Name: 122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462
Availability: InStock

Item Type

Item State

Type

Action

Guidance

Caliber

D-30

Weights projectile

Weights explosive

Lengths projectile, fuzed

Operating temperature range

Northern Africa

Egypt

Eastern Asia

China

Southern Asia

Iran

Pakistan

Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Ukraine

Northern Europe

Finland

Southern Europe

Croatia

<h2>Armament</h2><p>122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ); NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 54-1 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer Type 83; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; NORINCO 122 mm Howitzer D-30 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 ; 122 mm Howitzer D-30J ; Factory 100 D-30-M; 122 mm Saddam Howitzer; Hadid 122 mm Howitzer HM40. NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 54 and 54-1; NORINCO 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer Type 85 ; 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer M-1974 ( 2S1 ); Model 89 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer ; Hadid 122 mm Self-propelled Howitzer HM51.</p><h2>Development</h2><p>The 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ) has been in service since before the Second World War. It remains in widespread use throughout the world, although with many armed forces it has now been relegated to reserve or training duties. However, many nations still retain the piece as a first-line weapon, including China where the original design was copied by NORINCO to produce their 122 mm Howitzer Type 54 and 54-1, which differ from the original only in detail. The 122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462 and the closely related OF-462A are the latest 122 mm projectiles of their type to enter service, being the most modern developments in a line of similar projectiles. The OF-462 is also fired from the gun-howitzer barrels used on the later towed 122 mm Howitzer D-30 and self-propelled M-1974 ( 2S1 - also known as the SO-122 or Gvozdika), although the ammunition systems involved with these equipments employ more powerful propellant charges in a longer cartridge case. An improved on-target effect HE projectile is known as the 122 mm 3OF56 - see following entry. This appears to have replaced the OF-462 series of 122 mm FRAG-HE projectiles in production within Russia , although no doubt stockpiles still remain. The spread of 122 mm ordnance has been sufficiently wide for commercial fuze designs to have been produced. A typical example is the South African Fuchs Electronics M9017A1 radio proximity fuze, which is optimised for 122 mm HE projectiles. Proximity action is factory set to function at a height between 6 and 8 m and there is a secondary super-quick impact feature. It has been reported that a 122 mm Rocket-Assisted HE Projectile (RAP) was produced for use with the D-30/2S1 series of weapons. Few details are available but apparently the projectile had a maximum range of 21,900 m.</p><h2>Description</h2><p>The 122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462 is a separate loading round with the projectile and cartridge case loaded separately so that, where appropriate, the propellant charges can be altered to suit the fire mission. The full designation for a complete round is 53-OF-462. The body of the 122 mm OF-462 projectile is forged high-fragmentation steel with a relatively short streamlined ogive, a pronounced bourrelet and a distinct boat tail. There is a single copper drive band just under 21 mm wide. The explosive filling material can vary but is usually a cast TNT/Amatol mixture weighing 3.46 kg; other fillings can include TNT only, with weights usually varying around the 3.5 kg mark. If a PD fuze is fitted it is usually the RGM-2 with selectable instantaneous or delay features and with a muzzle safety distance of between 5 and 7 m. 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ) ammunition uses a `multisection' system of propelling charges. The total weight of the nitrocellulose powder charges is 2.2 kg, made up from a system of nine bags. The basic charge, Charge 8, is a single-base charge bag. The system is built up until the Charge 1 stage is reached which is formed by the base charge bag, four equal section bag charges in a lower layer and three equal section bag charges in an upper layer. The Full Charge is produced by adding one further bag charge to the upper layer, making a total of nine bags in all, which are all held in place by a fibre cup. They are all contained in a MK-75 brass cartridge case, 284 mm long and weighing 3.25 kg, with a 25 mm long brass percussion primer housing threaded into the centre of the base. It is possible to use a cartridge case issued with the Full Charge ready packed and with no facility to alter the charges. This charge system produces a range of muzzle velocities ranging from 205 m/s at the lower end (minimum range 5,350 m) up to the 515 m/s (maximum range 11,800 m) produced by the Full Charge. When the OF-462 is fired from the 122 mm Howitzer D-30 or self-propelled 2S1 , a longer MK-75 brass or lacquered steel cartridge case (length 447 mm, weight (steel) 3.66 kg) with a base-mounted KV-4 percussion primer is involved. This can contain 12/1 Tr and 12/7 nitrocellulose powder in a `Reduced Charge' form containing five variable charge bags weighing a total of 2.43 kg, or a single prepacked Full Charge weighing 3.8 kg. The muzzle velocity using the Full Charge is 680 to 690 m/s and the maximum range 17,360 m. The maximum muzzle velocity using the `Reduced Charge' cartridge is 565 m/s and maximum range 15,300 m. Two training rounds intended specially for training towed 122 mm M-30 or D-30 and 2S1 self-propelled howitzer crews are the 122 mm VOFT-463 (for the M-30 ) and VOFT5 (for the D-30 and 2S1 ) training rounds, both using the same 122 mm HE-T OFT-462 projectile. With the VOFT5 round the OFT-462 projectile is fired at a muzzle velocity of 690 m/s and emits a No 1 tracer for up to 3 seconds from a location in the base so that the trajectory can be followed for training assessment and marking purposes. As the projectile passes through a soft target the nose-mounted VS-5 or VUBS-1M super-quick point detonating fuze functions to detonate the projectile's TNT bursting charge less than 5 m behind the target. Should the projectile fail to hit a target it will self-destruct after about 5 to 7 seconds at a maximum range of 15,300 m. The complete 122 mm VOFT5 round weighs 29.5 kg and has a steel cartridge case containing 3.8 kg of 12/7 + 12/1 Tr and VTH10 propellant. The 122 mm VOFT-463 training round for the M-30 operates in a similar manner. Both these training rounds are marketed by Kintex of Bulgaria . 