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Каталог оборонних продуктів — Сторінка 141

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AVIBRAS ASTROS II rockets
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Iraq
AVIBRAS ASTROS II rockets
Armament AVIBRAS ASTROS II MRS. Development Brazil's first AVIBRAS ASTROS II MRS were produced during 1983, together with its associated armoured truck-mounted fire-control centres and other support vehicles. Despite being produced in significant numbers for export to Iraq , Qatar and Saudi Arabia (an estimated 60 launchers), as well as for the Brazilian Army (six launchers and three reload vehicles), relatively few details have been published regarding the ASTROS II (Artillery SaTuration ROcket System) rockets themselves, so known details of all four types are included in this one section. There are four ASTROS II rocket calibres, 127, 180 and two 300 mm, all fired from the same launcher vehicle but with suitably configured launch module arrangements. A coastal defence version of the AVIBRAS ASTROS II MRS has been proposed, with two batteries having been ordered by the Brazilian Army. Unconfirmed reports have indicated that production of the ASTROS II SS-60 rocket (see below in this entry) has been undertaken at the Al-Kharj military complex in Saudi Arabia , but no firm details are available. Saudi Arabia is understood to have about 60 ASTROS II MRS launchers. Other known ASTROS II purchasers are Iraq and Libya . Description All four ASTROS II rockets are understood to have extruded double-base propellant rocket motors. The smallest of the ASTROS II rockets is the 127 mm SS-30 fired from a 32-tube launcher. Each wraparound folding fin-stabilised rocket is 3.9 m long and weighs 68 kg. Maximum range is 30,000 m and minimum 9,000 m. A high-explosive warhead is fitted. The 180 mm SS-40 is fired from 16-tube launchers. Stabilised in flight by four wraparound tailfins, the SS-40 is 4.2 m long and weighs 152 kg. Maximum range is 35,000 m and minimum 15,000 m. Although a high-explosive warhead can be fitted to the SS-40, the normal warhead contains 20 dual-purpose bomblets. Each anti-personnel/anti-armour bomblet is 390 mm high and 130 mm in diameter, with a ribbon streamer to stabilise the bomblet during the descent phase and also arm the mechanical impact fuze. The third of the ASTROS II rockets is the 300 mm SS-60 launched from four-tube launchers. The wraparound folding tailfin stabilisation method as used with the smaller ASTROS II rockets is retained, with the overall length being 5.6 m. Weight of the SS-60 is 595 kg, 212 kg of which is the cluster warhead containing 65 of the same dual-purpose bomblets used with the SS-40. Maximum range is 60,000 m and minimum 20,000 m. In 1995 the 300 mm SS-80 was announced. Outwardly resembling the SS-60 and having the same weight, the SS-80 has a maximum range of 90,000 m and a minimum range of 22,000 m, implying that the SS-80 has a totally different rocket motor to the earlier model. Rocket weight is 595 kg. No details have yet been released regarding the SS-80 warhead although it is assumed that is the same as that for the SS-60. In 1991, three extra types of warhead content were introduced for the 180 mm SS-40 and 300 mm SS-60. One is an HEI filled with White Phosphorus (WP). The second is a minescattering warhead containing either anti-personnel mines with an effective radius of 30 m, anti-matériel mines able to penetrate 100 mm of armour on contact or up to 20 mm of mild steel at distances of more than 100 m, or anti-armour mines capable of penetrating more than 120 mm of armour plate. The third type of warhead contains various types of delayed action fuzed TNT filled airfield denial munitions capable of penetrating concrete. AVIBRAS was at one time developing the SS-300, with a reported range of 300,000 m and a warhead weighing 1,000 kg. Preliminary engine tests were carried out but all development was later suspended. Authorised fuzes No information available Equivalent rockets IRAQ IRAQ Manufacturer State factories Type: 127 mm Sajeel 30, 180 mm Sajeel 40, 300 mm Sajeel 60 Description: Equivalent to ASTROS II SS-30, SS-40 and SS-60 respectively. Probably no longer in productionЧитати далі
RO Defence 120 mm tank gun ammunition
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Iran
RO Defence 120 mm tank gun ammunition
