9 × 19 mm Parabellum

steel jacketed with gilding metal envelope and an ogival head pattern, weighing 7.45 g. In its original form it used a cylindro-conoidal bullet with a flat tip. This showed a tendency to jam in early sub-machine guns and was replaced during 1917 with an ogival-shaped bullet which has remained the military standard; bullets of the original shape are still available commercially. Since its introduction, the 9 mm Parabellum has been universally accepted and manufactured all over the world, with the exception of the former Warsaw Pact countries, but most of these have also undertaken its production for commercial reasons and some are now producing pistols in this calibre. In January 2000, even the People's Republic of China announced the adoption of an indigenously designed 9x19mm pistol and a special high penetration cartridge for it, also an indigenous design. Compatible platforms include any pistol marked '9 × 19', '9 mm Luger' or any other synonym; the more notable being the Parabellum (Luger), Browning GP35, Beretta 92, SIG P225 and so on, and pistols by Astra, Bernardelli, Star, FEG, Walther, Heckler and Koch, Smith & Wesson, Ruger and many others. Also the predominant sub-machine gun cartridge throughout the world. It has been used in revolvers (Ruger, Smith & Wesson and Manurhin, for example) and semi-automatic carbines (Marlin), though in lesser numbers. It has recently been designated by Russia as a replacement for the 9 × 18 mm.