122 mm blank rounds have also been produced, the MK-463 for the M-30 and the MK-462 for the D-30/2S1.</p><h2>Authorised fuzes</h2><p>PD RGM-2 TSQ D-1, D1U MTSQ V-90 Prox AR-5 Equivalent rounds BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Ministry of Defence, Department of Defence Industry</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: For D-30 and D-30J . Also produced is a M76 projectile but no details are available.</p><p>BULGARIA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>DunaRit</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Complete rounds produced for both M-30 and D-30/2S1 howitzers, the latter with both</p><p>Full and Reduced propellant charges. Standard specifications</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>TREMA JSC</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Complete rounds produced for D-30/2S1 howitzers, the latter with both Full and Reduced</p><p>propellant charges. Standard specifications</p><p>Marketing agency</p><p>Kintex</p><p>Type: VOFT-463 Prac and VOFT5 Prac</p><p>Description: Both training rounds with OFT-462 HE-T projectile - see text</p><p>Marketing agency</p><p>Kintex</p><p>Type: VOF-462</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. Round for use with D-30/2S1 is VOF-462 J. Projectiles may be</p><p>fitted with PD RGM-2 or OFZ-5M fuzes or Proximity RV-2. Cases use Bulgarian KV-U percussion</p><p>primer. Blank cartridges also produced</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>TREMA Limited</p><p>Type: 122 mm 3UOF6 round with 53-OF-462 projectile</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. For D-30 and 2S1 with both Full and Reduced propellant charges</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Vazov Engineering Plants</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. For D-30 and 2S1 with both Full and Reduced propellant charges</p><p>CHINA , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO)</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE Type 54</p><p>Description: Produced primarily for Type 54-1 howitzer. Uses Liu-4 fuze and No 304 primer. Filled</p><p>with 3.5 kg TNT. Otherwise standard specifications. Also produced in Pakistan</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO)</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE Type 83</p><p>Description: An elongated high fragmentation projectile intended for use with D-30 and M-30/Type 54</p><p>howitzers. Weight 28.5 kg and length 660 mm. Max muzzle velocity 618 m/s and maximum range</p><p>15,600 m</p><p>CROATIA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>RH-ALAN doo</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE 462</p><p>Description: Produced primarily for 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 , the Croatian-produced version</p><p>of the D-30 (no longer in production). Standard specifications. Can be supplied fitted with PD RGM-2, M557 or M572 fuzes</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>RH-ALAN doo</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE M95</p><p>Description: Produced primarily for 122 mm Howitzer D-30 RH M94 , the Croatian-produced version</p><p>of the D-30 (no longer in production). The main change is a super charge weighing 4.9 kg which increases muzzle velocity to 735 m/s, which increases maximum range to 17,133 m. The standard 122 mm OF-462 (HE 462) projectile is retained. Can be supplied fitted with PD RGM-2, M557 or M572 fuzes</p><p>CZECH REPUBLIC</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Caliber Prague Limited</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE for D-30</p><p>Description: Produced for D-30</p><p>EGYPT</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Heliopolis Company for Chemical Industries</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE</p><p>Description: Produced for both M-30 and D-30 series. Fuze fitted is AU-18</p><p>FINLAND</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Patria Vammas</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. Produced primarily for D-30 series equipments</p><p>IRAN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Division</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE</p><p>Description: For D-30 howitzer. Fitted with PD M577 or M572 fuze. Muzzle velocity 565 m/s and</p><p>maximum range 15,600 m. Projectile weight is 20.5 kg, containing 3.55 kg of explosive. Propellant</p><p>weight is 2.407 kg</p><p>PAKISTAN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Pakistan Ordnance Factories</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE</p><p>Description: This is the same round as that produced in China for Type 54 and 54-1 howitzers. Filled</p><p>with 3.52 kg of TNT. Licensed production</p><p>POLAND</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>State factories</p><p>Type: OF-462</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. Probably no longer in production</p><p>ROMANIA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>SN ROMARM SA</p><p>Type: 122 mm HE</p><p>Description: Standard specifications for D-30 version. Filled with 3.528 kg of TNT</p><p>SLOVAKIA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Kerametal Company Limited</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Produced for D-30 . Available in Full and Reduced Charge versions. Supplied fitted with</p><p>PD KZ 88 fuze. Marketed by ZVS Dubnica</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>VIHORLAT As Snina</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Produced for D-30 . Projectile weight 21.8 kg and maximum range given as 15,300 m</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Konstrukta Defence</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Produced for D-30 . Available in Full and Reduced Charge versions</p><p>UKRAINE</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>TACKO</p><p>Type: 122 mm OF-462</p><p>Description: Produced for D-30/2S1 howitzers. Available in Full and Reduced Charge versions</p><p>YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Yugoimport SDPR</p><p>Type: TF-462</p><p>Description: Standard specifications. Produced for both M-30 and D-30/2S1. May no longer be in</p><p>production</p><p>Holding Company: Yugoimport SDPR</p><p>Type: HE Shell M55</p><p>Description: Intended for use with M-30 . Virtually identical to standard OF-462 but unfuzed body is</p><p>slightly shorter at 504 mm. Available in variable charge form only with maximum muzzle velocity 515</p><p>m/s and maximum range 11,800 m. May no longer be in production</p>

