Ammunition for 30 mm 2A42, 2A38 and 2A72

are fed into the cannon involved, joined together with 9H623 stamped steel links. HE-I (OFZ, also known as HEFI) projectiles carry 123 g of A-IX-2 (desensitised RDX/Aluminium) explosive and are fitted with A-670M point-detonating fuzes with a self-destruct device functioning between 7.5 and 14.5 seconds, although some manufacturers quote between 13 and 19 seconds. Tracer burn time is not less than 3.5 seconds and may be as long as 4.5 seconds. An HE-T (also known as FT) round also exists, with the tracer element burning for at least 9 seconds. The AP-T (BT) projectile weighs 400 g, contains 127 g of explosive and is stated to be able to penetrate up to 18 mm of armour plate set at 60º at a range of 1,000 m (25 mm at 750 m). Penetration at the maximum effective range of 1,500 m is 15 mm, or 20 mm at 700 m. The tracer element burns for 3 seconds. There is also an APDS-T round with a tungsten-based alloy subprojectile, also known as HVAP, with a muzzle velocity of 1,120 m/s and an armour penetration capability of 25 mm of armour plate set at 60º at a range of 1,500 m. The armour-piercing sub-projectile weighs 222 g. The tracer element burns for 1.5 seconds. This round is also referred to as a 'Kerner' cartridge. All cartridge cases are lacquered or corrosion-treated (usually zinc plated) steel and contain 125 g of pyroxyline powder propellant ignited by a KV-3 primer. The cases are 164 mm long and weigh 328 g. 30 mm 2A42 ammunition produced in the Russian Federation and Associated States (CIS) is intended for operation over a temperature range of -50 to +50ºC. TP, TP-T and inert drill rounds are available for both the HE-I and AP rounds.