Armament 120 mm L11 tank gun; 120 mm L30A1 (CHARM) tank gun. Development British 120 mm tank guns are rifled as opposed to the smoothbores of the Rheinmetall DeTec and similar 120 mm tank guns. The first service version of the current 120 mm guns was the L11. The L11 was fitted to the Chieftain series and Challenger 1 MBTs (the earlier Conqueror used an entirely different gun and ammunition family) and was developed to the L11A5 stage. Development work was also carried out on a series of next-generation `Modern Technology' tank guns, which resulted in the 120 mm L30A1 (CHARM - CHallenger ARMament) gun fitted to the Challenger 2 MBT and, at one time, destined to be retrofitted to the Challenger 1 . The L30A1 gun can continue to fire the existing range of Royal Ordnance (now BAE Systems , RO Defence) 120 mm ammunition (apart from the APDS L15) and new high-performance APFSDS projectiles. However, the L30 gun uses a new propellant charge system, the L14, to fire APFSDS. The L14 propellant system, which is based on rigid Combustible Case Charges (CCC), was modified to allow it to be used operationally with L11 guns during Operation Granby/Desert Storm. The code word for this project was Jericho. Description All RO Defence 120 mm tank gun ammunition is manually separate loaded, although the bundled stick propellant charges may be loaded in either calico bags or as rigid thin-walled CCC; at one time bagged charges were used for all types of projectile. All charges are ignited electrically via vent tubes fed from a vent tube loader. The vent tubes may be the L3 for the L11 gun or L4 for the L30 gun. The main types of projectile involved are as follows: APFSDS L23 This is the main projectile used for the attack of armour and involves a monobloc tungsten nickel copper long rod penetrator carried in a light alloy sabot. The penetrator rod uses six aluminium fins. The projectile assembly is fired using an L8 CCC containing 6.65 kg of AX/S64-20 triple-base propellant in stick form. It can also be fired using a modified L14 CCC. Muzzle velocity is 1,534 m/s and the maximum effective range is given as 3,500 m. APFSDS L26 Originally the XL26E1, this projectile is intended for use in the 55 calibre L30 gun currently used on the Challenger 2 MBT and, at one time, intended to be retrofitted to the Challenger 1 . The original CHARM 1 system version of this projectile used a Depleted Uranium (DU) penetrator rod. For the L30 gun the L26 is fired using the L14A1 or L14A2 CCC which contains RDX-based propellant in stick form. This projectile can also be fired from L11 guns using the L8 or L12 charges. The total weight of this projectile is 8.5 kg and it is 525 mm long overall. APFSDS L27 This is known as the CHARM 3 APFSDS, with a greater Depleted Uranium (DU) penetrator length-to-diameter ratio than earlier models and is thus `significantly more effective'. Integration development of the CHARM 3 round began during the early 1990s but was delayed from 1997 onwards by a lack of ranges suitable for firing trials within the UK. Even so the APFSDS L27A1 became available for service with British Army Challenger 2 MBT regiments during 1999, ahead of the planned schedule. The L27A1 is fired using the L16A1 CCC. A competition to provide a CHARM 3 Training Round (C3TR) for the L27 was won by RO Defence at the end of 1999. The 120 mm C3TR consists of a charge and a saboted projectile assembly and, following development, is manufactured at Birtley and Glascoed. APFSDS L28 This is basically a L27A1 round with the DU penetrator replaced by a tungsten-nickel-iron component manufactured by RO Speciality Metals. The propellant charge remains the L16A1 CCC filled with FX insensitive propellant. The APFSDS L28 was developed specifically for Challenger 2 L30A1 tank guns but could be fired from the earlier Challenger 1 L11 gun following fire-control system modifications and alterations to the ammunition stowage to accommodate the increased round length compared to that of the L23 round. The L28 is not yet in production. APDS L15 The APDS round was the original anti-armour element of the 120 mm L11 series tank gun ammunition family. While it has been largely replaced as the primary anti-armour round by APFSDS rounds the APDS L15 remains a potent armour-piercing munition with a high hit probability at combat ranges; it has been estimated that the APDS L15 can penetrate 355 mm of armour at 1,000 m. The subprojectile is stated to be capable of penetrating the armour of most current MBTs at battle ranges. The APDS L15 uses a dense tungsten alloy penetrator subprojectile carried in a light alloy sabot. The projectile assembly is fired using the L4 CCC which contains 8.4 kg of NQ/S53-12 