Name: Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60
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<h2>Armament</h2><p>M101/M101A1, M102 (towed) and M108 (self-propelled) howitzers; Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer (L5); RO Defence L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer; Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105 mm KH178 ( South Korea ); Giat Industries LG1 Mk I and Mk II Light Gun and M101A1 Modernised (France); Type 75 self-propelled howitzer ( Japan ); NDSB SAKTI 105 mm Light Gun ( Malaysia ); RDM 105 mm M101/33 (Netherlands); 105 mm m/26 (Spain); T64 105 mm Howitzer ( Taiwan ); M101 Modified (Germany); 105 mm Howitzer M56 and M18/61 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ).</p><h2>Development</h2><p>The Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60 was type classified in 1972, having been adapted from a 105 mm chemical agent (H or HD) M60 projectile type classified in 1958. It is intended for the production of screening and spotting smoke and has a secondary incendiary effect. Any remaining chemical agent-filled 105 mm M60 projectiles are scheduled for destruction. Chemical-filled M60 projectiles may contain 1.44 kg of H (Mustard agent) or 1.347 kg of HD (Distilled Mustard agent) in liquid form. The UK service designation for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from L119 Light Guns is Round, 105 mm, How, Smoke Bursting, WP, L42A2.</p><h2>Description</h2><p>The 105 mm Cartridge WP/Smoke M60 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case, allowing free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a welded base cover, a streamlined ogive and a single gilding metal driving band. The shell is fitted with a steel bush adaptor, which is brazed into position to provide a surface for sealing the forward end of the press-fitted burster casing; it also provides a well for the fuze. On the M60 the adaptor is machined to accept a tubular steel M5 burster casing located towards the base of the shell body; the burster charge is approximately 113 g of Tetrytol in pellet form. The shell filling consists of 1.737 kg of cast White Phosphorus (WP) although other smoke producing substances such as titanium tetrachloride have been employed. The shell normally operates on impact when the point detonating or MTSQ nose fuze initiates a small charge under the fuze and creates a flash to ignite the burster charge. The burster charge is sufficient to rupture the shell body to release the WP filling which, on contact with the atmosphere, creates a dense white smoke cloud. The 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 uses a steel burster casing for the M5 burster containing Tetrytol. The only fuze that can be accommodated is the PD M557. The M60A1 has a high-strength aluminium burster casing for the M53 burster containing Composition A5. Fuzes that can be used include the PD M557 and the MTSQ M564. The M60A2 is the same as the M60A1 but the burster is changed to the M53A1 . The cartridge case is of the M14 type. The standard M14 is manufactured using 70:30 brass but other materials have been used and may still be encountered; for example the M14B1 used copper-plated drawn steel while the M14B4 is a three-piece spiral-wrapped lacquered steel case. The base-mounted percussion primer is pressed into place and may be one of several types including the M1B1A2, M28A2 (brass), M28B2 (steel) or M1A2 . The cartridge case contains the M67 propelling charge. This consists of seven M1 dualgran propellant increments, packed in individually numbered cloth bags threaded together in numerical order on a length of silk or acrylic twine. Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The other increments are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g. Charge 6 consists of Charge 5 plus a 243.81 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 843.69 g. Charge 7 consists of Charge 6 plus a 369.89 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Total nominal charge weight is then 1.241 kg. Ballistic data for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from 105 mm M101/M101A1 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 198.1 m/s - max range 3,510 m Charge 2 - MV 216.4 m/s - max range 4,110 m Charge 3 - MV 237.7 m/s - max range 4,860 m Charge 4 - MV 266.7 m/s - max range 5,950 m Charge 5 - MV 310.9 m/s - max range 7,650 m Charge 6 - MV 376.4 m/s - max range 9,380 m Charge 7 - MV 472.4 m/s - max range 11,270 m. Ballistic data for the 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 when fired from 105 mm M102 howitzers is as follows: Charge 1 - MV 205 m/s - max range 3,700 m Charge 2 - MV 223 m/s - max range 4,300 m Charge 3 - MV 247 m/s - max range 5,200 m Charge 4 - MV 278 m/s - max range 6,300 m Charge 5 - MV 325 m/s - max range 8,100 m Charge 6 - MV 393 m/s - max range 9,600 m Charge 7 - MV 494 m/s - max range 11,500 m. Range data for the 105 mm L119/M119A1 Towed Howitzer when firing the WP/Smoke M60 is as follows: Charge 1 - range 1,800 to 3,400 m Charge 2 - range 2,100 to 4,100 m Charge 3 - range 2,600 to 4,800 m Charge 4 - range 4,100 to 6,300 m Charge 5 - range 4,200 to 7,900 m Charge 6 - range 5,000 to 9,500 m Charge 7 - range 6,200 to 11,500 m.</p><h2>Authorised fuzes</h2><p>PD M557 and M739; MTSQ M564 Equivalent rounds ARGENTINA</p><p>ARGENTINA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Direccion General de Fabricaciones Militares</p><p>Type: Humoso Incendario (HINC)</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer</p><p>AUSTRALIA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Office of Defence Production</p><p>Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Used with Otobreda 105/14 Pack Howitzer BELGIUM</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>PRB SA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke NR 144</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications but weight complete given as 20 kg. No longer in production</p><p>but in widespread service</p><p>BRAZIL</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>ENGEQUÌMICA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP CTG MD1</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><p>FRANCE</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Giat Industries</p><p>Type: 105 mm WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications</p><p>GREECE</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>PYRKAL: Greek Powder & Cartridge Company</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Issued with PD M557 fuze fitted</p><p>IRAN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Defence Industries Organisation, Ammunition Group</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke</p><p>Description: Fitted with PD M55A5 or M557 fuze. Standard US specifications</p><p>ISRAEL</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Israel Military Industries ( IMI )</p><p>Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60A2 Description: Standard US specifications ITALY</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Simmel Difesa SpA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><p>KOREA, SOUTH</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Daewoo Corporation</p><p>Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications. Issued fitted with PD M557 fuze NETHERLANDS</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Eurometaal NV</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP</p><p>Description: Stated to be equivalent to 105 mm WP/Smoke M60</p><p>PAKISTAN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Pakistan Ordnance Factories</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications. Fitted with PD M557 fuze. Weight of complete round given</p><p>as 19.77 kg and filled with 1.85 kg of White Phosphorus (WP) or 1.95 kg of tetryl pellets. Brass</p><p>cartridge case is fitted with P-1 Mark 3 percussion primer</p><p>PORTUGAL</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>INDEP - Industrias Nacionais de Defesa</p><p>Type: 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 Description: Standard US specifications SPAIN</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Barreiros Hermanos Internacional SA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60 Description: Standard US specifications</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>EXPAL SA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP ME60A1</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications. Contains 1.75 to 1.8 kg of WP. May be fitted with PPD 440</p><p>proximity fuze</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>FOREX SA</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP</p><p>Description: Standard US specifications</p><p>UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Scranton Army Ammunition Plant</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP</p><p>Description: Standard specifications</p><p>YUGOSLAVIA , FEDERAL REPUBLIC</p><h2>Manufacturer</h2><p>Yugoimport SDPR</p><p>Type: 105 mm Smoke/WP M60</p><p>Description: Essentially the same as WP/Smoke M60 . For 105 mm M56 and M18/61 howitzers (a</p><p>modernised version of the Second World War German 105 mm leFH 18), it is fired using a</p><p>seven-charge propellant system plus a Super Charge. Maximum possible muzzle velocity is 570 m/s and</p><p>maximum range 13,000 m, although the normal muzzle velocity is given as 491 m/s and maximum</p><p>range 11,620 m. Complete round weight given as 20.049 kg and projectile weight 15.8 kg. May no</p><p>longer be in production</p>