The 122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462 is a separate loading round with the projectile and cartridge case loaded separately so that, where appropriate, the propellant charges can be altered to suit the fire mission. The full designation for a complete round is 53-OF-462. The body of the 122 mm OF-462 projectile is forged high-fragmentation steel with a relatively short streamlined ogive, a pronounced bourrelet and a distinct boat tail. There is a single copper drive band just under 21 mm wide. The explosive filling material can vary but is usually a cast TNT/Amatol mixture weighing 3.46 kg; other fillings can include TNT only, with weights usually varying around the 3.5 kg mark. If a PD fuze is fitted it is usually the RGM-2 with selectable instantaneous or delay features and with a muzzle safety distance of between 5 and 7 m. 122 mm Howitzer M1938 ( M-30 ) ammunition uses a 'multisection' system of propelling charges. The total weight of the nitrocellulose powder charges is 2.2 kg, made up from a system of nine bags. The basic charge, Charge 8, is a single-base charge bag.

This charge system produces a range of muzzle velocities ranging from 205 m/s at the lower end (minimum range 5,350 m) up to the 515 m/s (maximum range 11,800 m) produced by the Full Charge. When the OF-462 is fired from the 122 mm Howitzer D-30 or self-propelled 2S1 , a longer MK-75 brass or lacquered steel cartridge case (length 447 mm, weight (steel) 3.66 kg) with a base-mounted KV-4 percussion primer is involved. This can contain 12/1 Tr and 12/7 nitrocellulose powder in a 'Reduced Charge' form containing five variable charge bags weighing a total of 2.43 kg, or a single prepacked Full Charge weighing 3.8 kg. The muzzle velocity using the Full Charge is 680 to 690 m/s and the maximum range 17,360 m. The maximum muzzle velocity using the 'Reduced Charge' cartridge is 565 m/s and maximum range 15,300 m. Two training rounds intended specially for training towed 122 mm M-30 or D-30 and 2S1 self-propelled howitzer crews are the 122 mm VOFT-463 (for the M-30 ) and VOFT5 (for the D-30 and 2S1 ) training rounds, both using the same 122 mm HE-T OFT-462 projectile.

122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462

122 mm FRAG-HE OF-462

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