propellant. Muzzle velocity is 1,370 m/s. 120 mm APDS L15 is not fired from the L30 gun. DS/T Prac L20A1 This is a relatively low-cost training projectile with the subprojectile penetrator made from steel with a light alloy nose. The DS/T Prac L20A1 subprojectile matches the trajectory of the APDS L15 out to 1,100 m, after which it requires a much smaller safety trace than the operational L15 subprojectile (the L20A1 also extends barrel life). The L20A1 can also be used as a training equivalent to the APFSDS L23 out to a range of 2,000 m. The DS/T Prac L20A1 is fired using the L5 CCC which contains 5.16 kg of NQ/S27-09 propellant. Muzzle velocity is 1,451 m/s. British Army consumption of the DS/T L20A1 was forecast to run at about 60,000 units per year until 1998. HESH L31 The HESH L31 is employed as a general purpose round with a good anti-armour performance as it is capable of defeating a NATO heavy single target at all ranges up to a maximum of 8,500 m; it can also be used in the indirect fire role. The projectile consists of a thin-walled projectile with a rounded ogive filled with 4.2 kg of RDX/Wax explosive detonated by a base percussion fuze. As with other projectiles of its nature, when the HESH L31 projectile strikes a target the thin walls collapse to allow the explosive to be spread over the surface of the target before the base fuze functions. The resultant detonation creates shock waves which force off a large high-velocity scab of material from the inner surface of the target armour. The latter capability makes the HESH L31 projectile effective against fortifications and structures as well as armoured targets. The HESH L31 is fired using the L3 bag charge containing 3.04 kg of NQ/S27-09 triple-base propellant. Muzzle velocity is 670 m/s. SH/Prac L32A6 This training projectile is used to simulate the operational HESH L31 which it matches ballistically. The SH/Prac L32A6 is available in a completely inert form, filled with an inert HE substitute (a composition of calcium sulphate and castor oil), or an inert HE substitute plus a live fuze and a flash pellet for spotting purposes. Four small tracers are housed in the projectile base. As with the HESH L31, the SH/Prac L32A6 is fired using the L3 bag charge containing 3.04 kg of NQ/S27-09 propellant. Muzzle velocity is 670 m/s. British Army consumption of the SH/Prac L32A6 was forecast to run at about 20,000 units per year until 1998. WP Smoke L34 In visual appearance and ballistic performance, the WP Smoke L34 matches the HESH L31. It is a bursting type of smoke projectile with which an internal burster charge is used to break open the projectile's steel walls to release the White Phosphorus (WP) contents weighing 4.2 kg. The WP then rapidly creates a visually opaque smoke screen which lasts for at least 30 seconds, depending on the ambient weather conditions. The WP Smoke L34 is fired using the L3 bag charge containing 3.04 kg of NQ/S27-09 propellant. Muzzle velocity is 670 m/s. If required, the SH/Prac L32 can be used as a training projectile for the WP Smoke L34. A Canister projectile was developed for use with the L11 gun but it was not placed in production. It was fired using the L3 bag charge and discharged pellets lethal against unprotected personnel up to a range of 200 m from the gun muzzle. Drill ammunition, consisting of inert projectiles and charges, is available. Authorised fuzes APFSDS and APDS - none involved HESH and WP Smoke - BD, type not specified Equivalent rounds IRAN IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Division Type: 120 mm HESH Description: Understood to be based on HESH L31 but projectile weight given as 16.65 kg containing 3.55 kg of an unspecified explosive. Propellant weight is 2.73 kg and muzzle velocity 670 m/s. Maximum range is 2,530 m. Base fuze given as BZ 120Читати далі
Projectile, 155 mm: Illumination, M118 Series
Боєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєнняБоєприпаси, ракети та високоточне озброєння
Iran
Projectile, 155 mm: Illumination, M118 Series