The 105 mm Cartridge WP/Smoke M60 is a semi-fixed round with the projectile being a free fit in the cartridge case, allowing free access to the propellant increments inside the case. The projectile is a hollow steel forging with a boat-tailed base and a welded base cover, a streamlined ogive and a single gilding metal driving band. The shell is fitted with a steel bush adaptor, which is brazed into position to provide a surface for sealing the forward end of the press-fitted burster casing; it also provides a well for the fuze. On the M60 the adaptor is machined to accept a tubular steel M5 burster casing located towards the base of the shell body; the burster charge is approximately 113 g of Tetrytol in pellet form. The shell filling consists of 1.737 kg of cast White Phosphorus (WP) although other smoke producing substances such as titanium tetrachloride have been employed. The shell normally operates on impact when the point detonating or MTSQ nose fuze initiates a small charge under the fuze and creates a flash to ignite the burster charge. The burster charge is sufficient to rupture the shell body to release the WP filling which, on contact with the atmosphere, creates a dense white smoke cloud. The 105 mm WP/Smoke M60 uses a steel burster casing for the M5 burster containing Tetrytol.

Before loading, the required increments are arranged inside the case with the No 1 increment, the base charge, at the bottom and the No 7 increment located towards the case mouth. The other increments are arranged around the walls of the case and around the primer tube. Charge 1 is the base charge consisting of 238.42 g of propellant M1 (small size). Charge 2 consists of Charge 1 plus a 41.11 g increment of propellant M1 (small size). Nominal charge weight is 279.53 g. Charge 3 consists of Charge 2 plus a 70.87 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 350.4 g. Charge 4 consists of Charge 3 plus a 96.39 g increment of propellant M1 (large size). Nominal charge weight is 446.79 g. Charge 5 consists of Charge 4 plus a 153.09 g increment of propellant M1 (large size) and a sheet of lead which functions as a decoppering agent. Nominal charge weight is 599.88 g.

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Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60

Cartridge, 105 mm: WP/Smoke, M60

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