tank rocket fired from the parent weapon. A 7.62 mm calibre barrel is inserted into the rocket launcher tube in the form of a dummy rocket which is loaded in the same fashion as a live round. The firing circuit is arranged to fire the cartridge, after which the dummy rocket is removed and a fresh one loaded. The bullet displays a visible trace which permits its flight to be tracked for instructional purposes. ARGENTINA Manufacturer Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares Type: Tracer `T': FMJ; base tracer; 8.81 gЧитати далі
60 mm HE bomb FMK1 Mod 0
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Argentina
60 mm HE bomb FMK1 Mod 0
Armament Argentine 60 mm Mortar FMK3 Mod 0; Assault Mortar FMK1 Mod 0; Hotchkiss-Brandt ( TDA ) pattern 60 mm mortars and similar. Development Developed by the Rio Tercero Factory. Description The bomb has a heat-treated forged steel body of streamlined shape with four gas check grooves at the waist. A light-alloy tail unit with eight fins is screwed into the tail of the body. A shotgun type primary cartridge fits into the tail tube and up to six horseshoe type secondary charges clip around the tail tube ahead of the fins. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Читати далі
60 mm smoke bomb FMK3 Mod 0
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Argentina
60 mm smoke bomb FMK3 Mod 0
Armament Specifically for the Argentine Standard FMK3 Mod 0, Assault FMK1 Mod 0 and Commando FMK2 Mod 0 60 mm mortars, but suitable for use in most modern 60 mm TDA pattern mortars. Development Developed by Rio Tercero factory. Description This uses the same body as the high-explosive bomb, FMK1 Mod 0, but the steel is specially heat-treated to break into large pieces rather than small fragments, since the requirement is simply to liberate the payload. A central exploder carries a charge of high explosive, initiated by a nose fuze, shattering the bomb body and distributing the charge of White Phosphorus (WP). The tail unit is the same as that of the HE bomb, the same propelling charge system is used and the ballistic performance is the same. Manufacturer Fabrica Militar Rio Tercero.Читати далі
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