Armament M1A1 Cannon for M114/M114A1 Towed Howitzer; M1A2 Cannon for M114A2 Towed Howitzer; M199 Cannon for M198 Towed Howitzer; M126/M126A1 Cannon for M109 Self-propelled Howitzer; M185 Cannon for M109A1 to M109A4 series of self-propelled howitzers; M284 Cannon for M109A5 and M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzers; XM777 Lightweight Towed Howitzer. The 155 mm Illumination M118 series can also be fired from the following artillery weapons: NORICUM GH N-45 Gun-Howitzer; CITEFA CALA 30/2; Patria Vammas M-83 and 155 GH 52 howitzers; Giat Industries TR and 155/52 guns and M114F Howitzer; Field Howitzer FH-70 ; Soltam Model 839P and 845P towed howitzers, M-71 Gun-Howitzer , M-68 Gun-Howitzer, M-46 Field Gun, and M114S Howitzer; Hadid 155 mm Howitzer HM41 ( Iran ); Otobreda 155/39 TM Howitzer; KH179 Howitzer ( South Korea ); RDM M139 and M139/39 howitzers; STK FH-88 and FH-2000 Gun-Howitzers; LIW G5; SITECSA 155/45 ST 012 Gun-Howitzer; SANTA BARBARA SB 155/39 and 155/52 APU SBT-1 Howitzers, M114 155/45 and M114 155/39 conversions; Bofors FH-77B Howitzer; Bison Fortress Gun (Switzerland); T65 Howitzer and Extended Range Gun ( Taiwan ); 155 mm/52-calibre Howitzer ( Turkey ); M46/84 Gun and M65 Howitzer (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ). The 155 mm Illumination M118 series can also be fired from the self-propelled artillery weapons: TAMSE VCA ( Argentina ); PZL45 ( PRC ); Giat Industries GCT and CAESAR 155/52; PzH 2000 (Germany); M44T (Germany); Soltam Rascal, Slammer and L33; Hadid 155 mm Self-propelled Cannon HM44 Thunder 2 ( Iran ); Otobreda Palmaria and M109L ; Type 75 ( Japan ); K9 Thunder( South Korea ); ZTS ZUZANA ( Slovakia ); LIW G6; SFAW M109 Upgrade (Switzerland); XT-69 ( Taiwan ); SP2000 ( Turkey ); AS90 and Braveheart (UK); UD 155 mm/52-calibre International Howitzer (USA). Development The M118 series of 155 mm illuminating projectiles were developed for battlefield illumination during the Second World War, originally for use with the towed 155 mm Howitzer M1. Although still in service and production, they have been largely superseded by later illuminating projectiles such as the 155 mm Illumination M485A1 and M485A2 (see following entry) in both ballistic and illumination terms. The 155 mm Illumination M118A2 series is now the only version likely to be used by the US armed forces. The German Army equivalents to the 155 mm Illumination M118 series are the DM 16A1 and the DM 26. The Bofors 155 mm JUSTUS illuminating projectile was based on the design of the 155 mm Illumination M118; the 155 mm JUSTUS is no longer in production. Description The most commonly encountered member of the 155 mm Illumination M118 series is the 155 mm Illumination M118A2. This is a separate loading illuminating munition with a hollow steel shell, a relatively blunt ogive and straight sides. A steel base plug is held secured to the shell body by shear and twist pins and a gilding metal drive band encircles the projectile close to the base. A threaded lifting plug is screwed into the fuze well in the nose cavity during storage, transport and handling. The hollow shell interior contains an expulsion (ejection) charge, a canister assembly and a parachute assembly. In operation a nose-mounted MTSQ M501 series fuze functions (ideally at a height above ground of around 640 m), igniting the 53.5 g expulsion charge, contained in a tube running from the fuze, to a perforated baffle plate positioned on top of the canister assembly. The charge creates internal pressure which enables the canister assembly to rupture the shear and twist pins in the base and drive off the base plug. The canister assembly is then ejected from the base. The expulsion charge also ignites the 1.95 kg of illuminating compound inside the canister via a small `first-fire' charge. At the same time a centre wire, essentially part of the parachute suspension system, passes through a hole in the centre of the canister to a release sleeve soldered on to the wire. The burning illuminant melts the solder so that the release sleeve functions, releases the wire and enables the parachute to deploy and suspend the flare body to burn for approximately 60 seconds with an intensity approaching 1 Mcd. The 155 mm Illumination M118 projectiles are fired using M3A1/M4A2 bagged charges and M119/M119A1 unitary charges only. The M203 charge is not used. The Propelling Charge M3A1 is a green bag charge using 2.495 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 1 to 5. It has an M2 flash reducer pad (weighing 28.3 g) assembled in front of the base charge with similar pads assembled in front of increments 4 and 5. The increment bags are tied together by four cloth straps and a clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base charge. The complete charge is 406 mm long. The Propelling Charge M3 is similar to the M3A1 but lacks the M2 flash reducer pads and an 85 g charge of black powder is used in the igniter pad. It should be noted that Charge 1 cannot normally be used with the longer barrelled weapons. The Propelling Charge M4A2 is a white bag charge using 5.897 kg of M1 propellant divided into a base charge and four increments for firing as Charges 3 to 7. The increments are tied together by four cloth straps. A 96.4 g clean-burning igniter charge in a red cloth bag is sewn to the rear of the base section and an M2 flash reducer pad is assembled in front of the base charge. The complete charge is 533 mm long. The Propelling Charge M4A1 is similar to the M4A2 but does not contain the M2 flash reducer pad (although this can be added if required) and the base igniter contains black powder. The Propelling Charge M4 is a white bag charge differing from the M4A1 as it consists of a base charge and two increments only for firing as Charges 5 to 7. The M2 flash reducer pad is used with this charge. The M3 and M4 series of charges are fired using the MK2A4 or M82 primer. The M2 flash reducer pad used with these charges is a 101.6 mm square red cotton cloth bag containing black powder and potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The Propelling Charge M119 is a single white bag charge in a laced jacket fired as Charge 8. It has an igniter bag sewn onto the base and a flash reducer pad is located on the front of the bag; the forward end also contains lead foil as a decoppering agent. The M119 contains 8.62 kg of cool-burning M6 propellant with a central igniter consisting of a moulded nitrocellulose tube containing benite strands. The Propelling Charge M119A1 has some design improvements over the M119 including a modified ring-shaped flash reducer. When firing the 155 mm Illumination M118 series from the 155 mm M126/M126A1 Cannon used on the M109 self-propelled howitzer the following ballistic data is produced: Charge 1 (M3 green bag) - MV 200 m/s - range 2,600 m Charge 2 (M3 green bag) - MV 228 m/s - range 3,600 m Charge 3 (M3 green bag) - MV 259 m/s - range 4,700 m Charge 4 (M3 green bag) - MV 298 m/s - range 6,100 m Charge 5 (M3 green bag) - MV 355 m/s - range 7,800 m Charge 3 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 270 m/s - range 5,100 m Charge 4 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 309 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 5 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 360 m/s - range 8,000 m Charge 6 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 443 m/s - range 9,700 m Charge 7 ( M4A1 white bag) - MV 536 m/s - range 11,600 m. When firing the 155 mm Illumination M118 series from the 155 mm M199 Cannon used on the M198 towed howitzer the following ballistic data is produced: Charge 2 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 239.8 m/s - range 5,000 m Charge 3 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 280.8 m/s - range 6,500 m Charge 4 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 322.9 m/s - range 8,300 m Charge 5 ( M3A1 green bag) - MV 380.1 m/s - range 9,800 m Charge 3 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 296.5 m/s - range 7,200 m Charge 4 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 340.9 m/s - range 8,900 m Charge 5 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 398 m/s - range 10,300 m Charge 6 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 482 m/s - range 12,400 m Charge 7 (M4A2 white bag) - MV 574.3 m/s - range 14,800 m Charge 8 ( M119/M119A1 ) - 684.3 m/s - range 18,100 m. It is anticipated that future 155 mm propellant charge systems will involve the employment of the M231/XM232 Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS). Other nations are currently in the process of adopting similar modular charge systems. Authorised fuzes MTSQ M501 series Equivalent projectiles IRAN IRAN Manufacturer Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group Type: 155 mm Illuminating Description: Believed to be based on M118 series. Weight 42 kg with maximum range 15,000 m ITALY Manufacturer Simmel Difesa SpA Type: 155 mm Illuminating IM160A2 Description: Similar to 155 mm Illumination M118A2. Flare unit (weight 2.15 kg) burns for approximately 70 seconds producing 1.2 Mcd. Projectile weight 46.25 kg SPAIN Manufacturer Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA Type: 155 mm Illumination M118A2 Description: Standard US specifications TURKEY Manufacturer Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu ( MKEK ) Type: 155 mm Illumination M118A2 Description: Standard US specifications. No longer in production but available on requestЧитати далі
Simmel difesa
Simmel difesa
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